[1] Working Group I of IPCC. Climate Change: the Physical Science Basis 2021 [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021: 2391.
[2] STEVANOVIC M, POPP A, BODIRSKY B L, et al. Mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land-use change: consequences for food prices [J]. Environmental Science &Technology, 2017, 51(1): 365 − 374.
[3] TUBIELLO F N, SALVATORE M, FERRARA A F, et al. The contribution of agriculture, forestry and other land use activities to global warming, 1990−2012 [J]. Global Change Biology, 2015, 21(7): 2655 − 2660.
[4] QUÉRÉLC, ANDREW R M, FRIEDLINGSTEIN P, et al. Global carbon budget 2017 [J]. Earth System Science Data, 2018, 10(1): 405 − 448.
[5] FEDERICI S, TUBIELLO F N, SALVATORE M, et al. New estimates of CO2 forest emissions and removals: 1990−2015 [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, 352: 89 − 98.
[6] ROE S, STRECK C, OBERSTEINER M, et al. Contribution of the land sector to a 1.5 ℃ world [J]. Nature Climate Change, 2019, 9(11): 817 − 828.
[7] GRASSI G, HOUSE J, DENTENER F, et al. The key role of forests in meeting climate targets requires science for credible mitigation [J]. Nature Climate Change, 2017, 7(3): 220 − 226.
[8] Working Group I of IPCC. Climate Change: the Physical Science Basis 2013 [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013: 1535.
[9] 严圣吉, 尚子吟, 邓艾兴, 等. 我国农田氧化亚氮排放的时空特征及减排途径[J]. 作物杂志, 2022(3): 1 − 8.

YAN Shengji, SHANG Ziyin, DENG Aixing, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and reduction approaches of farmland N2O emission in China [J]. Crops, 2022(3): 1 − 8.
[10]

United Nations Environment Programme. Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and Costs of Mitigating Methane Emissions [EB/OL]. 2021-05-06[2022-11-02]. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/global-methane-assessment-benefits-and-costs-mitigating-methane-emissions.
[11]

ZHOU Sheng, SUN Huifeng, BI Junguo, et al. Effect of water-saving irrigation on the N2O dynamics and the contribution of exogenous and endogenous nitrogen to N2O production in paddy soil using 15N tracing [J/OL]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020, 200: 104610[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2020.104610.
[12]

MEIJIDE A, GRUENING C, GODED I, et al. Water management reduces greenhouse gas emissions in a Mediterranean rice paddy field [J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems &Environment, 2017, 238: 168 − 178.
[13]

KONG Delei, LI Shuqing, JIN Yaguo, et al. Linking methane emissions to methanogenic and methanotrophic communities under different fertilization strategies in rice paddies [J]. Geoderma, 2019, 347: 233 − 243.
[14] 方晓瑜, 李家宝, 芮俊鹏, 等. 产甲烷生化代谢途径研究进展[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2015, 21(1): 1 − 9.

FANG Xiaoyu, LI Jiabao, RUI Junpeng, et al. Research progress in biochemical pathways of methanogenesis [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2015, 21(1): 1 − 9.
[15] 黄祖辉, 米松华. 农业碳足迹研究——以浙江省为例[J]. 农业经济问题, 2011, 32(11): 40 − 47.

HUANG Zuhui, MI Songhua. Agricultural sector carbon footprint accounting: a case of Zhejiang, China [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2011, 32(11): 40 − 47.
[16] 甄伟, 庄鸿源, 米松华. 中国农业中间投入温室气体排放与减排潜力[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(11): 2185 − 2194.

ZHEN Wei, ZHUANG Hongyuan, MI Songhua. Analysis of agricultural intermediate input greenhouse gas emissions and emission reduction potential in China [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(11): 2185 − 2194.
[17] 谭秋成. 中国农业温室气体排放: 现状及挑战[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(10): 69 − 75.

TAN Qiucheng. Greenhouse gas emission in China’s agriculture: situation and challenge [J]. China Population,Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(10): 69 − 75.
[18]

ZHEN Wei, QIN Quande, QIAN Xiaoying, et al. Inequality across China’s staple crops in energy consumption and related GHG emissions [J]. Ecological Economics, 2018, 153: 17 − 30.
[19] 方精云, 郭兆迪, 朴世龙, 等. 1981—2000年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算[J]. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 2007, 37(6): 804 − 812.

