Properties of bio-pretreated straw fiber and its composite materials
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摘要:
目的 探究生物预处理对秸秆纤维及其与脲醛树脂制备的复合材料性能的影响，为秸秆基复合材料的制备及发展提供理论依据。 方法 接种微生物菌剂(秸秆腐熟剂)对水稻Oryza sativa秸秆进行好氧发酵处理，测定不同处理时间下水稻秸秆中半纤维素、纤维素、木质素等的变化，测试并对比未经生物改性处理秸秆纤维(S0)、经生物改性处理5 (S5)和10 d (S10)秸秆纤维的结晶度和微观形貌，制备秸秆纤维/脲醛树脂复合材料，分别标记为F0、F5、F10，比较不同生物预处理时间下秸秆基复合材料的表面性能和力学性能。 结果 改性处理后秸秆表面的硅和蜡等物质被去除，但较长的生物改性处理时间(10 d)会破坏秸秆纤维自身结构。相比于S0和S10，S5的纤维素相对含量最高，为37.99%，结晶度也最好，为47.8%。3种秸秆基复合材料中F5疏水性最好，表面能最低，冲击韧性最大(7 665.64 J·m−2)；F10抗弯性能更好，静曲强度和弹性模量分别为27.73和20 354 MPa，相比F0分别提高了59.00%和50.17%。 结论 生物改性处理可以改善秸秆纤维的表面性质，提高秸秆纤维/脲醛树脂复合材料的性能，生物改性处理5 d的秸秆纤维更好，制备的复合材料性能更优良。图4表1参28 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the influence of biological pretreatment on the properties of straw fiber and its composites prepared with urea formaldehyde resin, so as to provide theoretical basis for the preparation and development of straw based composites. Method Rice (Oryza sativa) straw was treated with microbial agent for aerobic fermentation. The changes of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in rice straw under different treatment time were measured. The crystallinity and microscopic morphology of straw fiber without biological pretreatment (S0), straw fiber bio-pretreated for 5 days (S5) and 10 days (S10) were tested and compared. Straw fiber/urea formaldehyde resin composites (F0, F5, F10) were prepared. Then the surface properties and mechanical properties of straw based composites under different biological pretreatment time were compared. Result Substances such as silicon and wax on the surface of straw fiber were removed after biological pretreatment, but the longer biological pretreatment time (10 d) could destroy the structure of straw fiber itself. Compared with S0 and S10, S5 had the highest relative content of cellulose (37.99%) and best crystallinity (47.8%). In contrast, F5 had the best hydrophobicity, lowest surface energy, and highest impact toughness (7 665.64 J·m−2). F10 had the best flexural performance. The static flexural strength and flexural modulus were 27.73 and 20 354 MPa, respectively, which were 59.00% and 50.17% higher than the composites prepared by S0, respectively. Conclusion Biological pretreatment can improve the surface properties of straw fiber and the properties of straw fiber/urea formaldehyde resin composites. The straw fiber bio-pretreated for 5 days is better, and the properties of the composites are superior. [Ch, 4 fig. 1 tab. 28 ref.] -
Key words:
- straw fiber /
- biological pretreatment /
- composites /
- surface properties /
- mechanical properties
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图 1 生物预处理秸秆组分相对含量变化(A)及X射线衍射图谱(B)
Figure 1 The relative content changes of the components (A) and X-ray diffraction pattern (B) of biologically pretreated straw fiber
图 2 不同秸秆纤维S0(A)、S5(B)和S10(C)的表面微观形貌及其宏观对比(D)
Figure 2 Surface morphology of biologically pretreated straw fiber S0 (A), S5 (B) and S10 (C) and their macroscopic comparison (D)
图 3 复合材料的接触角(A)及表面能(B)
Figure 3 Contact angle (A) and surface energy (B) of composites
图 4 复合材料的抗弯强度(A)及冲击韧性(B)
Figure 4 Flexural strength (A) and impact toughness (B) of composites
表 1 脲醛树脂制备过程中物料添加情况
Table 1. Adding quality of materials during the preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin
阶段 37%(质量分数)
甲醛溶液/g尿素/g 聚乙烯
醇-124/g三聚氰
胺/gPEGDGE/g 1 1 000.0 371.0 5.3 2 106.0 10.6 3 53.0 106.0 
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