[1] ZHANG Siwen, ZHU Qichao, de VRIES W, et al. Effects of soil amendments on soil acidity and crop yields in acidic soils: a world-wide meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 345: 118531. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118531.
[2] HU Xuewu, WANG Jianlei, LÜ Ying, et al. Effects of heavy metals/metalloids and soil properties on microbial communities in farmland in the vicinity of a metals smelter[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12: 707786. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707786.
[3] ROY M, GIRI A K, DUTTA S, et al. Integrated phytobial remediation for sustainable management of arsenic in soil and water[J]. Environment International, 2015, 75: 180−198. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.010.
[4] ARAO T, KAWASAKI A, BABA K, et al. Effects of water management on cadmium and arsenic accumulation and dimethylarsinic acid concentrations in Japanese rice[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43(24): 9361−9367. DOI: 10.1021/es9022738.
[5] YIN Yuepeng, WANG Yurong, DING Changfeng, et al. Impact of iron and sulfur cycling on the bioavailability of cadmium and arsenic in co-contaminated paddy soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 465: 133408. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133408.
[6] 毛浩楠, 杨兴, 陆扣萍, 等. 铁改性生物质炭对农田土壤养分及砷、铅有效性的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2024, 41(6): 1222−1232.

MAO Haonan, YANG Xing, LU Kouping, et al. Effect of iron-modified biochars on soil nutrients and bioavailability of As and Pb[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2024, 41(6): 1222−1232. DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240171.
[7] 梅闯, 蔡昆争, 黎紫珊, 等. 稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤Cd形态转化和微生物群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 380−390.

MEI Chuang, CAI Kunzheng, LI Zishan, et al. Effects of rice-straw biochar on the transformation of cadmium fractions and microbial community in paddy soils[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2022, 31(2): 380−390. DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.02.019.
[8] 孙远, 陈敏, 周育智, 等. 改性生物炭对镉砷复合污染土壤的修复研究进展[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2024, 52(2): 1−11.

SUN Yuan, CHEN Min, ZHOU Yuzhi, et al. Research progress of modified biochar for remediation of cadmium-arsenic contaminated soils[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 52(2): 1−11. DOI: 10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2024.02.001.
[9] JIAO Yonghong, WANG Tianning, HE Mengchang, et al. Simultaneous stabilization of Sb and As co-contaminated soil by Fe-Mg modified biochar[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 830: 154831. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154831.
[10] LI Weitao, WU Meng, LIU Ming, et al. Responses of soil enzyme activities and microbial community composition to moisture regimes in paddy soils under long-term fertilization practices[J]. Pedosphere, 2018, 28(2): 323−331. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60010-4.
[11] ZHANG Han, CUI Jianglong, XIONG Ying, et al. Microbial response and the crucial function of predominant phyla in Sedum alfredii-mediated remediation of high concentration of multiple heavy metal soils[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2025, 374: 126211. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126211.
[12] XIAO Shiqi, DING Sheng, GAO Wei, et al. Hydroxyapatite self-doped biochar with MgO modification immobilizes heavy metal and alters soil microbial community[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12(6): 114283. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.114283.
[13] ISLAM M S, DENG Hui, DONG Youming, et al. Improving arsenic and cadmium contaminated paddy soil health and rice quality with plant-animal-based modified biochar: a mechanistic study[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 448: 141659. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141659.
[14] ZHANG Ting, SUN Yifei, PARIKH S J, et al. Water-fertilizer regulation drives microorganisms to promote iron, nitrogen and manganese cycling: a solution for arsenic and cadmium pollution in paddy soils[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 477: 135244. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135244.
[15] SCHLOSS P D, WESTCOTT S L, RYABIN T, et al. Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 75(23): 7537−7541. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01541-09.
[16] ZHU Xiaohui, LI Zhexuan, GU Tianyu, et al. Functional materials based on kitchen waste fermentation residue for the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13(3): 116616. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.116616.
[17] 戴志楠, 杨兴, 陈翰博, 等. 原始及铁改性生物质炭对污染土壤中As、Pb生物有效性和微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2022, 42(7): 456−465.

