Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
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doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250221
Abstract:
Objective In this study, the chloroplast genomes of 3 Pistacia species were compared to analyze their structural characteristics and genetic evolution. Method 3 publicly available chloroplast genomes of Pistacia species from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were selected as research materials, and their chloroplast genome structure, repeat sequence, nucleotide polymorphism and genetic relationship were analyzed by relevant bioinformatics methods. Result The chloroplast genomes of the 3 species were tetrad ring structure, and the numbers of protein-coding sequence (CDS), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA) were exactly the same among them; The simple repeat sequences were mainly A (34.35%) or T (39.69%) repeat units in mono-nucleotide, but no hexa-nucleotide. And the number of scattered repeat sequences were mainly palindromic repeats (105) and forward repeats (76), but no reverse repeats; There were different degrees of variation in the conserved non-coding sequences (CNS) of the large single copy (LSC) and small single copy (SSC) of the chloroplast genomes of three species, but there was no significant difference in the contraction or expansion of genes near the tetrad boundary; 5 highly variable sequences ( matK, trnG- UCC~ trnR- UCU, trnT- UGU~ trnL- UAA, petD~ rpoA, rpl22~ rpl2) were identified in the LSC region and the boundary between LSC and inverted repeat b (IRb); Phylogenetic reconstruction based on complete chloroplast genomes demonstrated clear segregation between Pistacia and Rhus, and P. chinensis was closely related to P. weinmaniifolia, while P. vera and P. atlantica could be formed a distinct clade. Conclusion The chloroplast genome structure of the 3 Pistacia species was similar and relatively conservative, and the number of various genes was consistent; The 5 mutant sequences detected could be used as candidate molecular markers for Pistacia species; The genetic relationship between P. chinensis and P. weinmannifolia was similar, while P. vera was relatively distant from former 2 species. [Ch, 6 fig. 1 tab. 46 ref.]
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doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250375
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to prepare a fully biobased composite film with flexible iridescent cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers (PCNF)/lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), and systematically examine the influence of LNPs mass fraction on the optical properties, morphology, mechanical properties, humidity sensitivity, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and ultraviolet shielding properties of the composite film. Method Taking CNC as the structural matrix, PCNF as the reinforcing phase, and LNPs as the functional component, a two-step method was employed to prepare a fully biobased, flexible, and iridescent CNC/PCNF/LNPs composite film. Result The structural color and the maximum reflection wavelength (λmax) of the film exhibited a significant redshift with increasing LNPs mass fraction. Hydrophobicity was enhanced, and the water contact angle increased from 39.0° to 76.1°, while humidity sensitivity decreased slightly. Thermal stability improved, with the maximum thermal decomposition temperature rising from 240 ℃ to 261 ℃. Ultraviolet shielding performance was enhanced, and the CNC/P20/L2.0 film (where P20 represented the mass fraction of PCNF relative to CNC as 20.0%, and L2.0 represented the mass fraction of LNPs relative to CNC as 2.0%) achieved UV absorption rates of 95.8% in the ultraviolet region (UV, 200−400 nm) and 99.2% in the mid wave UV region (UVB, 280−320 nm). Conclusion The mass fraction of LNPs can affect the optical properties, morphology, humidity sensitivity, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and ultraviolet shielding properties of the composite film, but it has little effect on the mechanical properties. [Ch, 7 fig. 26 ref.]
