Volume 40 Issue 3
May  2023
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BAO Jie, JIANG Feng, MA Jiawei, XU Yan, MA Yuanrui, CHEN Chuwen, YE Zhengqian, LIU Dan. CiteSpace visualization analysis of urban green space soil research literature[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(3): 685-694. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210624
Citation: BAO Jie, JIANG Feng, MA Jiawei, XU Yan, MA Yuanrui, CHEN Chuwen, YE Zhengqian, LIU Dan. CiteSpace visualization analysis of urban green space soil research literature[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(3): 685-694. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210624

CiteSpace visualization analysis of urban green space soil research literature

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210624
  • Received Date: 2021-09-08
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-07-08
  • Available Online: 2023-05-22
  • Publish Date: 2023-05-20
  •   Objective  The quality of urban green space soil is directly related to the ecological benefits and functions of cities. This study sorts out and summarizes the research focus and future development direction of urban green space soil in China by analyzing the Chinese and English literatures.   Method  The literatures on urban green space soil from 2012−2021 in the core databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science were searched, and CiteSpace visual analysis software was used to elucidate the key contents and dynamic development of this research area in terms of the number of publication quantity, distribution of countries and institutions, representative figures and hot topics, research focus, research development trend and frontier.   Result  In the past 10 years, 1107 literatures were published in the field of urban green space soil research and most of them were in Chinese. Among the academic institutions, Chinese Academy of Sciences had the largest quantity of publications. Domestic researches mainly focused on soil quality evaluation, with hot topics changing from soil fertility quality to soil pollution, and eventually to soil improvement and restoration. Foreign researches mainly focused on the ecosystem service function of urban green space soil, with hot topics changing from solving urban ecological environment problems to proposing green space maintenance management strategies, and finally to improving urban ecological environment benefits. The research frontiers focused on heavy metal pollution and urban green space ecosystem.   Conclusion  The research focuses of Chinese and English literatures on urban green space soil are different. Chinese literatures pay more attention to the quality of urban green space soil, which is related to national policies, urban development, and ecological environmental protection. English literatures focus more on the urban green space ecosystem, which may be related to climate change, green infrastructure construction, ecological and environmental benefits, etc. [Ch, 3 fig. 5 tab. 58 ref.]
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    [20] XuCuihua, HeFuji, XuErna.  Analysis on Research Literature of Forest Tree Breeding. . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1996, 13(1): 112-115.
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CiteSpace visualization analysis of urban green space soil research literature

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210624

Abstract:   Objective  The quality of urban green space soil is directly related to the ecological benefits and functions of cities. This study sorts out and summarizes the research focus and future development direction of urban green space soil in China by analyzing the Chinese and English literatures.   Method  The literatures on urban green space soil from 2012−2021 in the core databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science were searched, and CiteSpace visual analysis software was used to elucidate the key contents and dynamic development of this research area in terms of the number of publication quantity, distribution of countries and institutions, representative figures and hot topics, research focus, research development trend and frontier.   Result  In the past 10 years, 1107 literatures were published in the field of urban green space soil research and most of them were in Chinese. Among the academic institutions, Chinese Academy of Sciences had the largest quantity of publications. Domestic researches mainly focused on soil quality evaluation, with hot topics changing from soil fertility quality to soil pollution, and eventually to soil improvement and restoration. Foreign researches mainly focused on the ecosystem service function of urban green space soil, with hot topics changing from solving urban ecological environment problems to proposing green space maintenance management strategies, and finally to improving urban ecological environment benefits. The research frontiers focused on heavy metal pollution and urban green space ecosystem.   Conclusion  The research focuses of Chinese and English literatures on urban green space soil are different. Chinese literatures pay more attention to the quality of urban green space soil, which is related to national policies, urban development, and ecological environmental protection. English literatures focus more on the urban green space ecosystem, which may be related to climate change, green infrastructure construction, ecological and environmental benefits, etc. [Ch, 3 fig. 5 tab. 58 ref.]