DAI Zhinan, YANG Xing, CHEN Hanbo, et al. Effect of raw and iron-modified biochars on the bioavailability of as and Pb and functional diversity of the microbial community in soils[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2022, 42(7): 456−465. DOI: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2021.0527.
[18] ZHANG Yuliang, FU Pingfeng, LI Sheng, et al. Remediation of As, Sb, and Pb co-contaminated mining soils by using Fe/C based solid wastes: synergistic effects and field applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 498: 155476. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155476.
[19] MENSAH A K, MARSCHNER B, SHAHEEN S M, et al. Biochar, compost, iron oxide, manure, and inorganic fertilizer affect bioavailability of arsenic and improve soil quality of an abandoned arsenic-contaminated gold mine spoil[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2022, 234: 113358. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113358.
[20] CHEN Hanbo, GAO Yurong, DONG Huiyun, et al. Chitin and crawfish shell biochar composite decreased heavy metal bioavailability and shifted rhizosphere bacterial community in an arsenic/lead co-contaminated soil[J]. Environment International, 2023, 176: 107989. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107989.
[21] WU Chuan, AN Wenhui, LIU Ziyu, et al. The effects of biochar as the electron shuttle on the ferrihydrite reduction and related arsenic (As) fate[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 390: 121391. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121391.
[22] CHEN Xin, SI Tianren, WANG Senhan, et al. Enhancement of soil DOC and electron transport by biochar strengthens Cd immobilization via iron oxides transformations in waterlogged soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2025, 391: 126532. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126532.
[23] SI Tianren, CHEN Xin, YUAN Rui, et al. Iron-modified biochars and their aging reduce soil cadmium mobility and inhibit rice cadmium uptake by promoting soil iron redox cycling[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 370: 122848. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122848.
[24] WANG Lu, CHEN Hanrui, WU Jizi, et al. Effects of magnetic biochar-microbe composite on Cd remediation and microbial responses in paddy soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 414: 125494. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125494.
[25] REN Jieling, PENG Yuanzhe, ZHU Aibin, et al. Soil water management-induced transformation of iron phases in kaolinite-loaded amorphous zero-valent iron enhances cadmium immobilization[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13(4): 117282. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.117282.
[26] ZHOU Guowei, YANG Xiaoru, MARSHALL C W, et al. Biochar addition increases the rates of dissimilatory iron reduction and methanogenesis in ferrihydrite enrichments[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017, 8: 589. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00589.
[27] ZHANG Yuliang, FU Pingfeng, LI Sheng, et al. Dual regulation of as release and soil environment by Fe(Ⅱ) assisted steel slag and coal fly ash: effects and potential mechanisms[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025, 482: 136599. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136599.
[28] GU Xiang, LI Zhaoshuang, XU Xu, et al. Hydrangea-like biomimetic MgO-modified coconut shell biochar for remediation of multi-media heavy metal pollution: morphological innovation and underlying mechanisms[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025, 500: 140337. DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140337.
[29] ZHANG Limin, ZENG Qiang, LIU Xi, et al. Iron reduction by diverse Actinobacteria under oxic and pH-neutral conditions and the formation of secondary minerals[J]. Chemical Geology, 2019, 525: 390−399. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.07.038.
[30] ZHANG Dan, GONG Yipeng, QIN Rui, et al. Effect and mechanism of rice-Solanum nigrum L. rotation system inoculated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2025, 496: 139540. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139540.
[31] ZHANG Guogang, LIU Xuewei, GAO Minling, et al. Effect of Fe-Mn-Ce modified biochar composite on microbial diversity and properties of arsenic-contaminated paddy soils[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 250: 126249. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126249.
[32] TENG Zedong, ZHAO Xin, YUAN Junjun, et al. Phosphate functionalized iron based nanomaterials coupled with phosphate solubilizing bacteria as an efficient remediation system to enhance lead passivation in soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 419: 126433. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126433.
[33] YANG Peng, WU Bin, ZHENG Shuai, et al. Effective cadmium immobilization in paddy soil by the interaction of sulfate reducing bacteria and manganese fertilizer[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 371: 123261. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123261.
[34] LI Linfeng, LI Qi, XIAO Anwen, et al. Regulation of soil properties by amendments and their impact on Cd fractions and bacterial community structure: exploring the mechanism of inhibition on Cd phytoavailability[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2025, 294: 118033. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118033.
[35] TIAN Shengni, DONG Yufei, PANG Shouyang, et al. Driving role of acid mine drainage on microbial community assembly and species coexistence in paddy soil profiles[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2025, 156: 771−783. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.12.034.
[36] TANG Tao, ZENG Peng, WANG Jiangyao, et al. Remediation of multi-metal contaminated soil using cow dung and its biochar: effects on heavy metal uptake and soil microbiome in Triticum aestivum L.[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2025, 39: 104243. DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104243.
[37] YU Fangming, HE Ziang, XIN Xiaomin, et al. Evidence that beneficial microbial inoculation enhances heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation: variations in plant endophyte communities[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 480: 135883. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135883.
[38] WANG Xu, LI Daping, GAO Ping, et al. Analysis of biosorption and biotransformation mechanism of Pseudomonas chengduensis strain MBR under Cd(Ⅱ) stress from genomic perspective[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020, 198: 110655. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110655.