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doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250389
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to examine the influence of circular holes of different positions and sizes on the load-bearing capacity of wooden beams, explore the mechanical mechanism by which wooden beams have a certain tolerance for hole damage, and inspire the design of materials with high hole tolerance or lightweight structures. Method The mechanical concept of hole compatibility was proposed, and the calculation formula for hole compatibility coefficient was provided. By conducting bending and fracture experiments on wooden beams, the fracture bending moment values of wooden beams with holes of different positions and diameters were measured, corresponding relationship curves were drawn, and the hole compatibility coefficient of wooden beams was calculated. By conducting simulation analysis and fracture morphology analysis on representative wooden beams, the mechanism of their hole compatibility mechanical properties was clarified. Result The impact of holes below the neutral layer on the load-bearing capacity of wooden beams was greater than that of holes located above the neutral layer. When the diameter of the hole was less than 1/5 of the beam height, the bearing capacity of the wooden beam did not exceed 10%. Except for wooden beams with extremely high and low densities, the compatibility coefficient of most wooden beams was close to 1.0, which was higher than that of plastic metal aluminum beams and brittle acrylic beams. Finite element analysis showed that the stress distribution below the hole was more uniform than that above the hole, and the fracture morphology analysis revealed that the fracture surface below the hole was smoother. Conclusion When the diameter of the hole is smaller than the critical value, the overall bearing capacity of the wooden beam decreases slightly. When such holes are located in the stretching area of the wooden beam, the bearing capacity of the wood fibers in the lower area of the hole is more evenly exerted, and the wooden beam exhibits a mechanical phenomenon of hole compatibility as a whole. Wooden beams have better hole compatibility mechanical properties than plastic metal aluminum beams and brittle acrylic beams. The mechanical mechanism of hole compatibility can inspire the design of new fiber-reinforced composite materials, lightweight load-bearing structures with holes, and micro porous structural materials. [Ch, 6 fig. 6 tab. 25 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250186
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to construct transgenic homoisoflavones tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants based on the homoisoflavones synthase gene ChOMT from alfalfa (Medicago sativa), thereby achieving nutritional fortification of tomatoes. Method ChOMT gene was introduced into tomatoes using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic identification was carried out through PCR and fluorescence detection. Furthermore, plant-wide targeted metabolomics technology and multivariate statistical analysis methods were employed for precise quantitative analysis of homoisoflavones content. Result Through PCR and fluorescence detection, positive transgenic plants of ChOMT were obtained. Compared with the wild type, the content of homoisoflavonoids significantly increased. Among them, the relative content of (3RS)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one (HIF1) in the leaves of transgenic tomatoes was 57019 , which was 260 times higher than the relative content of 220 in the leaves of the wild type. The relative content of 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one (HIF2) in the fruits of transgenic tomatoes was 15 849 985, which was over 4 000 times higher than the relative content of 3849 in the wild type. Conclusion ChOMT transgenic tomatoes are obtained, which not only provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the catalytic function of ChOMT in plants, but also lays an important foundation of germplasm resources for breeding genetically improved tomato varieties with high homoisoflavonoid content. [Ch, 7 fig. 28 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250331
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Objective The objective of this study is to explore the mechanism of rutin against myocardial fibrosis (MF) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cellular experiments. Method Based on drug and disease databases, disease-associated gene targets related to rutin and MF were identified. A multidimensional “drug-target-disease” interaction network model was constructed using Cytoscape, and the core targets were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis using R software. The interaction between rutin and the core target protein was simulated through molecular docking technology. The effect of rutin on the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) was detected by the CCK-8 method. Result Network pharmacology analysis revealed that rutin acted on 91 MF-related targets, among which IL-6, TNF, TP53, and SRC were the core targets, and they were enriched in signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and IL-17. Molecular docking demonstrated that rutin had a good binding activity with the core target protein. Molecular biology experiments showed that rutin could reverse the expression of fibrotic biomarkers in TGF-β1-induced CFs and significantly downregulate the expression of key proteins associated with the MAPK-JNK/ERK signaling pathway (P＜0.05). Conclusion Rutin may alleviate TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in CFs by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK-JNK/ERK signaling pathway. [Ch, 7 fig. 2 tab. 31 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250370
