[1] HAO Shilai, ZHU Xiangdong, LIU Yuchen, et al. Production temperature effects on the structure of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter and associated toxicity [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, 52(13): 7486 − 7495.
[2] LEHMANN J, COWIE A, MASIELLO C A, et al. Biochar in climate change mitigation [J]. Nature Geoscience, 2021, 14(12): 883 − 892.
[3] HAGEMANN N, JOSEPH S, SCHMIDT H P, et al. Organic coating on biochar explains its nutrient retention and stimulation of soil fertility [J/OL]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1): 1089[2023-04-01]. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01123-0.
[4] WOOLF D, AMONETTE J E, STREET-PERROTT F A, et al. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change [J]. Nature, 2010, 1: 1 − 9.
[5] OLESZCZUK P, JOSKO I, KUSMIERZ M. Biochar properties regarding to contaminants content and ecotoxicological assessment [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 260: 375 − 382.
[6] JANUS A, WATERLOT C, DOUAY F, et al. Ex situ evaluation of the effects of biochars on environmental and toxicological availabilities of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27(2): 1852 − 1869.
[7] JIA Huiting, ZHAO Yuanyuan, DENG Hui, et al. Significant contributions of biochar-derived dissolved matters to ecotoxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in soil with biochar amendment [J/OL]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2023, 29: 102988[2023-04-01]. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2022.102988.
[8] CELLETTI S, BERGAMO A, BENEDETTI V, et al. Phytotoxicity of hydrochars obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of manure-based digestate [J/OL]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 280: 111635[2023-04-01]. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111635.
[9] 李阳, 黄梅, 沈飞, 等. 生物炭对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的植物毒理效应[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2017, 12(1): 234 − 242.

LI Yang, HUANG Mei, SHEN Fei, et al. Phytotoxic effects of biochar on seed germination and early growth of wheat [J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017, 12(1): 234 − 242.
[10] 张进, 刁韩杰, 王敏艳, 等. 稻壳与污泥共热解对污泥炭特性及其重金属生态风险的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019, 39(4): 1250 − 1256.

ZHANG Jin, DIAO Hanjie, WANG Minyan, et al. Effects of rice husk and sewage sludge co-pyrolysis on characteristics of the sludge biochar and its ecological risk of heavy metals [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019, 39(4): 1250 − 1256.
[11]

YANG Fan, XU Zibo, YU Lu, et al. Kaolinite enhances the stability of the dissolvable and undissolvable fractions of biochar via different mechanisms [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, 52(15): 8321 − 8329.
[12] 胡选萍, 秦公伟, 曹小勇, 等. 不同pH值溶液对蓝莓种子萌发特性的影响[J]. 种子, 2019, 38(4): 24 − 30.

HU Xuanping, QIN Gongwei, CAO Xiaoyong, et al. Effect of different gradient of pH on seed germination characteristics of blueberry [J]. Seed, 2019, 38(4): 24 − 30.
[13] 彭钼植, 吉小敏, 姜黎. 温度与盐分对荒漠植物骆驼蓬种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2023(2): 50 − 56.

PENG Muzhi, JI Xiaoming, JIANG Li. Effects of temperature and salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Peganum harmala [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2023(2): 50 − 56.
[14] 符佳豪, 范少茹, 庄秋荣, 等. 砷胁迫下纳米硫对油菜幼苗生长、砷积累及土壤砷形态的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(12): 51 − 59.

FU Jiahao, FAN Shaoru, ZHUANG Qiurong, et al. Effects of nano-sulfur on growth of rapeseed seedlings, As accumulation, and soil As speciation under arsenic stress [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 50(12): 51 − 59.
[15]

MRIDHA D, PAUL I, DE A, et al. Rice seed (IR64) priming with potassium humate for improvement of seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidant defense system under arsenic stress [J/OL]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021, 219: 112313[2023-04-01]. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112313.
[16]

ZHANG Tao, SUN Kaile, CHANG Xiaoke, et al. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses of two contrasting pepper genotypes under salt stress reveal complex salt tolerance mechanisms in seedlings [J/OL]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(17): 9701[2023-04-01]. doi:10.3390/ijms23179701.
[17] 俞佳, 黄颖, 张晋龙, 等. 砷胁迫下外源磷对香蒲根表铁膜形成及吸附砷的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(4): 866 − 873.

YU Jia, HUANG Ying, ZHANG Jinlong, et al. Effect of phosphorus on the formation and adsorption of arsenic in the iron film of the fennel root table under arsenic stress [J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021, 30(4): 866 − 873.
[18]

SHUKLA J, MOHD S, KUSHWAHA A S, et al. Endophytic fungus Serendipita indica reduces arsenic mobilization from root to fruit in colonized tomato plant [J/OL]. Environmental Pollution, 2022, 298: 118830[2023-04-01]. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118830.
[19]

RAGURAJ S, KASIM S, JAAFAR N M, et al. Influence of chicken feather waste derived protein hydrolysate on the growth of tea plants under different application methods and fertilizer rates [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(13): 37017 − 37028.
[20]

SPANÒ C, MUCCIFORA S, CASTIGLIONE M R, et al. Polystyrene nanoplastics affect seed germination, cell biology and physiology of rice seedlings in-short term treatments: evidence of their internalization and translocation [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022, 172: 158 − 166.
[21] 荆蓉, 彭祚登, 李云, 等. 刺槐林腐殖质浸提液对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 51(7): 1 − 15.

JING Rong, PENG Zuodeng, LI Yun, et al. Effects of humus extracts from Robinia pseudoacacia forests on seed germination and seedling growth [J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University, 2023, 51(7): 1 − 15.
[22]

MIKULIC P M, VEBERIC R, HUDINA M, et al. HPLC-DAD-MS dentification and quantification of phenolic components in Japanese Knotweed and American Pokeweed extracts and their phytotoxic effect on seed germination [J/OL]. Plants Basel, 2022, 11(22): 3053[2023-04-01]. doi:10.3390/plants11223053.
[23]

MUNSON R D, HUBER D M, ARNY D C. Potassium in Agriculture [M]. Wisconsin: Amer Society of Agronomy, 1985.
[24]

LERMA M R, LOPEZ G J A, SUAREZ E F, et al. Mitigation of phytotoxic effect of compost by application of optimized aqueous extraction protocols [J/OL]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 873: 162288[2023-04-01]. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162288.
[25] 刘泽勋, 刘超, 郑康, 等. 不同钠盐胁迫对刺槐种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 种子, 2022, 41(10): 65 − 72.

LIU Zexun, LIU Chao, ZHENG Kang, et al. Effects of different sodium salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Robinia pseudoacacia [J]. Seed, 2022, 41(10): 65 − 72.
[26]

SENEVIRATNE M, RAJAKARUNA N, RIZWAN M, et al. Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress on seed germination and seedling development: a critical review [J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2019, 41: 1813 − 1831.
[27]

KUMAR A, SINGH S, MUKHERJEE A, et al. Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting Bacillus pumilus strain JPVS11 to enhance plant growth attributes of rice and improve soil health under salinity stress [J/OL]. Microbiological Research, 2021, 242: 126616[2023-04-01]. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2020.126616.
[28]

JIANG Dan, LU Bin, LIU Liantao, et al. Exogenous melatonin improves salt stress adaptation of cotton seedlings by regulating active oxygen metabolism [J/OL]. PeerJ, 2020, 8: e10486[2023-04-01]. doi:10.7717/peerj.10486.
[29]

FAIZAN M, BHAT J A, CHEN Chen, et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce salt tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in tomato [J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021, 161: 122 − 130.