Volume 40 Issue 1
Jan.  2023
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ZHOU Junjie, WANG Yiguang, DONG Bin, ZHAO Hongbo. Cloning and expression characterization of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB gene promoters in Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(1): 64-71. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220110
Citation: ZHOU Junjie, WANG Yiguang, DONG Bin, ZHAO Hongbo. Cloning and expression characterization of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB gene promoters in Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(1): 64-71. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220110

Cloning and expression characterization of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB gene promoters in Osmanthus fragrans

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220110
  • Received Date: 2022-01-10
  • Accepted Date: 2022-08-16
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-07-10
  • Available Online: 2022-10-10
  • Publish Date: 2023-01-17
  •   Objective  This paper aims to investigate the regulation of high temperature and abscisic acid (ABA) on promoters of three carotenoid biosynthesis genes in Osmanthus fragrans including PSY, PDS, HYB, providing the research foundation for regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in O. fragrans.   Method  According to the sequences in genome database of O. fragrans, promoters of OfPSY, OfPDS, OfHYB were cloned from an O. fragrans cultivar ‘Yanhong Gui’, which were used for bioinformatics analysis. Then, these promoters were inserted into PCAMBIA3301-LUC vectors and used for transient expression in tobacco(Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves under treatments of high temperature (37 ℃) and 200 mg·L−1ABA.   Result  Our research cloned the promoter of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB from genomic database of O. fragrans in length as 1908 bp, 1521 bp and 1830 bp respectively. All three promoters contain promoter basic elements TATA-box and CAAT-box, light response element, ABA response element as well as the binding site of MYB and MYC. Moreover, there was gibberellins (GA) response element in OfPSYP; OfPDSP contains methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and GA response element, pathogen induction element as well as element involved in defense and stress responsiveness; OfHYBP contains hormone response elements as auxin, ethylene and MeJA, as well as low temperature response element and pathogen induction element. The assays of in transient expression in tobacco leaves showed that relative high temperature can activate the promoter activities of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB, and ABA can activate the promoter activities of OfPDS and OfHYB.   Conclusion  High temperature and ABA probably affect the carotenoid accumulation in O. fragrans by regulating the promoter activities of carotenoid biosynthesis genes. [Ch, 4 fig. 5 tab. 28 ref.]
  • [1] ZHANG Yao, WANG Jiaxuan, CAI Xuan, ZENG Xiangling, YANG Jie, CHEN Hongguo, ZOU Jingjing.  Identification and expression of OfACOs gene family in Osmanthus fragrans . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(3): 492-501. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220783
    [2] HONG Fanglei, LU Yao, YU Shijiao, HU Zhinuo, MIAO Yunfeng, ZHONG Shiwei, ZHAO Hongbo.  Cloning and expression analysis of OfABFs gene in Osmanthus fragrans . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(3): 481-491. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220264
    [3] MIAO Yunfeng, ZHOU Dan, DONG Bin, ZHAO Hongbo.  Identification and expression analysis of OfNAC transcription factors in Osmanthus fragrans during flower opening stage . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2021, 38(3): 433-444. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200474
    [4] XIANG Yuyong, SUN Xing, YIN Peifeng.  Effects of host plants and temperatures on digestive enzyme activities in Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga larvae . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2020, 37(2): 311-318. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2020.02.016
    [5] JIANG Qini, FU Jianxin, ZHANG Chao, DONG Bin, ZHAO Hongbo.  cDNA cloning and expression analysis of OfAP1 in Osmanthus fragrans . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(4): 664-669. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.04.005
    [6] WANG Qianqian, JIANG Qini, FU Jianxin, DONG Bin, ZHAO Hongbo.  Screening reference genes of Osmanthus fragrans with differing photoperiod and temperature treatments . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(5): 928-934. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2019.05.011
    [7] ZHANG Yong, HU Haibo, WANG Zeng, HUANG Yujie, LÜ Aihua, ZHANG Jinchi, LIU Shenglong.  Varieties of active soil organic carbon of four forest types with varying incubation temperatures in Fengyang Mountain . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(2): 243-251. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.02.007
    [8] LIU Yucheng, WANG Yiguang, ZHANG Chao, DONG Bin, FU Jianxin, HU Shaoqing, ZHAO Hongbo.  Cloning and transient expression assay of OfCCD1 gene promoters from Osmanthus fragrans . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(4): 596-603. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.04.003
    [9] WANG Ying, ZHANG Chao, FU Jianxin, ZHAO Hongbo.  Progresses on flower bud differentiation and flower opening in Osmanthus fragrans . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2016, 33(2): 340-347. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.02.021
    [10] NGUYEN Thi Huong Giang, ZHANG Qisheng.  Temperature inside mats of high-frequency, hot pressed, glued and laminated bamboo . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2015, 32(2): 167-172. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2015.02.001
    [11] YANG Xiu-lian, HAO QI-mei.  Dormancy and germination of Osmanthus fragrans seeds . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2010, 27(2): 272-276. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.02.018
    [12] CAI Xuan, SU Fan, JIN He-xian, YAO Chong-huai, WANG Cai-yun.  Components and extraction methods for petal pigments of Osmanthus fragrans ‘Siji Gui’ . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2010, 27(4): 559-564. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.04.014
    [13] CHANG Bing-hua, HUYong-hong, XUYe-gen, ZHANG Qiu-xing, ZHANG Wan-li.  Ultrastructures of petal surface of Osmanthus fragrans cultivars . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2007, 24(5): 533-537.
    [14] LI Xiao-ping, ZHOUDing-guo.  Influence of temperature on physical and chemical properties of rice straw . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2007, 24(5): 528-532.
    [15] HU Shao-qing, XUAN Zi-can, ZHOU Xu-lang, WU Guang-hong.  Taxon and clear of Osmanthus fragrans cultivars in Hangzhou . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2006, 23(2): 179-187.
    [16] ZHOU Yuan, YAO Chong-huai, WANG Cai-yun.  Study on selecting cut-flower cultivars of Osmanthus fragrans . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2006, 23(6): 660-663.
    [17] SU Ming-shen, YE Zheng-wen, WU Yu-liang, LI Sheng-yuan, QIAN Jin, ZHANG Jun-qiang.  Effect of temperature on breaking dormancy of peach cultivars . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2005, 22(1): 12-15.
    [18] WU Guang-hong, HU Shao-qing, XUAN Zi-can, XIANG Qi-bai.  Standard of classification and application of sweet Osmanthus . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2004, 21(3): 281-284.
    [19] XIANG Wen-hua, TIAN Da-lun, YAN Wen-de, LUO Yong.  Photosynthetic responses of Quercus fabri leaves to increase in CO2 concentration and temperature . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2004, 21(3): 247-253.
    [20] Chen Guorui Li Tianyou, Yu Yiwu, Jian Qiuyi, .  Effect of Broadleaved Evergreen Forest in Hangzhou on Temperature and Humidity in the Forest . Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 1994, 11(2): 151-158.
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Cloning and expression characterization of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB gene promoters in Osmanthus fragrans