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Objective This study aims to investigate the structural and performance differences of sliced bamboo veneers from different radial positions under various treatments, so as to provide fundamental data for achieving “bamboo as a substitute for plastic” and diversified utilization of veneers. Method A comparative study was conducted on the transverse and longitudinal planning methods, as well as water-boiling pretreatment process. Surface quality, flexibility, tensile properties, and chemical composition were taken as evaluation indices to quantify the effects of different processing techniques on the physical and chemical properties of sliced bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) veneers from different radial positions. Result Transverse planing yielded higher surface quality and stability than longitudinal planing. The flexibility gradually decreased from the inner bark to the outer bark of the bamboo. Compared with transverse-planed unboiled veneers at the same gradient positions, the flexibility of transverse-planed boiled veneers and longitudinal-planed veneers decreased by approximately 11.47% and 34.22%, respectively. Conversely, the tensile strength of the sliced veneer increased from the inner bark to the outer bark of the bamboo. At the same gradient position, the transverse-planed boiled and unboiled veneers showed reductions of 11.78% and 21.68%, respectively. Chemical compositions showed no significant variations across radial positions due to gradient-dependent softening effects, while the crystallinity basically showed an upward trend from the inner to the outer layers of the bamboo. Conclusion The mechanical properties of bamboo veneers vary with radial position and planing direction. Directional planing and gradient processing can effectively coordinate mechanical properties of veneers. [Ch, 7 fig. 3 tab. 28 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250346
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Objective Forest carbon storage plays a vital role in the global climate system and provides an important reference for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Model-based methods are effective for estimating forest carbon storage, while improving prediction accuracy remains a key challenge. Method Using national forest resource inventory data and Landsat 7 and 8 imagery, 5 modeling approaches including geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR), random forest (RF), gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), GTWR-RF, and GTWR-GBRT were applied to estimate forest carbon storage in “Three Parallel Rivers” region from 2012 to 2021, and the optimal model was selected for final estimation. Result (1) GTWR model accounted for both spatial and temporal dimensions, while GBRT model showed clear limitations in explaining spatial heterogeneity. When used individually, all models exhibited limited explanatory power. In contrast, the two-stage hybrid model performed better than the single models, effectively addressing spatial heterogeneity and the nonlinear relationships between carbon storage and environmental variables. (2) GTWR-GBRT model achieved the best fitting performance, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98, the prediction accuracy of 0.90, and the relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of 5.91, outperforming the other 4 models, indicating that incorporating both spatiotemporal heterogeneity and nonlinearity were essential for accurate forest carbon estimation. (3) Forest carbon storage in the study area exhibited significant positive spatial autocorrelation. Estimates generated by GTWR-GBRT model revealed that forest carbon storage from 2012 to 2021 was unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated in high-altitude regions, showing a general pattern of higher values in the west and lower values in the east, along with some localized high-carbon areas. Conclusion Compared with various single models and other combined models, the GTWR-GBRT hybrid model demonstrates superior fitting and predictive performance, suggesting that integrating spatiotemporal and nonlinear characteristics within a two-stage hybrid framework can yield more accurate estimations of forest carbon storage. [Ch, 3 fig. 6 tab. 30 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250249
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Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is a key component of the soil carbon pool, and its sequestration and loss have profound impacts on the global carbon cycling and climate change. With accelerating urbanization in China, urban ecosystems have become a focal point of ecological research. Urban green spaces, as integral components of urban ecosystems, are closely linked to soil carbon dynamics, climate regulation, and ecosystem services, and their response and feedback to urbanization will inevitably be the focus and priority of study. However, the understanding of SIC cycling in urban green spaces remains limited. This paper examined the potential impacts of human activities such as land management and construction on SIC in urban ecosystems. It systematically overviewed the following aspects: (1) sequestration, loss and influencing factors of SIC in urban green spaces under urbanization; (2) the driving effects of changes in soil physical properties, nitrogen inputs, pH, and salinity on the carbonate dissolution–precipitation balance of SIC in urban green spaces; (3) the impact of soil fauna and microbial communities on SIC formation process. Future research should focus on the driving mechanism of SIC dynamics under urbanization, so as to make up for the research deficiencies in inorganic carbon in urban green spaces and provide theoretical support for improving carbon cycling theory and optimizing ecosystem functions in urban ecosystems. [Ch, 1 tab. 83 ref.]
Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is a key component of the soil carbon pool, and its sequestration and loss have profound impacts on the global carbon cycling and climate change. With accelerating urbanization in China, urban ecosystems have become a focal point of ecological research. Urban green spaces, as integral components of urban ecosystems, are closely linked to soil carbon dynamics, climate regulation, and ecosystem services, and their response and feedback to urbanization will inevitably be the focus and priority of study. However, the understanding of SIC cycling in urban green spaces remains limited. This paper examined the potential impacts of human activities such as land management and construction on SIC in urban ecosystems. It systematically overviewed the following aspects: (1) sequestration, loss and influencing factors of SIC in urban green spaces under urbanization; (2) the driving effects of changes in soil physical properties, nitrogen inputs, pH, and salinity on the carbonate dissolution–precipitation balance of SIC in urban green spaces; (3) the impact of soil fauna and microbial communities on SIC formation process. Future research should focus on the driving mechanism of SIC dynamics under urbanization, so as to make up for the research deficiencies in inorganic carbon in urban green spaces and provide theoretical support for improving carbon cycling theory and optimizing ecosystem functions in urban ecosystems. [Ch, 1 tab. 83 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250420
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Objective This study aims to investigate hybrid affinity between Lilium davidii var. unicolor and Lilium ornamental cultivars, and to provide germplasm resources and technical support for breeding multi-purpose lilies. Method Pollen viability of all tested lilies was examined. Based on the results, 10 cross combinations were established: using L. davidii var. unicolor as the male parent with ‘Tiger Babies’ ‘Purple Dream’ ‘Black Charm’ ‘Sweet Sugar’ ‘Eye Liner’‘Gizmo’ and ‘Watch Up’ as female parents, and using L. davidii var. unicolor as the female parent with ‘Purple Dream’ ‘Black Charm’ and ‘Watch Up’ as male parents. 3 pollination methods were employed, including direct pollination, cut-style pollination, and stigma application with 1 g·L−1 NAA solution. Cross-compatibility was evaluated based on pollen tube growth and fruit set. The authenticity of hybrid seedlings obtained through embryo culture was assessed using SSR markers. Result (1) Cross-compatibility analysis revealed that ‘Sweet Sugar’ and ‘Black Charm’ exhibited the highest compatibility with L. davidii var. unicolor, followed by ‘Eye Liner’ ‘Tiger Babies’ and ‘Purple Dream’. In contrast, ‘Watch Up’ and ‘Gizmo’ showed low compatibility. (2) Direct pollination was the simplest and most universally applicable method. (3) SSR analysis revealed that all 145 seedlings from the 6 hybrid combinations (‘Sweet Sugar’ × L. davidii var. unicolor, ‘Black Charm’ × L. davidii var. unicolor, ‘Tiger Babies’ × L. davidii var. unicolor, ‘Eye Liner’ × L. davidii var. unicolor, L. davidii var. unicolor × ‘Black Charm’, and L. davidii var. unicolor × ‘Purple Dream’) were authentic hybrids. Conclusion The study revealed distinct cross-compatibility between L. davidii var. unicolor and different lily cultivars, identifying ‘Sweet Sugar’ and ‘Black Charm’ as highly compatible parents. Cut-style pollination is an effective technique for improving fruit set in the cross of ‘Tiger Baby’× L. davidii var. unicolor. SSR marker technology enables early and accurate identification of hybrid seedlings. [Ch, 2 fig. 6 tab. 34 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250455
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However, the current organogenic regeneration system generally has technical bottlenecks such as rooting difficulties, severe browning and strong genotype dependence in adult materials, which seriously restricts the relevant breeding and breeding process. The key external factors affecting regeneration efficiency, including explant selection, media optimization, and the ratio and treatment timing of plant growth regulators (PGRs) are systematically sorted out. At the molecular mechanism level, the cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms from callus induction to adventitious root/adventitious bud formation were expounded, and the core mechanisms of auxin signaling (ARF-WOX-LBD pathway) regulating adventitious root genesis and cytokinin signaling (ARR-WUS-CLV3 loop) regulating adventitious bud formation were revealed. In view of the technical bottlenecks such as the difficulty of rooting of adult materials and the serious browning of high-phenolic varieties, a comprehensive countermeasure combining physiological and epigenetic regulation was further proposed. This paper analyzes that the organogenesis of woody plants is jointly regulated by external culture conditions, internal hormone pathways and epigenetic status, and the essence of adult material regeneration disorder is that regeneration-related genes are systematically inhibited at the epigenetic level. In the future, through deepening mechanism analysis and technological innovation, it is expected to systematically break through the regrowth obstacles of woody plants and provide systematic support for precision breeding and gene function research of forest trees. [Ch, 1 fig. 2 tab. 82 ref.]