BAO Jie, JIANG Feng, MA Jiawei, XU Yan, MA Yuanrui, CHEN Chuwen, YE Zhengqian, LIU Dan. CiteSpace visualization analysis of urban green space soil research literature[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(3): 685-694. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210624
Citation: BAO Jie, JIANG Feng, MA Jiawei, XU Yan, MA Yuanrui, CHEN Chuwen, YE Zhengqian, LIU Dan. CiteSpace visualization analysis of urban green space soil research literature[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(3): 685-694. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210624
  • 城市绿地是以土壤为基质,以自然和人工植被为主体,以人类干扰为特征,并与微生物和动物群落协同共生的人工生态系统,具有重要的生态意义和环境价值,维护着城市生态系统的平衡[12]。近年来,城市化进程加快,人为扰动严重,农业和林业土壤被大量占用,给土地造成严重污染,使得城市绿地在土壤物理、化学性质及生物学特性等方面都发生了显著变化[34]。国内研究发现:城市绿地土壤存在来源复杂、养分较少、土体层次混乱、压实严重、通气性差、污染严重的问题,使植物根系呼吸和下扎受阻,影响植物生长发育以及城市环境生态效益和景观功能[5]。国外对于城市绿地的关注较早,聚焦于城市土壤污染、生物多样性、气候变化及生态系统服务功能等方面[6]。为了全面了解城市绿地土壤研究文献的变化趋势,本研究总结了国内外城市绿地土壤研究领域的代表文献、研究热点,进行可视化分析,并系统综述了近10 a来的主要研究内容,以期为中国城市绿地土壤的研究和建设提供借鉴。

    • 中文文献以中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)为数据源,扩大检索范围将检索条件定为“主题=绿地土壤”,检索年限设定为2012—2021年,进行高级精确检索,经过人工筛选,将其中重复及与城市绿地土壤相关性不大的文献剔除,共检索到文献557篇。在科学网(Web of Science,WoS)核心数据库中,以主题TS=[(Urban Soil AND Greenbelt) OR (Soil AND Green Space) OR (Park Green Space AND Soil) OR (Greenfield AND Soil Evaluation)] AND 文献类型=(Article OR Review) AND语言=(English) 开展检索,检索年限设定为2012—2021年,学科主要选取“Environmental Science” OR “Geosciences Multidisciplinary” OR “Ecology” OR “Environmental Studies” OR “Plant Sciences” OR “Water Resources” OR “Soil Science” OR “Urban Studies” OR“Forestry”AND “Green Sustainable Science Technology”,共检索到文献550篇。采用CiteSpace 5.7.R5W对前50位的文献数据的关键词、作者、国家/地区和机构进行可视化分析。

    • 表1可见:自CJ/T 340—2011《绿化种植土》颁布以来,北京、上海、重庆、广州等城市开展了绿地土壤调研工作,并出台了当地的种植土质量规范[7],因此发文量有所增加,其中,2018和2019年发文量较多,分别为79和77篇。从国家政策层面来看,从2017年党的十九大提出“加快生态文明体制改革,建设美丽中国”,到2019年实施《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》,政策制度不断完善,说明国家日益重视土壤污染管控、土壤生态保护及修复。英文发文量呈现整体上升的趋势。

      年份中文文
      献/篇
      英文文
      献/篇
      年份中文文
      献/篇
      英文文
      献/篇
      2012522820175134
      2013593320187962
      2014404020197782
      20155338202058104
      2016554520213384

      Table 1.  Annual quantities of Chinese and English literatures

    • 表2可见:2012—2021年,从WoS核心数据库中获取的城市绿地土壤研究文献中,中国发文量位列第一,高达131篇,其次是美国、澳大利亚、德国、意大利等。从发文机构的中心性来看,中国科学院的中心性最高。中国对城市绿地土壤研究领域的关注度较高,具有较强的国际学术影响力。

      排名国家发文
      量/篇
      排名机构发文
      量/篇
      中心性
      1中国  1311中国科学院 600.21
      2美国  932莫纳什大学 80.07
      3澳大利亚373北京师范大学150.06
      4德国  344墨尔本大学 70.05
      5意大利 295赫尔辛基大学80.04

      Table 2.  Top 5 countries and institutions

    • 表3可知:中文文献发文量排名前5位的作者主要研究内容是城市绿地土壤理化性质、土壤质量分析、绿化废弃物的利用、土壤重金属污染[819]。华南农业大学卢瑛[2021]、沈阳农业大学的边振兴[22]和上海市园林科学研究所的张琪[23]发表的文章被引频次超过100次。被引频次高的文献主要涉及城市绿地土壤的养分特征,肥力质量评价,土壤改良和重金属污染等研究,侧面反映了国内对城市绿地土壤的研究热点和重点。

      排名作者姓名作者机构发文数/篇研究内容
      1 方海兰 上海市园林科学研究所   15 绿地土壤质量[8]、绿化废弃物[9]
      2 梁晶  上海市园林科学研究所   14 绿化废弃物堆肥处理[10],绿地土壤安全的技术利用[11]
      3 伍海兵 上海市园林科学研究所   14 绿地土壤物理性质及肥力质量评价[1216]
      4 朱本国 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 14 绿地土壤铅积累情况[18],质量分析和改良建议[17]
      5 胡艳燕 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 13 绿地土壤重金属含量分布特征及评价[19]