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220110

Abstract:   Objective  This paper aims to investigate the regulation of high temperature and abscisic acid (ABA) on promoters of three carotenoid biosynthesis genes in Osmanthus fragrans including PSY, PDS, HYB, providing the research foundation for regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in O. fragrans.   Method  According to the sequences in genome database of O. fragrans, promoters of OfPSY, OfPDS, OfHYB were cloned from an O. fragrans cultivar ‘Yanhong Gui’, which were used for bioinformatics analysis. Then, these promoters were inserted into PCAMBIA3301-LUC vectors and used for transient expression in tobacco(Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves under treatments of high temperature (37 ℃) and 200 mg·L−1ABA.   Result  Our research cloned the promoter of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB from genomic database of O. fragrans in length as 1908 bp, 1521 bp and 1830 bp respectively. All three promoters contain promoter basic elements TATA-box and CAAT-box, light response element, ABA response element as well as the binding site of MYB and MYC. Moreover, there was gibberellins (GA) response element in OfPSYP; OfPDSP contains methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and GA response element, pathogen induction element as well as element involved in defense and stress responsiveness; OfHYBP contains hormone response elements as auxin, ethylene and MeJA, as well as low temperature response element and pathogen induction element. The assays of in transient expression in tobacco leaves showed that relative high temperature can activate the promoter activities of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB, and ABA can activate the promoter activities of OfPDS and OfHYB.   Conclusion  High temperature and ABA probably affect the carotenoid accumulation in O. fragrans by regulating the promoter activities of carotenoid biosynthesis genes. [Ch, 4 fig. 5 tab. 28 ref.]