However, the current organogenic regeneration system generally has technical bottlenecks such as rooting difficulties, severe browning and strong genotype dependence in adult materials, which seriously restricts the relevant breeding and breeding process. The key external factors affecting regeneration efficiency, including explant selection, media optimization, and the ratio and treatment timing of plant growth regulators (PGRs) are systematically sorted out. At the molecular mechanism level, the cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms from callus induction to adventitious root/adventitious bud formation were expounded, and the core mechanisms of auxin signaling (ARF-WOX-LBD pathway) regulating adventitious root genesis and cytokinin signaling (ARR-WUS-CLV3 loop) regulating adventitious bud formation were revealed. In view of the technical bottlenecks such as the difficulty of rooting of adult materials and the serious browning of high-phenolic varieties, a comprehensive countermeasure combining physiological and epigenetic regulation was further proposed. This paper analyzes that the organogenesis of woody plants is jointly regulated by external culture conditions, internal hormone pathways and epigenetic status, and the essence of adult material regeneration disorder is that regeneration-related genes are systematically inhibited at the epigenetic level. In the future, through deepening mechanism analysis and technological innovation, it is expected to systematically break through the regrowth obstacles of woody plants and provide systematic support for precision breeding and gene function research of forest trees. [Ch, 1 fig. 2 tab. 82 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250196
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Objective This study aims to investigate the species composition and community structure of forest stands on Daishan Island, Zhejiang Province, and provide recommendations for tree species combination models for the restoration of forest communities on islands. Method A quadrat survey was conducted to investigate woody plants with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm within the sample plots (100 m×100 m). Species composition, floristic elements, DBH class distribution, species diversity, and tree species combination were analyzed. Result A total of 8 767 woody plant individuals were recorded, belonging to 29 species, 28 genera, and 18 families, with an average tree height of 4.11 m and an average DBH of 4.35 cm. Quercus acutissima, Cinnamomum camphora, and Ficus erecta were the dominant species in the community. At the family level, the flora consisted of 27.78% cosmopolitan, 50.00% tropical, and 22.22% temperate components. At the genus level, 64.29% were tropical, 28.57% temperate, and 7.14% unique to China. The DBH of tree species in the community showed an inverted “J” shape distribution, with 91.80% of plants in the small and relatively small diameter classes. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson diversity index, and Margalef richness index were 1.28, 0.38, 0.50, and 3.08, respectively. The community included tree species combinations with good resilience, such as C. camphora-Q. acutissima, Metasequoia glyptostroboides-Q. acutissima, and Q. acutissima-F. erecta. Conclusion The forest community on Daishan Island is dominated by Q. acutissima, C. camphora, F. erecta, Eurya nitida, and Ilex cornuta. The DBH structure displays an inverted “J” shape pattern, and the plant community in this area is dominated by tropical species. The overall distribution of tree species in the community is uneven, resulting in different combinations of tree species. [Ch. 4 fig. 4 tab. 30 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250279
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Objective This study aims to assemble, annotate, and analyze the chloroplast genome of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. parachinensis), and to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships with other Brassicaceae crops. Method The complete chloroplast genome of flowering Chinese cabbage was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Bioinformatics approaches were employed to analyze its genome structure, repetitive sequences, nucleotide diversity, codon usage bias, and phylogenetic relationships by constructing phylogenetic trees with chloroplast genome sequences of other 25 Brassicaceae species. Result The chloroplast genome of flowering Chinese cabbage is 153 482 bp in length with a GC content of 36.36%, exhibiting a typical quadripartite structure. In total, 132 functional genes had been identified and annotated, comprising 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 1 pseudogene. Codon usage bias analysis revealed that leucine (Leu) is the most frequently used amino acid, with 31 codons showing a relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value greater than 1, predominantly ending with A or U. Repetitive sequence analysis detected 37 dispersed repeats and 315 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), with mononucleotide repeats predominating (72.70% of total SSRs). The nucleotide diversity of small single copy region (SSC) is the highest, while that of inverted repeat region (IR) is the lowest. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that flowering Chinese cabbage exhibits the closest genetic relationship with leafy Chinese cabbage varieties. Conclusion The chloroplast genome of flowering Chinese cabbage exhibits a conserved quadripartite structure and demonstrates close phylogenetic relationships with B. rapa var. chinensis, B. rapa var. purpuraria, and B. rapa subsp. pekinensis. [Ch, 5 fig. 3 tab. 39 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250291