      Table 3.  Top 5 quantity of Chinese literature authors and their professional field

      表4可知:英文文献发文量排名前5位的作者主要研究内容是城市绿地土壤污染、物种多样性、微生物等[2428]。CAMERON等[29]、LIVESLEY等[30]、COUTTS等[31]、KABISCH等[32]和BRAAKER等[33]发表文献被引频次超过100次,最高达到277次。高被引文献研究主题为生态系统服务、绿色基础设施、城市小气候、花园和绿色屋顶构建及其功能,反映了城市绿地土壤研究的热点和重点。

      排名作者姓名作者机构发文数/篇研究内容
      1 CHEN Weiping 中国科学院 6 不同植被覆盖的城市绿地中多环芳烃(PAHs)的土壤积累[24]
      2 LI Jing 北京清华同恒城市规划设计 6 土壤特征对物种多样性的影响[25]
      3 BREED M F 阿德莱德大学 5 人类—环境—微生物相互作用[26]
      4 REN Yuan 中国科学院城市环境研究所 5 物种多样性的影响[27]
      5 WEINSTEIN P 阿德莱德大学环境研究所 5 人类—环境—微生物相互作用[26],微生物群重组作为增加城市
      生物多样性暴露的机制[28]

      Table 4.  Top 5 quantity of English literature authors and their professional field

    • CiteSpace对论文关键词的共现分析能体现出文献的关注领域。中文文献关于城市绿地土壤的研究,主要围绕土壤肥力、土壤理化性质、重金属污染评价等展开(图1)。土壤肥力是土壤质量状况的综合反映,可通过单项指标评价和综合评价对土壤质量全面解析。张明等[34]收集了中国32个城市绿地土壤的9项理化指标数据,得出土壤碱性化趋势明显,城市绿地土壤肥力状况待改善。土壤重金属污染评价是根据不同尺度选用合适的评价方法和模型分析该区域的污染程度,如单因子指数评价法[3536]、内梅罗综合污染指数法[37]、模糊综合评价法[38]、地质累积指数法[39]、潜在生态危害指数法[37, 39]、污染负荷指数法[4041] 、综合指数评价法[41]、灰色聚类法等。谢贤健等[42]利用单因子污染指数法、GIS 技术结合投影寻踪模型评估了研究区不同土地利用方式下表层土壤铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)的污染特征及其空间污染程度。张俊叶等[43]使用物元可拓模型法,计算单指标关联度、多指标综合关联度和等级评定。

      Figure 1.  Keywords co-occurrence map of Chinese and English literatures

      图1可以看出:英文文献的关键词主要有生态系统服务、生物多样性、植被。在城市绿地生态系统服务研究中,高频被引文献围绕着城市土壤与人类健康[44]、城市绿地对径流调节[45]和土壤重金属积累的影响[46]等方面展开。除此之外,英文文献在可持续绿化和绿色基础设施方面[47]的发展值得学习。JIM[48]提出了可持续的绿化战略,加强绿地树木和行道树维护,充分利用可种植资源,创新公共政策和绿化技术,形成覆盖全城的绿色网络。ŁOPUCKI等[49]通过多功能绿色基础设施的参与式规划过程,为城市提供生态系统服务的策略,如植物生物多样性、微气候控制、土壤渗透、碳固存、视觉质量、娱乐和社会资本等。在城市绿地生物多样性研究中,TRESCH等[50]调查发现:植物物种丰富度增加,使土壤动物物种和微生物丰富度增加,从而对凋落物分解产生积极影响。文献从多角度分析城市生物多样性的影响因素,如绿地管理和维护[51]、城市建筑高度和密度、土壤微生物群落和功能[52]、植物和土壤相互作用等。

    • 图2可见:中文文献研究从重金属、综合评价、海绵城市等聚类节点展开。英文文献研究方向主要是城市生态、城市气候、城市土壤、归一化植被指数、土壤理化性质等聚类。可见文献围绕城市绿地土壤特性对城市绿地生态系统的影响,着眼于土壤重金属污染、植被覆盖和土壤蓄渗能力等研究。LIU等[53]研究发现:同一季节不同类型的城市绿地土壤中的重金属含量差异较大。城市绿地为减缓径流提供了巨大的潜力,植被覆盖可提高雨水入渗率,土壤渗透速率随堆积密度的增加而降低[45, 54]。近几年来,许多英文文献阐述了绿色基础设施建设、自然气候、植被生长和人为活动等因素对土壤特征的影响,包含绿色屋顶、雨水循环利用、植被蒸腾等方面,反映出的内容更丰富。2012—2021年,重金属、齐齐哈尔、污染评价等关键词突现强度高,该阶段土壤污染问题受重视,近3 a主要关注重金属污染和土壤改良问题(表5)。