ZHOU Junjie, WANG Yiguang, DONG Bin, ZHAO Hongbo. Cloning and expression characterization of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB gene promoters in Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(1): 64-71. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220110
Citation: ZHOU Junjie, WANG Yiguang, DONG Bin, ZHAO Hongbo. Cloning and expression characterization of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB gene promoters in Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(1): 64-71. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220110
  • 类胡萝卜素是一种亲脂类异戊二烯,是一种自然界中广泛存在的生物色素,主要反射黄色、橙色和红色的光[1]。在植物器官中,类胡萝卜素在质体中的积累对吸收过量光能、清除活性氧、合成植物激素提供前体物质都起重要的作用[2]。八氢番茄红素合成酶(phytoene synthase, PSY)是类胡萝卜素合成途径中的第1个限速酶,它的作用是将2分子的香叶酰香叶酰二磷酸(geranylgeranyl diphosphate,GGPP)合成无色的八氢番茄红素[3]。随后,八氢番茄红素经过包括八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(phytoene desaturase,PDS)在内的4次去饱和反应和2次异构化反应的多顺式转化,最终生成红色的全反式番茄红素[4]。而β-羟化酶(β-carotene hydroxylase,HYB)既可以单独作用使β-胡萝卜素经羟化作用转化为紫黄质,也可与ε-羟化酶(ε-carotene hydroxylase,HYE)协同作用使α-胡萝卜素经羟化作用形成叶黄素[5]。桂花Osmanthus fragrans是重要的观赏植物,花色和花香是其主要观赏性状。已有研究发现:类胡萝卜素既是桂花花瓣中主要色素成分[6],也是桂花香气物质的前体物质[7]。目前已在多种植物中发现,植物器官中的类胡萝卜素含量及相关基因的表达水平受到多种因素的影响,如温度[8]、光照[9]、干旱胁迫[10]、乙烯[11]等。前期研究[12]发现:在200 mg·L−1脱落酸处理下,桂花花色明显加深,花瓣类胡萝卜素含量上升,类胡萝卜素合成关键基因OfPSYOfPDSOfHYB表达水平显著上调。相关基因在前人的研究中均已克隆到[13-15],但对其调控的作用机制仍知之甚少。基因的启动子作为上游调控因子识别并结合的部位,是基因表达调控的重要作用位点。为进一步揭示桂花花色形成及其调控的分子机制,本研究克隆了OfPSYOfPDSOfHYB基因的启动子,通过作用元件分析、表达载体构建和瞬时表达分析,初步明确其作用。

    • 8~10年生丹桂品种‘堰虹桂’Osmanthus fragrans‘Yanhong Gui’栽植于浙江农林大学桂花资源圃;烟草Nicotiana benthamiana栽培于浙江农林大学园林植物实验室。

    • DNA提取试剂盒、Premix Taq聚合酶、质粒载体PMD18-T、大肠埃希菌Escherichia coli DH5α、切胶回收试剂盒、DNA片段纯化试剂盒、限制性内切酶EcoR Ⅰ、Nco Ⅰ、DNA连接酶等购自Takara公司(大连)。

    • 参照DNA提取试剂盒所用方法提取桂花‘堰虹桂’基因组DNA。

    • 根据桂花基因组数据[16]中的OfPSYOfPDSOfHYB基因启动子序列,用Primer Premier 5.0分别设计上下游引物。引物由有康生物公司(杭州)合成(表1)。

