Treatment of orchard waste is an important link in orchard production. The carbonization of orchard waste is a green, environmentally friendly and low-carbon mode of production, which can improve orchard soil, as well as yield and quality of fruits. Therefore, it’s of great scientific significance and application value to carry out research on orchard waste biochar for its rational application and evolution in orchard. The current research on biochar from orchard wastes was reviewed, which mainly focused on the preparation principle and properties of biochar from different types of orchard wastes and the effects on soil improvement, and the impact of its application combined with organic fertilizer on orchard production. The future research directions are proposed: (1) To further classify the orchard wastes to prepare more biochar to meet the differentiated needs. (2) To compare the production benefits of different types of orchard waste biochar application. (3) To prepare biochar-based organic fertilizer for orchard. (4) To explore the effect of orchard waste biochar on orchard environment and ecology. [Ch, 1 fig. 2 tab. 94 ref.]
Phylogeny is a basic issue in evolutionary biology and an important topic in other branches of biology as well, which focuses on the genetic relationship and evolutionary fate among various taxa. Using molecular data to investigate the evolutionary relationship between organism is an important means of phylogenetic research. Along with the development of sequencing technology and its decreasing cost, phylogenetic research has gradually developed from the early stage based on single gene or combined minority fragments to the present stage using massive genome data to study the evolutionary relationship among individuals, populations, and species. In this paper, the representative achievements of three sets of genomes (chloroplast genome, mitochondrial genome, and nuclear genome) in plant phylogenetic research are discussed. The characteristics of different plant genomes and their advantages and limitations in phylogenetic studies are summarized. The main methods of phylogenetic tree construction are explored and the future research is prospected. At present, the three sets of genomes in plants are suitable for phylogenetic studies of different order elements and taxa. The differences in genetic characteristics between different genomes have different advantages and applications in phylogenetic studies: (1) Chloroplast genome is relatively simple in structure, conservative in sequence, difficult to recombine, and uniparentally inherited. It is an ideal molecular data resource widely used in the fields of phylogeny and evolutionary biology. (2) The evolutionary rate of plant mitochondrial genome sequence is relatively slow, so it is only suitable for early plant and large-scale phylogenetic research. (3) The nuclear genome is biparental inheritance, which can comprehensively reveal the parental lineage and phylogenetic network evolutionary relationship, and has great application potential in phylogenetic research. Different tree construction methods are suitable for datasets with different characteristics, and reasonable methods should be adopted in the process of tree construction to avoid the effects of long-branch attraction and incomplete lineage sorting. In the future, nuclear genome will become the mainstream of phylogenetic research, and its biparental genetic characteristics can provide sufficient insights into hybridization and genomic introgression during speciation. With more taxon phylogenetic positions determined, biparental inheritance such as hybridization, backcross, nucleocytoplasmic interaction, polyploidy, functional adaptation, and convergent evolution during speciation and evolution will become the focus of phylogenetic research. [Ch, 1 tab. 78 ref.]
Bimonthly, Start in 1984
Supervisor:Department of Education of Zhejiang Province
Sponsor:Zhejiang A&F University
Editor-in-Chief:SHEN Xi
Editor:Editorial Department of Journal of Zhejiang A&F University
Tel:0571-63732749
E-mail:zlxb@zafu.edu.cn
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1
Carbon-fixing oriented management patterns of Phyllostachys pubescens and their benefits
WANG Xi-feng, SHEN Yue-qin, WANG Feng, ZHENG Xu-li, HU Zhong-ming -
2
Continuum removal based hyperspectral characteristic analysis of leaves of different tree species
DING Li-xia, WANG Zhi-hui, GE Hong-li -
3
Research progress on agronomic characteristics of Miscanthus
ZHAN Wei-jun, REN Jun-xia, JIN Song-heng, HUANG You-jun, PAN Yin-hui, ZHENG Bing-song -
4
Efficacy of three insecticides against Phenacoccus kaxinus and Eucryptorrhynchus brandti
CHU Jiamiao, ZHONG Tailin, HUANG Shanshan -
5
Application and prospect of organic biocides in timber preservation
SUN Fang-li, BAO Bin-fu, CHEN An-liang, ZHOU Yue-ying, YU Hong-wei, DU Chun-gui