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Objective The objective is to investigate the effects of different fire severities on understory vegetation species diversity and soil physicochemical properties, which is of great significance for the restoration and sustainable management of forest ecosystems in burnt areas. Method The study focused on the burnt area 4 years after the fire in Pinus tabuliformis forests in Taiyue Mountain of Shanxi Province. A combination of field investigation and indoor analysis was used to examine the differences and trends in understory vegetation species diversity and soil physicochemical properties in plots with different fire severities (low severity fire, medium severity fire, high severity fire, and no fire), as well as the short-term response of post-fire species diversity to physicochemical properties. Result (1) A total of 50 vascular plant species were recorded, belonging to 20 families and 43 genera. After low-severity fire in the herb layer and medium severity fire in the shrub layer, the number of species was higher than that in unburnt areas. (2) In the shrub layer, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Margalef index ranging from large to small were as follows: medium-severity fire plots, high-severity fire plots, unburnt plots, and low-severity fire plots, while the Pielou index in descending order was high-severity fire plots, medium-severity fire plots, unburnt plots, and low-severity fire plots. In the herb layer, the Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices significantly increased by 21.38% and 47.55% (P＜0.05) in the low-severity fire plots compared to unburnt plots, while the Simpson and Pielou indices significantly increased by 20.00% and 19.40% (P＜0.05) in the high-severity fire plots compared to unburnt plots. (3) Different fire severities significantly (P＜0.01) affected soil physicochemical properties. Soil moisture content and total porosity decreased with increasing fire severity. Mass fraction of total phosphorus and potassium showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of fire severity, reaching its lowest point in medium-severity fire plots. Soil total porosity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium decreased with deepening of soil layers in different fire severity plots. (4) The redundancy analysis revealed that soil moisture content, capillary porosity, and total potassium mass fraction in the 0−10 cm layer, along with available phosphorus mass fraction, total porosity, and available potassium mass fraction in the 10−20 cm layer, were significant soil factors affecting species diversity in the shrub and herb layers. Conclusion Low severity and medium severity fires promote vegetation regeneration in P. tabuliformis forests, and soil moisture content and available phosphorus are key factors driving post fire species diversity differentiation. [Ch, 2 fig. 4 tab. 48 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250206
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Objective This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics, as well as the driving factors of soil respiration across different vegetation types of urban forests, so as to provide theoretical references for regional carbon estimation. Method Taking Beijing Olympic Forest Park as the research object, a portable soil respiration measurement system was used to measure soil respiration (Rs), soil temperature (Ts), and soil water content (CSW) of 26 sample plots (13 in the arbor community and 13 in the arbor-shrub mixed community) monthly from April to October in 2023. And combined with high-resolution normalized difference vegetation index (INDV), a fitting analysis was conducted on the seasonal and spatial variations of Rs and the influencing factors. Result (1) The seasonal dynamics of Rs and Ts were consistent, showing a unimodal pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. The average Rs in the arbor community (4.83 μmol·m−2·s−1) was higher than that in the arbor-shrub mixed community (4.42 μmol·m−2·s−1). (2) Ts accounted for 90.0% and 73.0% of the seasonal variation in Rs in the arbor and arbor-shrub mixed community, respectively, while CSW explained 28.0% and 37.0%. A dual-factor model incorporating both temperature and moisture could explain 93.0% and 82.0% of the variation, respectively. (3) The spatial coefficient of variation of Rs in the arbor-shrub mixed community was similar to the variation trend of CSW, with a significant positive correlation between the two (R2=0.88, P＜0.01). In contrast, there was a highly significant nonlinear relationship between the spatial variation of Rs and Ts (R2=0.65, P＜0.01) in the arbor community. (4) The response of Rs to Ts varied in time and space, with an approximately linear increase in time and a nonlinear response in space. Although Rs increased with the increase of CSW in both time and space, the rate of increase varied. Conclusion The response of Rs to environmental factors in urban forests exhibits spatiotemporal variations. Ts is the driving factor of seasonal variations in Rs, while the dominant factors of spatial variation of urban forest Rs vary among different vegetation types. [Ch, 6 fig. 2 tab. 38 ref.]
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doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250275
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Objective The aim is to explore the difference in water conservation function of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations at different growth stages in loess areas of western Shanxi, and provide scientific basis for improving water conservation capacity and management of forest stands. Method Taking R. pseudoacacia plantations of 5 age groups (with forest ages of 15, 23, 27, 34, and 41 years respectively ) in Caijiachuan watershed, Linfen City of Shanxi Province as the research objects, water conservation indicators in vertical layers (canopy, litter, and soil) were measured, including canopy interception rate, litter water-holding capacity, soil physical properties, and water holding characteristics. Comprehensive evaluation of the water conservation function was conducted based on Entropy Weight-Approximate Ideal Solution Ranking (TOPSIS). Result (1) The leaf area index and interception rate of the canopy layer showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the age increased, with the highest values observed in middle-aged forests (23 years), and remained stable after maturity. (2) The litter layer in middle-aged forests exhibited the highest accumulation and maximum water holding capacity, while the effective retention capacity was superior in mature stands. (3) Young stands (15 years) had the highest non-capillary and saturated water-holding capacities, while middle-aged stands excelled in capillary water retention. (4) Soil layers contributed the most to water conservation. Water retention capacity first increased and then declined with age, reaching peak in middle-aged stands. Conclusion The water conservation function of the middle-aged R. pseudoacacia plantation is the best. To enhance the water conservation function, inefficient and degraded stands should be selectively harvested and replanted, which is in line with regional project for low efficiency forest transformation and functional improvement. [Ch, 2 fig. 5 tab. 34 ref.]
