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氮是中国水体主要污染物,可引起水体富营养化并使其发黑变臭。中国在“十二五”期间把氨氮纳入污染物总量控制指标体系,对氨氮进行重点控制。生物法是目前最常用的废水脱氮方法,通过硝化作用将氨氮转化为硝态氮,然后通过反硝化作用将硝态氮还原成为氮气,以此达到脱氮的目的。然而这种脱氮技术在应用过程中存在碳源不足、脱氮时间长、耗能大、处理高浓度含氮废水时效果不理想等问题,其应用和发展也因此受到很大限制;开发处理效果好、应用前景广的新型脱氮技术一直是研究的热点[1-2]。限制自养硝化反硝化(OLAND)工艺是比利时Gent大学微生物生态实验室开发的一种新型的生物脱氮工艺[3],相对于传统生物脱氮具有能耗低、反应时间短、污泥产量少、不需投加碳源、脱氮效率高等优点[4]。笔者基于OLAND工艺原理,分析了系统中活性微生物的种类、分布及特性,讨论了脱氮过程的主要影响因素及厌氧氨氧化过程的强化措施,并指出了该工艺需要进一步研究的方向和重点,以期为该工艺的深入研究和推广应用提供参考。
Research on the mechanism and strengthening of OLAND process
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摘要: 限制自养硝化反硝化(OLAND)工艺是短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化相耦合的生物脱氮工艺,与传统的生物脱氮相比,能耗低,反应时间短,污泥产量少,不需投加碳源,脱氮效率高,在较低温度下仍可正常运行,在技术研究和开发上具有良好的潜力和经济价值。基于OLAND工艺原理,从微观上分析了工艺中微生物的种类、分布及特性,从宏观上探讨了溶解氧质量浓度、底物质量浓度、pH值及温度等对OLAND脱氮过程的影响,并从提高厌氧氨氧化脱氮效率入手,讨论了添加物(竹炭、二氧化锰、铁离子等)、菌种流加技术等对工艺的强化作用。指出多因子协作及其作用机制、OLAND脱氮效率的强化措施及机制研究是今后OLAND工艺研究的重点。Abstract: Oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification-denitrification (OLAND) is an new biological nitrogen removal process based on partial nitrification coupled with anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Compared with conventional biological nitrogen removal methods, OLADN has various advantages such as shorter hydraulic retention time, negligible sludge production, no need for external carbon source, higher nitrogen removal efficiency, and being able to operate stably at low temperature. Thus, OLAND has good potential and economic value in terms of technological research and development. This review focused on the microbial species, distribution and characteristics in the process at the micro level, and the effects of dissolved oxygen concentration, substrate concentration, pH and temperature on nitrogen removal at the macro level based on the nitrogen removal mechanisms of OLAND process. The strengthening effects of additives such as bamboo charcoal, MnO2 and iron ions and technologies of bacteria fed to the process on nitrogen removal efficiency in the stage of anammox are also discussed. Major focus for future work will be the knowledge of multi-factor cooperation mechanism, strengthening measures and mechanisms of nitrogen removal.[Ch, 2 fig. 52 ref.]
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Key words:
- biochemistry /
- OLAND /
- nitrogen removal /
- partial nitrification /
- anammox /
- review
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图 2 厌氧氨氧化菌细胞结构图[15]
Figure 2 Mode structure of anammox bacterial cell
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.05.022