FANG Jingyun, GUO Zhaodi, PIAO Shilong, et al. Estimation of carbon sinks in terrestrial vegetation in China from 1981 to 2000 [J]. Science of China (Terrae), 2007, 37(6): 804 − 812.
[20]

GUO Yinyan, GONG Peng, AMUNDSON R, et al. Analysis of factors controlling soil carbon in the conterminous United States [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006, 70(2): 601 − 612.
[21]

LAL R. Global potential of soil carbon sequestration to mitigate the greenhouse effect [J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2003, 22(2): 151 − 184.
[22] 李玥, 巨晓棠. 农田氧化亚氮减排的关键是合理施氮[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(4): 842 − 851.

LI Yue, JU Xiaotang. Rational nitrogen application is the key to mitigate agricultural nitrous oxide emission [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2020, 39(4): 842 − 851.
[23]

DAVIDSON E A. The contribution of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to atmospheric nitrous oxide since 1860 [J]. Nature Geoscience, 2009, 2(9): 659 − 662.
[24]

ZHANG Xiaoying, FANG Qunchao, ZHANG Tao, et al. Benefits and trade-offs of replacing synthetic fertilizers by animal manures in crop production in China: ameta-analysis [J]. Global Change Biology, 2020, 26(2): 888 − 900.
[25]

KONG Delei, JIN Yaguo, CHEN Jie, et al. Nitrogen use efficiency exhibits a trade-off relationship with soil N2O and NO emissions from wheat-rice rotations receiving manure substitution [J/OL]. Geoderma, 2021, 403: 115374[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115374.
[26] 屈田华, 李永夫, 张少博, 等. 生物质炭输入影响土壤氮素转化与氧化亚氮排放的研究进展[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2021, 38(5): 926 − 936.

QU Tianhua, LI Yongfu, ZHANG Shaobo, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation and N2O emissions: a review [J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(5): 926 − 936.
[27] 李松, 李海丽, 方晓波, 等. 生物质炭输入减少稻田痕量温室气体排放[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(21): 234 − 240.

LI Song, LI Haili, FANG Xiaobo, et al. Biochar input to reduce trace greenhouse gas emission in paddy field [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(21): 234 − 240.
[28]

DONG Da, LI Jiong, YING Shanshan, et al. Mitigation of methane emission in a rice paddy field amended with biochar-based slow-release fertilizer [J/OL]. Science of The Total Environment, 2021, 792: 148460[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148460.
[29]

AKIYAMA H, YAN Xiaoyuan, YAGI K. Evaluation of effectiveness of enhanced-efficiency fertilizers as mitigation options for N2O and NO emissions from agricultural soils: meta‐analysis [J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(6): 1837 − 1846.
[30]

XIA Longlong, LAM S K, CHEN Deli, et al. Can knowledge-based N management produce more staple grain with lower greenhouse gas emission and reactive nitrogen pollution? A meta-analysis [J]. Global Change Biology, 2017, 23(5): 1917 − 1925.
[31]

LI Tingyu, ZHANG Weifeng, YIN Jiao, et al. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers are not a panacea for resolving the nitrogen problem [J/OL]. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24(2): e511[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13918.
[32] 李金秋, 邵晓辉, 缑广林, 等. 水肥管理对热带地区双季稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(7): 3458 − 3471.

LI Jinqiu, SHAO Xiaohui, GOU Guanglin, et al. Effects of water and fertilization management on CH4 and N2O emissions in double-rice paddy fields in tropical regions [J]. Environmental Science, 2021, 42(7): 3458 − 3471.
[33] 邹建文. 稻麦轮作生态系统温室气体(CO2, CH4和 N2O)排放研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2005.