      引物名称序列(5′→3′)
      OfPDSP-F TTAAATGGACGACTCATGTAATA
      OfPDSP-R CTCAAATTAACAGCAGAAACAT
      OfPSYP-F AAGCTTCAAAATTGCTGCTCAACTCATAC
      OfPSYP-R TCTAGAGCTGATACTGAACTATTAACGGTC
      OfHYBP-F AAGCTTTGGGTCTTACCTAACATCTTGGC
      OfHYBP-R TCTAGAGGACGGTAGTTTCAAGGGGGTG

      Table 1.  Primers used for promoter cloning

    • 以桂花‘堰虹桂’基因组DNA为模板,分别用引物OfPSYP-F和OfPSYP-R、OfPDSP-F和OfPDSP-R、OfHYBP-F和OfHYBP-R对其启动子进行扩增。将扩增产物连接至质粒载体PMD18-T并转化大肠埃希菌DH5α,随后鉴定阳性克隆并送至有康公司(杭州)测序。启动子作用元件分析通过在线网站Plant CARE (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/)进行。

    • 设计包含酶切位点的引物(表2),用于构建启动子表达载体。使用限制性内切酶EcoR Ⅰ和Nco Ⅰ分别对PCAMBIA3301-LUC载体和添加了酶切位点的启动子进行双酶切。用T4连接酶连接回收的启动子和载体片段。再经转化大肠埃希菌DH5α鉴定,得到重组的PSYP::LUC、PDSP::LUC、HYBP::LUC载体。再将重组质粒转化农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101。

      引物名称序列(5′→3′)
      OfPDSP-F GGTACCTTAAATGGACGACTCATGTAATA
      OfPDSP-R CCATGGCTCAAATTAACAGCAGAAACAT
      OfPSYP-F GGTACCAAGCTTCAAAATTGCTGCTCAACTCATAC
      OfPSYP-R CCATGGTCTAGAGCTGATACTGAACTATTAACGGTC
      OfHYBP-F GGTACCAAGCTTTGGGTCTTACCTAACATCTTGGC
      OfHYBP-R CCATGGTCTAGAGGACGGTAGTTTCAAGGGGGTG

      Table 2.  Primers used to construct PCAMBIA3301-LUC vector

    • 将含有重组质粒的农杆菌菌液在含有利福平和卡那霉素的LB培养基中振荡培养至D(600)达0.8~1.0,在4 ℃下以4 000 r·min−1离心10 min,收集菌体,随后以2 mL含10 mmol·L−1MES、10 mmol·L−1 MgCl2和150 μmol·L−1的乙酰丁香酮的悬浮液重悬菌体2次。选取长势较好的烟草,将悬浮液用1 mL注射器从叶片下表皮注射到烟草叶片中直至整个叶片呈现水渍状。将烟草置于暗处培养1 d后转移至人工气候室继续培养1~2 d,随后将植株分别进行37 ℃处理和200 mg·L−1脱落酸喷施处理,12 h后将注射后的叶片取下,喷洒1 mmol·L−1的荧光素钠盐溶液,暗处放置5 min后在CCD冷冻发光仪下观察LUC荧光信号。参考Luciferase (Promega)荧光素酶报告系统试剂盒对酶活性进行检测,以对照组的比值为单位1,得到不同处理组的相对Luciferase活性,每组实验均包括3次技术重复和生物学重复。利用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据差异分析。

    • 以桂花‘堰虹桂’基因组DNA为模板,用引物OfPSYP-F和OfPSYP-R、OfPDSP-F和OfPDSP-R、OfHYBP-F和OfHYBP-R对其启动子进行扩增,分别得到OfPSY启动子长度为1 908 bp (图1),OfPDS启动子长度为1521 bp (图2),OfHYB启动子长度为1 830 bp (图3)的序列。利用Plant CARE在线软件对启动子序列的结合位点进行分析。在OfPSYP中,存在TATA-box、CAAT-box等启动子基本元件,和光响应元件、脱落酸(ABA)响应元件、赤霉素响应元件等响应元件,以及MYB、MYC结合位点(表3);在OfPDSP中,存在TATA-box、CAAT-box等启动子基本元件,和脱落酸响应元件、茉莉酸甲酯响应元件、赤霉素响应元件、光响应元件、厌氧诱导型元件、防御和胁迫响应元件等响应元件,以及MYB、MYC结合位点(表4);在OfHYBP中,存在TATA-box、CAAT-box等启动子基本元件,和脱落酸响应元件、生长素响应元件、低温响应元件、乙烯响应元件、茉莉酸甲酯响应元件、光响应元件、厌氧诱导型元件等响应元件,以及MYB、MYC结合位点(表5)。

