[1] ETESAMI H, GLICK B R. Halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria: prospects for alleviating salinity stress in plants[J/OL]. Environ Exp Bot, 2020, 178: 104124[2022-02-06]. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104124.
[2] FLOWERS T J, FLOWERS S A. Why does salinity pose such a difficult problem for plant breeders? [J]. Agric Water Manage, 2005, 78(1/2): 15 − 24.
[3] MACHADO R M A, SERRALHEIRO R P. Soil salinity: effect on vegetable crop growth. management practices to prevent and mitigate soil salinization[J/OL]. Horticulturae, 2017, 3(2): 30[2022-02-06]. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae3020030.
[4] 李菊梅, 李生秀. 几种营养元素在土壤中的空间变异[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1998, 16(2): 58 − 64.

LI Jumei, LI Shengxiu. Spacial variations of some nutrient elements in soil [J]. Agric Res Arid Areas, 1998, 16(2): 58 − 64.
[5] 李菊梅, 李生秀. 几种营养元素在土壤中的分布类型[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1998, 16(1): 69 − 75.

LI Jumei, LI Shengxiu. The distribution type of some nutrient elements in soil [J]. Agric Res Arid Areas, 1998, 16(1): 69 − 75.
[6]

CABELLO J V, LODEYRO A F, ZURBRIGGEN M D. Novel perspectives for the engineering of abiotic stress tolerance in plants [J]. Curr Opin Biotech, 2014, 26: 62 − 70.
[7]

ZHANG Ming, SMITH J A C, HARBERD N P, et al. The regulatory roles of ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant salt stress responses [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2016, 91(6): 651 − 659.
[8]

BAZIHIZINA N, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, COLMER T D. Plant growth and physiology under heterogeneous salinity [J]. Plant Soil, 2012, 354(1): 1 − 19.
[9]

BAZIHIZINA N, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, COLMER T D. Plant responses to heterogeneous salinity: growth of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia is determined by the root-weighted mean salinity of the root zone [J]. J Exp Bot, 2012, 63(18): 6347 − 6358.
[10]

LI Congjuan, LI Yan, MA Jian. Spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical properties at fine scales induced by Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae) plants in a sandy desert [J]. Ecol Res, 2011, 26(2): 385 − 394.
[11] 王政权, 王庆成. 森林土壤物理性质的空间异质性研究[J]. 生态学报, 2000, 20(6): 945 − 950.

WANG Zhengquan, WANG Qingcheng. The spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties in forests [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2000, 20(6): 945 − 950.
[12] 陈丽娟, 冯起, 成爱芳. 民勤绿洲土壤水盐空间分布特征及盐渍化成因分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 27(11): 99 − 105.

CHEN Lijuan, FENG Qi, CHENG Aifang. Spatial distribution of soil water and salt contents and reasons of saline soils development in the Minqin Oasis [J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2012, 27(11): 99 − 105.
[13] 张华艳, 牛灵安, 郝晋珉, 等. 黑龙港流域微地貌与地下水深埋对土壤潜在盐渍化的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(5): 83 − 90.

ZHANG Huayan, NIU Ling’an, HAO Jinmin, et al. Effect of micro-topography and groundwater depth on soil potential salinization in Heilonggang basin [J]. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2018, 38(5): 83 − 90.
[14]

BENNETT S J, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, COLMER T D. Salinity and waterlogging as constraints to saltland pasture production: a review [J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2009, 129(4): 349 − 360.
[15]

TANJI K K. Salinity in the soil environment[M]// LAUCHLI A, LUTTGE U. Salinity: Environment-Plants-Molecules. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2002.
[16]

ROBBINS C W, WAGENET R J, JURINAK J J. A combined salt transport-chemical equilibrium model for calcareous and gypsiferous soils [J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1980, 44: 1191 − 1194.
[17]

VETTERLEIN D, KUHN K, SCHUBERT S, et al. Consequences of sodium exclusion for the osmotic potential in the rhizosphere-comparison of two maize cultivars differing in Na+ uptake [J]. J Soil Sci Plant Nut, 2004, 167(3): 337 − 344.
[18]

FLOWERS T J, YEO A R. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: where next? [J]. Funct Plant Biol, 1995, 22(6): 875 − 884.
[19]

CARTER J L, VENEKLAAS E J, COLMER T D, et al. Contrasting water relations of three coastal tree species with different exposure to salinity [J]. Physiol Plant, 2006, 127(3): 360 − 373.
[20]

BORNMAN T G, ADAMS J B, BATE G C. Freshwater requirements of a semi-arid supratidal and floodplain salt marsh [J]. Estuaries, 2002, 25(6): 1394 − 1405.
[21]

CETIN M, KIRDA C. Spatial and temporal changes of soil salinity in a cotton field irrigated with low-quality water [J]. J Hydrol, 2003, 272(1/4): 238 − 249.
[22]