, Available online
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250203
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Objective The objective is to investigate the changes in soil physicochemical properties, aggregates and microbial communities in the wine vineyards at the eastern foot of Helan Mountains in Ningxia under conservation tillage measures, and to elucidate the correlation between soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities. Method Taking the wine grape variety Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ as the experimental material, natural grass (NT), branch mulching (CTS), and natural grass + branch mulching (NTS) were set up as treatments and clean tillage (ck) was used as the control. The indicators such as soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), aggregate stability, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter contents, and relative abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi were measured and analyzed in the wine vineyards during the flowering period (May), fruit swelling period (July), and fruit ripening period (September). Result (1) Compared with ck, NT, CTS, and NTS treatments significantly increased soil pH and total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic matter contents at different growth stages of the grapes (P＜0.05). In September, the soil organic matter content in NT, CTS, and NTS treatments increased by 34.71%, 93.33%, and 68.73%, respectively. (2) Compared with ck, the stability of soil aggregates under NT, CTS, and NTS treatments was significantly improved (P＜0.05). Particularly in September, NTS significantly increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates by 26.23%, the mean geometric diameter (MGD) of aggregates by 67.65%, and the percentage of aggregates larger than 0.250 mm (R0.25) by 31.33%, resulting in an improvement in soil structure. (3) NT, CTS, and NTS treatments significantly increased the relative abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil (P＜ 0.05), and altered the microbial community structure. Conclusion NT, CTS, and NTS treatments can significantly improve soil physical-chemical and microbial properties in the ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard. [Ch, 4 fig. 3 tab. 54 ref.]
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doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250213
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Objective This study aimed to identify the causal pathogen of branch blight in Rosa chinensis, characterize its biological properties, and evaluate effective fungicides to establish a scientific foundation for disease for disease control. Method The pathogen was isolated and purified using tissue isolation. The isolate was characterized morphologically and phylogenetically by multi-locus sequence analysis. Mycelial growth kinetics were assessed under varying carbon/nitrogen sources, pH values, and temperatures using the growth rate method. Five fungicides were evaluated for inhibitory effects by poisoned medium technique. Result The purified strain R1007 induced disease symptoms upon wound inoculation, and the same strain was re-isolated from infected tissues. Morphological characteristics matched Nectria ulmicola, and Blast analysis with phylogenetic analysis confirmed high genetic similarity to the type strain CFCC52117 of N. ulmicola. Optimal growth conditions were maltose (carbon source), yeast extract (nitrogen source), pH 7.17, and 25 ℃. Among tested fungicides, carbendazim showed the strongest inhibition (EC50=0.338 8 mg·L−1). Conclusion The causal agent of R. chinensis branch blight was identified as N. ulmicola. The optimal growth conditions were maltose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH 7.17, and 25 ℃. Carbendazim shows promise as an effective fungicide for disease control. [Ch, 5 fig. 2 tab. 28 ref.]
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2026, 43(1): 1-10.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240586
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to simulate and analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of forest net primary productivity (NPP) in Zhejiang Province, reveal the impact of seasonal drought on the spatiotemporal evolution of NPP, and provide a scientific basis for forest response and adaptation to climate change. Method The spatiotemporal characteristics of seasonal drought in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2015 were analyzed using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. The spatiotemporal pattern of forest NPP in Zhejiang Province was simulated based on the boreal ecosystem prodctivity simulator (BEPS) model, and the impact of seasonal drought on forest NPP was further investigated. Result (1) The drought was of generally moderate intensity, with summer being the most severe season for drought, accounting for 42.20% of the area with severe or above drought, followed by winter. In addition, except for spring, there was a trend of aridification in the other three seasons. (2) The average forest NPP from 1990 to 2015 was 371.53 g·m−2·a−1, with the highest value in spring (95.22 g·m−2·month−1). (3) The impact of drought on forest NPP was the greatest in summer and autumn, with deviations of −4.88% and −4.62%, respectively, and relatively smaller in spring and winter, with deviations of −3.31% and −3.56%, respectively. The cities (counties) that had the greatest impact on NPP in 4 seasons were Songyang (−12.49%), Longquan (−12.79%), Ningbo (−17.90%), and Jiande (−11.77%). Conclusion This study reveals significant seasonal and spatial changes in forest NPP in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2015. The spatiotemporal impact of seasonal drought on NPP cannot be ignored. [Ch, 5 fig. 2 tab. 26 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 11-23.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250170