      Figure 1.  Promoter sequence of OfPSY gene

      Figure 2.  Promoter sequence of OfPDS gene

      Figure 3.  Promoter sequence of OfHYB gene

      元件名称数量序列(5′→3′)功能
      AAGAA-motif 1 GTAAAGAAA
      ABRE 1 ACGTG 脱落酸响应元件
      Box 4 1 ATTAAT 参与光响应的部分保守DNA序列
      CAAT-box 20 CAAT 一般元件
      G-box 1 TACGTG 光响应元件
      GARE-motif 1 TCTGTTG 赤霉素响应元件
      GT1-motif 1 GGTTAAT 光响应元件
      MYB 1 TAACCA MYB 结合位点
      MYC 1 CATGTG MYC 结合位点
      P-box 1 CCTTTTG 赤霉素响应元件
      STRE 1 AGGGG
      TATA-box 14 TATA 一般元件
      TCT-motif 1 TCTTAC 光响应元件的一部分
      Unnamed_1 1 CGTGG

      Table 3.  Cis-acting elements in OfPSY promoters

      元件名称数量序列(5′→3′)功能
      ARE 3 AAACCA 厌氧诱导相关的顺式调节元件
      AT~TATA-box 1 TATATA 一般元件
      Box 4 1 ATTAAT 参与光响应的部分保守
      DNA序列
      CAAT-box 21 CAAT 一般元件
      CCGTCC motif 1 CCGTCC
      CGTCA-motif 1 CGTCA 茉莉酸甲酯响应元件
      G-box 1 TACGTG 光响应元件
      GA-motif 1 ATAGATAA 光响应元件
      MBS 2 CAACTG MYB 结合位点
      MYB 1 TAACCA MYB 结合位点
      MYC 1 CATGTG MYC 结合位点
      P-box 2 CCTTTTG 赤霉素响应元件
      TATA-box 9 TATA 一般元件
      TC-rich repeats 1 ATTCTCTAAC 参与防御和胁迫的元件
      TCT-motif 3 TCTTAC 光响应元件的一部分
      Unnamed_1 1 CGTGG
      Unnamed_4 4 CTCC
      WRE3 1 CCACCT

      Table 4.  Cis-acting elements in OfPDS promoters

      元件名称数量序列(5′→3′)功能元件名称数量序列(5′→3′)功能
      ARE 2 AAACCA 厌氧诱导相关的顺式调节元件GT1-motif 2 GGTTAA 光响应元件
      A-box 1 CCGTCC 顺势调控元件Gap-box 1 CAAATGAA 光响应元件的一部分
      ABRE 4 ACGTG 脱落酸响应元件LTR 1 CCGAAA 低温响应元件
      AE-box 1 AGAAACTT 光响应元件的一部分MYC 1 CATGTG MYC结合位点
      AT~TATA-box 1 TATATA 一般元件Myb 1 TAACTG MYB结合位点
      AuxRR-core 1 GGTCCAT 生长素响应元件TATA 1 TATAAAAT 一般元件
      CAAT-box 20 CAAT 一般元件TATA-box 6 TATA 一般元件
      CCGTCC motif 1 CCGTCC TCCC-motif 1 TCTCCCT 光响应元件的一部分
      CGTCA-motif 1 CGTCA 茉莉酸甲酯响应元件TCT-motif 2 TCTTAC 光响应元件的一部分
      ERE 1 ATTTTAAA 乙烯响应元件Unnamed_1 1 GAATTTAATTAA 60K蛋白质结合位点
      G-box 2 TACGTG 光响应元件的一部分Unnamed_4 9 CTCC
      G-Box 1 CACGTT 光响应元件的一部分WRE3 1 CCACCT
      GC-motif 1 CCCCCG 参与缺氧特异性诱导的元件