YAKIR D, YECHIELI Y. Plant invasion of newly exposed hypersaline Dead Sea shores [J]. Nature, 1995, 374(6525): 803 − 805.
[23]

HARSHBERGER J W. An hydrometric investigation of the influence of sea water on the distribution of salt marsh and estuarine plants [J]. Proc Am Philos Soc, 1911, 50: 457 − 496.
[24]

FLOWERS T J, COLMER T D. Salinity tolerance in halophytes [J]. New Phytol, 2008, 179(4): 945 − 963.
[25]

WEAVER J E, JEAN F C, CRIST J W. Development and Activities of Roots of Crop Plants: A Study in Crop Ecology[M]. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1922.
[26]

HUNTER A S, KELLEY O J. A new technique for studying the absorption of moisture and nutrients from soil by plant roots [J]. Soil Sci, 1946, 62(6): 441 − 450.
[27]

LUNIN J, GALLATIN M H. Zonal salinization of the root system in relation to plant growth [J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1965, 29(5): 608 − 612.
[28]

BINGHAM F T, GARBER M J. Zonal salinization of the root system with NaCl and boron in relation to growth and water uptake of corn plants [J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1970, 34(1): 122 − 126.
[29]

KIRKHAM M B, GARDNER W R, GERLOFF G C. Leaf water potential of differentially salinized plants [J]. Plant Physiol, 1969, 44(10): 1378 − 1382.
[30]

BAZIHIZINA N, COLMER T D, BARRETT-LENNARD E G. Response to non-uniform salinity in the root zone of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia: growth, photosynthesis, water relations and tissue ion concentrations [J]. Ann Bot, 2009, 104(4): 737 − 745.
[31]

ZEKRI M, PARSONS L R. Response of split-root sour orange seedlings to NaCl and polyethylene glycol stresses [J]. J Exp Bot, 1990, 41(1): 35 − 40.
[32]

KONG Xiangqiang, LUO Zhen, DONG Hezhong, et al. Effects of non-uniform root zone salinity on water use, Na+ recirculation, and Na+ and H+ flux in cotton [J]. J Exp Bot, 2012, 63(5): 2105 − 2116.
[33]

LYCOSKOUFIS I H, SAVVAS D, MAVROGIANOPOULOS G. Growth, gas exchange, and nutrient status in pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ) grown in recirculating nutrient solution as affected by salinity imposed to half of the root system [J]. Sci Hortic, 2005, 106(2): 147 − 161.
[34]

SONNEVELD C, DE KREIJ C. Response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ) to an unequal distribution of salts in the root environment [J]. Plant Soil, 1999, 209(1): 47 − 56.
[35]

MAVROGIANOPOULOS G, SAVVAS D, VOGLI V. Influence of NaCl-salinity imposed on half of the root system of hydroponically grown tomato on growth, yield, and tissue mineral composition [J]. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol, 2002, 77(5): 557 − 564.
[36]

MULHOLLAND B J, FUSSELL M, EDMONDSON R N, et al. The effect of split-root salinity stress on tomato leaf expansion, fruit yield and quality [J]. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol, 2002, 77(5): 509 − 519.
[37]

SONNEVELD C, VOOGT W. Response of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) to an unequal distribution of nutrients in the root environment [J]. Plant Soil, 1990, 124(2): 251 − 256.
[38]

TABATABAEI S J, GREGORY P J, HADLEY P. Distribution of nutrients in the root zone affects yield, quality and blossom end rot of tomato fruits [J]. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol, 2004, 79(1): 158 − 163.
[39]

MCNICKLE G G, Jr CAHILL J F. Plant root growth and the marginal value theorem [J]. PNAS, 2009, 106(12): 4747 − 4751.
[40]

SARADADEVI R, BRAMLEY H, SIDDIQUE K H M, et al. Reprint of “Contrasting stomatal regulation and leaf ABA concentrations in wheat genotypes when split root systems were exposed to terminal drought” [J]. Field Crop Res, 2014, 165: 5 − 14.
[41]

CHEN Sheng, WANG Zhenchang, GUO Xiangping, et al. Effects of vertically heterogeneous soil salinity on tomato photosynthesis and related physiological parameters [J]. Sci Hortic, 2019, 249: 120 − 130.
[42]

SUN Juanjuan, YANG Gaowen, ZHANG Wenjun, et al. Effects of heterogeneous salinity on growth, water uptake, and tissue ion concentrations of alfalfa [J]. Plant Soil, 2016, 408(1): 211 − 226.
[43]

FENG Xiaohui, AN Ping, GUO Kai, et al. Growth, root compensation and ion distribution in Lycium chinense under heterogeneous salinity stress [J]. Sci Hortic, 2017, 226: 24 − 32.
[44]

KONG Xiangqiang, LUO Zhen, DONG Hezhong, et al. H2O2 and ABA signaling are responsible for the increased Na+ efflux and water uptake in Gossypium hirsutum L. roots in the non-saline side under non-uniform root zone salinity [J]. J Exp Bot, 2016, 67(8): 2247 − 2261.
[45]