ZOU Jianwen. Study on Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O) Emissions from Rice-wheat Crop Rotation Ecosystem [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2005.
[34]

XU Ying, GE Junzhu, TIAN Shaoyang, et al. Effects of water-saving irrigation practices and drought resistant rice variety on greenhouse gas emissions from a no-till paddy in the central lowlands of China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 505: 1043 − 1052.
[35]

CHEN Jie, LI Shuqing, LI Chen, et al. Post-seasonal effects of water-saving rice production regimes on N2O emissions in an annual rice-barley rotation system [J/OL]. Catena, 2019, 182: 104112[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104112.
[36] 霍丽丽, 姚宗路, 赵立欣, 等. 秸秆综合利用减排固碳贡献与潜力研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(1): 349 − 359.

HUO Lili, YAO Zonglu, ZHAO Lixin, et al. Contribution and potential of comprehensive utilization of straw for GHG emission reduction and carbon sequestration [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machiner, 2022, 53(1): 349 − 359.
[37] 潘根兴, 李恋卿, 刘晓雨, 等. 热裂解生物质炭产业化: 秸秆禁烧与绿色农业新途径[J]. 科技导报, 2015, 33(13): 92 − 101.

PAN Genxing, LI Lianqing, LIU Xiaoyu, et al. Industrialization of biochar from biomass pyrolysis: a new option for straw burning ban and green agriculture of China [J]. Science &Technology Review, 2015, 33(13): 92 − 101.
[38]

SMITH P. Soil carbon sequestration and biochar as negative emission technologies [J]. Global Change Biology, 2016, 22(3): 1315 − 1324.
[39] 马立军, 钟妮娜, 邹卓然, 等. 国内农机节能减排现状及应对措施[J]. 农业工程, 2016, 6(5): 12 − 13.

MA Lijun, ZHONG Ni’na, ZOU Zhuoran, et al. Present situation and countermeasures of agricultural machineyenergy conservation and emissions reduction in China [J]. Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 6(5): 12 − 13.
[40] 柯福艳. 浙江低碳农业发展的现状、路径选择与政策建议[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2013(2): 117 − 120.

KE Fuyan. The current situation, path choices and policy suggestions of low-carbon agriculture development in Zhejiang [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2013(2): 117 − 120.
[41]

TIEFENBACHER A, SANDÉN T, HASLMAYR HP, et al. Optimizing carbon sequestration in croplands: a synthesis [J/OL]. Agronomy, 2021, 11(5): 882[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.3390/agronomy11050882.
[42]

HUANG Tiantian, YANG Ning, LU Chen, et al. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nutrients, and yield under different straw returning methods [J/OL]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2021, 214: 105171[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105171.
[43]

CRYSTAL-ORNELAS R, THAPA R, TULLY K L. Soil organic carbon is affected by organic amendments, conservation tillage, and cover cropping in organic farming systems: ameta-analysis [J/OL]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2021, 312: 107356[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107356.
[44]

RAHMATI M, ESKANDARI I, KOUSELOU M, et al. Changes in soil organic carbon fractions and residence time five years after implementing conventional and conservation tillage practices [J/OL]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020, 200: 104632[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2020.104632.
[45] 胡宁, 娄翼来, 梁雷. 保护性耕作对土壤有机碳、氮储量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 18(6): 223 − 226.

HU Ning, LOU Yilai, LIANG Lei. Soil organic C and N stocks as affected by the conservation tillage [J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 18(6): 223 − 226.
[46]

LIN Hui, SUN Wanchun, YU Yijun, et al. Simultaneous reductions in antibiotics and heavy metal pollution during manure composting [J/OL]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 788: 147830[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147830.
[47]

ZHU Xiefei, LABIANCA C, HE Mingjing, et al. Life-cycle assessment of pyrolysis processes for sustainable production of biochar from agro-residues [J/OL]. Bioresource Technology, 2022, 360: 127601[2022-11-12]. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127601.
[48]

International Organization for Standardization. Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Footprint of Products-Requirements and Guidelines for Quantification and Communication: ISO/TS 14067−2013 [S]. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2013.
[49] 邱岳进, 李东明, 曹孝文, 等. 产品碳足迹评价标准比较分析[J]. 合作经济与科技, 2016(20): 138 − 140.

QIU Yuejin, LI Dongming, CAO Xiaowen, et al. Comparative analysis of product carbon footprint evaluation standards [J]. Cooperative Economy and Science, 2016(20): 138 − 140.