      Table 5.  Cis-acting elements in OfHYB promoters

    • 重组载体瞬时表达的荧光成像结果显示:注射了含重组载体农杆菌的烟草叶片均显现出荧光(图4),表明OfPSYPOfPDSPOfHYBP均能够驱动LUC报告基因的表达,具有启动子活性。相对于25 ℃处理的烟草叶片,在37 ℃处理下,注射了OfPSYP::LUC、OfPDSP::LUC和OfHYBP::LUC的烟草叶片呈现出更强的荧光信号;在200 mg·L−1脱落酸处理下,注射了OfPDSP::LUC和OfHYBP::LUC的烟草叶片呈现出更强的荧光信号。结果表明:相对高温胁迫上调了OfPSYOfPDSOfHYB的启动子活性,脱落酸上调了OfPDSOfHYB的启动子活性。

      Figure 4.  Transient expression analysis of OfPSY, OfPDS and OfHYB promoter expression characteristics

    • 植物中类胡萝卜素的成分和含量是由一系列酶促反应完成的。研究发现类胡萝卜素代谢关键基因的表达受到各种环境因素和激素的调控。在香蕉Musa nana中,高温可以上调α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素生物合成途径相关基因的转录水平[17];在蓝莓Vaccinium spp.中,红光和远红光对果实中类胡萝卜素合成和降解基因的表达均起到上调作用[18];在大豆Glycine max中,氯化钠(NaCl)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、高温、低温等胁迫和ABA处理对类胡萝卜素降解基因起明显的上调作用[19]。此外,转录因子对类胡萝卜素代谢关键基因的启动子存在直接调控作用。在柑橘Citrus reticulata中,CsMADS6基因可以结合CsPSYCsPDS基因的启动子[20],从而促进其基因的表达;在番木瓜Carica papaya中,CpEIN3a既可以直接识别并结合CpPDSCpCHYB基因的启动子,也可与CpNAC1/2基因共同促进CpPDS的表达[21],而CpSBP1则对CpPDS基因存在负调控作用[22];在胡萝卜Daucus carota中,DcAREB3可响应盐胁迫和ABA处理,识别并结合DcPSY2启动子的ABRE作用元件,从而促进其表达[23]

      前期通过对桂花进行ABA处理发现,相对于未处理的桂花,经200 mg·L−1 ABA处理的桂花花瓣中的类胡萝卜素含量上升;对花瓣中类胡萝卜素代谢关键基因实时荧光定量表达显示:经ABA处理后OfPSYOfPDSOfHYB等基因的表达量显著上调,推测ABA通过调控这几个基因的表达,从而影响了桂花花色[12]。本研究在OfHYB启动子中发现了4个ABRE作用元件,该作用元件被认为是AREB转录因子的结合位点[24]。研究发现AREB转录因子能够识别并结合2个相距较近的ABRE作用元件[25]。在OfHYB启动子的4个ABRE作用元件中,有3个元件之间相距19和12 bp,表明OfHYB基因极有可能受到ABA调控,与此同时,OfHYB启动子上发现了最多的激素响应元件,除ABA响应元件外,还存在生长素、茉莉酸甲酯和乙烯响应元件,表明OfHYB基因的表达可能受到多种激素的调控。本研究通过高温和外源施加ABA,研究了几个启动子表达特性,进一步验证了相对高温对OfPSYOfHYB基因启动子以及ABA对OfPDSOfHYB启动子表达的调控作用。此外,在3个基因启动子中均存在数个光响应元件,在桂花中已经发现OfCCD1的表达可能受光照影响[2628],说明桂花花色物质的合成与降解均可能与光信号传导有关,但其具体作用机制仍有待进一步研究。本研究克隆得到的启动子经瞬时表达验证均具有启动子活性,下一步可将其构建酵母单杂载体,通过寻找上游的调控因子,明确桂花花瓣类胡萝卜素合成基因转录调控的分子机制。

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