XIONG Xue, WEI Yuqi, CHEN Jihui, et al. Transcriptome analysis of genes and pathways associated with salt tolerance in alfalfa under non-uniform salt stress [J]. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2020, 151: 323 − 333.
[46]

FLEMING A J. Plant signalling: the inexorable rise of auxin [J]. Trends Cell Biol, 2006, 16(8): 397 − 402.
[47]

MURASE K, HIRANO Y, SUN Taiping, et al. Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1 [J]. Nature, 2008, 456(7221): 459 − 463.
[48]

LIU Anqi, QU Zhongyi, NACHSHON U. On the potential impact of root system size and density on salt distribution in the root zone[J/OL]. Agric Water Manage, 2020, 234: 106118[2022-01-20]. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106118.
[49]

REEF R, MARKHAM H L, SANTINI N S, et al. The response of the mangrove Avicennia marina to heterogeneous salinity measured using a split-root approach [J]. Plant Soil, 2015, 393(1): 297 − 305.
[50]

SHANI U, WAISEL Y, ESHEL A, et al. Responses to salinity of grapevine plants with split root systems [J]. New Phytol, 1993, 124(4): 695 − 701.
[51]

BAZIHIZINA N, VENEKLAAS E J, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, et al. Hydraulic redistribution: limitations for plants in saline soils [J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2017, 40(10): 2437 − 2446.
[52]

MARTORELLO A S Q, GYENGE J E, FERNANDEZ M E. Morpho-physiological response to vertically heterogeneous soil salinity of two glycophyte woody taxa, Salix matsudana × S. alba and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh [J]. Plant Soil, 2017, 416: 343 − 360.
[53]

VANDELEUR R, NIEMIETZ C, TILBROOK J, et al. Roles of aquaporins in root responses to irrigation [J]. Plant Soil, 2005, 274(1): 141 − 161.
[54]

KALDENHOFF R, FISCHER M. Functional aquaporin diversity in plants [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2006, 1758(8): 1134 − 1141.
[55]

MAUREL C, VERDOUCQ L, LUU D T, et al. Plant aquaporins: membrane channels with multiple integrated functions [J]. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2008, 59: 595 − 624.
[56]

MURIES B, FAIZE M, CARVAJAL M, et al. Identification and differential induction of the expression of aquaporins by salinity in broccoli plants [J]. Mol Biosyst, 2011, 7(4): 1322 − 1335.
[57]

MARULANDA A, AZCÓN R, CHAUMONT F, et al. Regulation of plasma membrane aquaporins by inoculation with a Bacillus megaterium strain in maize (Zea mays L. ) plants under unstressed and salt-stressed conditions [J]. Planta, 2010, 232(2): 533 − 543.
[58]

MURIES B, CARVAJAL M, MARTINEZ-BALLESTA M D C. Response of three broccoli cultivars to salt stress, in relation to water status and expression of two leaf aquaporins [J]. Planta, 2013, 237(5): 1297 − 1310.
[59]

KONG Xiangqiang, LUO Zhen, DONG Hezhong, et al. Non-uniform salinity in the root zone alleviates salt damage by increasing sodium, water and nutrient transport genes expression in cotton[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 2879[2022-02-05]. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03302-x.
[60]

KIRKHAM M B, GARDNER W R, GERLOFF G C. Stomatal conductance of differentially salinized plants [J]. Plant Physiol, 1972, 49(3): 345 − 347.
[61]

SHALHEVET J, BERNSTEIN L. Effects of vertically heterogeneous soil salinity on plant growth and water uptake [J]. Soil Sci, 1968, 106(2): 85 − 93.
[62] 孙娟娟. 紫花苜蓿幼苗对盐分空间异质性分布的响应机制[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015.

SUN Juanjuan. Mechanism of Alfafa (Medicago sativa L. ) Seedlings Response to Spatially Heterogeneous Salinity[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2015.
[63] 沈徐悦, 张浪, 陈蓉蓉, 等. 盐胁迫对望春玉兰幼苗形态和相关生理指标的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2021, 38(2): 289 − 295.

SHEN Xuyue, ZHANG Lang, CHEN Rongrong, et al. Effect of NaCl stress on the morphology and related physiological indexes of Magnolia biondii seedlings [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2021, 38(2): 289 − 295.
[64] 左照江, 张汝民, 高岩. 盐胁迫下植物细胞离子流变化的研究进展[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2014, 31(5): 805 − 811.

ZUO Zhaojiang, ZHANG Rumin, GAO Yan. Advances in plant cell ion flux with salt stress: a review [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2014, 31(5): 805 − 811.
[65] 刘丽娟, 李小玉. 干旱区土壤盐分积累过程研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(3): 891 − 898.

LIU Lijuan, LI Xiaoyu. Progress in the study of soil salt accumulation in arid region [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2019, 38(3): 891 − 898.