      Figure 2.  Cluster analysis distribution of key words of Chinese and English literatures

      中文文献关键词突现前10位(2012—2021)英文文献关键词突现前10位(2012—2021)
      排名关键词突现时间突现强度排名关键词突现时间突现强度
      1 重金属 2018—2019 3.35 1 效益(benefit) 2017—2019 3.87
      2 齐齐哈尔 2015—2017 2.83 2 蒸腾(evapotranspiration) 2019—2021 3.79
      3 污染评价 2016—2018 2.50 3 中国(China) 2017—2018 3.64
      4 重金属污染 2019—2020 2.36 4 树(tree) 2012—2013 3.21
      5 土壤质量 2014—2015 2.28 5 有机碳(organic carbon) 2014—2016 2.93
      6 城市土壤 2014—2016 2.07 6 人口(population) 2012—2013 2.79
      7 土壤改良 2019—2021 2.07 7 景观(landscape) 2013—2016 2.79
      8 土壤呼吸 2012—2014 2.01 8 设计(design) 2015—2018 2.73
      9 土壤温度 2013—2016 1.90 9 城市生态(urban ecology) 2013—2016 2.60
      10 园林绿化 2012—2014 1.86 10 温度(temperature) 2013—2016 2.45

      Table 5.  Summary of top 10 key words of Chinese and English literatures

      图3可见:①2012—2014年重点是土壤肥力、土壤理化性质、综合评价、重金属污染,侧重对城市绿地土壤理化和生物特性的分析评价;②2015—2017年,研究内容细化,区分不同类型绿地(公园、住宅小区、园林绿地)的土壤理化特性分析评价,其中主成分分析法运用较多;③2018—2021年,从空间变异角度分析城市绿地土壤污染特征并评价,即从污染源出发(源解析),分析污染物类型(重金属、多环芳烃),最后进行生态风险评价。

      Figure 3.  Time zone map of key words of Chinese and English literatures

      英文文献中,2012—2021年突现强度高的关键词是效益、蒸腾,主要关注绿地与社会效益以及与城市环境的关系,对城市绿地蒸腾、降温[48]等方面的研究有所增加。其中,2017—2018年中国在城市绿地土壤领域的研究处于突出位置(表5)。英文文献也可分为2012—2014年、2015—2017年、2018—2021年3个阶段(图3)。第1阶段基本涵盖城市绿地土壤领域的热点,集中在“生态系统服务”“生物多样性”“影响”“城市化”等4个方面。早期研究大多是关于城市居民健康水平及生活质量的提升[55],随着城市化进程加快以及城市气候环境改变,研究重点转向解决城市生态环境问题[56]。第2阶段的关键内容是“分类”“土壤改良”“空间”“效益”,绿地发展阶段演变及新技术涌现,针对绿地管理和维护开展了大量研究[57]。第3阶段的高频词是“重金属”“心理健康”“绿色”,综合探讨了绿地与城市社会、环境、居民整体效益的关系及对生态系统服务功能的影响。研究表明:增加公园绿地有利于提升城市环境质量[58]。第1阶段和第2阶段是从生态学角度探索城市绿地土壤与生态系统服务之间的关系,并寻求合适的解决方法。第3阶段学者们转向对环境污染与治理以及人类健康与绿色空间的相互关系等研究。

    • 本研究表明:城市绿地土壤中英文文献的研究重点不同,中文文献更关注城市绿地土壤质量,主要研究土壤理化性质、土壤肥力、土壤改良、综合质量评价和土壤重金属污染等,对城市土壤质量进行空间分析及评价,提出土壤改良建议,美化城市环境。而英文文献更关注城市绿地生态系统,主要研究生态系统服务、生物多样性、森林、绿色基础设施和土壤重金属污染等,研究多因素(植物、动物及微生物)间相互影响以及生态系统服务价值,提升社会、环境、人居这三方面的整体效益,更好地为人们提供适宜的生活环境。

      今后,国内研究者应重点关注城市绿地土壤与城市生态系统之间的相互关系;对城市绿地土壤质量的量化评价需要增加物理学、化学、生物学、污染、植物等方面的指标;定期检测各项土壤质量指标,利用大数据精密监控城市绿地土壤环境,实行数字智能化管理。

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