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between community characteristics and carbon storage in rocky desertification areas of Northern Guangdong, and to reveal the key community characteristic indicators that affect carbon storage. Method Forest communities with mild, moderate, and severe levels of rocky desertification in Northern Guangdong were selected as the research objects. Three 30 m×40 m forest plots were selected by typical sampling, and one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and random forest model were used to analyze the characteristics of forest communities, carbon storage and their relationship in rocky desertification areas in Northern Guangdong. Result (1) The dominant tree species of the forest community in rocky desertification areas were Castanopsis jucunda, Pinus massoniana, Quercus acutissima, etc., and the species diversity of moderate rocky desertification communities was the highest. (2) The diameter structure of the forest communities at three desertification levels all showed an inverted “J” shape. Among them, diameter Class Ⅰ was dominant (mild desertification accounting for 53.8%, moderate 67.8%, and severe 77.4%). The vertical structure was mainly composed of Classes Ⅰ−Ⅱ, and the community structure tended to simplify with increasing desertification intensity. The average stand density in descending order was severe, moderate, and mild desertification communities. (3) Carbon storage of the three forest communities, ranking from large to small, was as follows: moderate rocky desertification communities, mild rocky desertification communities, and severe rocky desertification communities, with no significant differences in carbon storage among communities. The carbon storage of dead wood and litter was the least among carbon storage components. (4) There was no significant correlation between species diversity and carbon storage characteristics. DBH and tree height were significantly positively correlated with carbon storage characteristics (P＜0.05). There was no significant correlation between forest density and carbon storage characteristics. Bedrock exposure degree was significantly negatively correlated with soil carbon storage (P＜0.01), but not significantly correlated with total carbon storage. The relative importance of species dominance index, DBH, and tree height to carbon storage was 21.23%, 19.95%, and 19.55%, respectively. Conclusion The species diversity of forest communities in rocky desertification areas of Northern Guangdong is the highest in the moderate rocky desertification community, with overall smaller species diameter classes and unclear vertical structural stratification. The carbon storage of dominant species is the main component of the community carbon storage, and the influence of community structure on carbon storage is dominant. [Ch, 6 fig. 5 tab. 40 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 24-32.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250130
Abstract:
Objective The objective is to investigate the spatial pattern and influencing mechanism of Mallotus philippensis population in karst forests, which will help to deepen our understanding of the development rules and potential ecological processes of the population and provide reference for the conservation of karst forests and restoration of degraded forests. Method Based on a fixed plot of 1.28 hm² in Maolan evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and using the data of M. philippensis population and environmental factors investigated in 2023, point pattern analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were adopted to explore the diameter class structure, spatial distribution pattern of the population and its correlation with environmental factors. Result (1) The number of trees in different diameter grades of M. philippensis population varied, and the overall distribution showed a growth pattern. The number in diameter grade Ⅰ was the largest, while that in diameter grade Ⅲwas the smallest. (2) With the increase of diameter grade, the spatial distribution pattern of M. philippensis population transformed from clustered distribution to random distribution from diameter grade Ⅰ to diameter grade Ⅳ. (3) Overall, there was a positive spatial correlation between each pair of the four diameter grades on a small scale (mostly 0−2 m). At the remaining scales, there was no spatial correlation among the diameter classes. (4) The overall distribution of M. philippensis was significantly positively correlated with soil moisture content, soil available potassium and soil total phosphorus (P＜0.05). Among the soil topographic factors, altitude and slope significantly affected the spatial distribution of M. philippensis population in diameter grade Ⅱ (P＜0.01). Conclusion M. philippensis population in Maolan karst forest shows a growth pattern. As the diameter grade increases, its spatial pattern shifts from clustered distribution to random distribution, affected by environmental heterogeneity (soil & topography), intraspecific competition, etc. [Ch, 3 fig. 2 tab. 36 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 33-44.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250155
Abstract:
Objective Logging is a critical disturbance factor in forest ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the effects of logging intensity on leaf functional traits in a coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest, so as to provide scientific basis for post-logging species recovery. Method The 4 main tree species (Acer mono, Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, and Pinus koraiensis) in the conifer-broadleaf mixed forest of Jiaohe, Jilin Province were selected as the research subjects. The 4 different treatments were set up: control (ck, logging intensity was 0), light logging (T1, 17.24%), moderate logging (T2, 34.74%), and heavy logging (T3, 51.85%). Samples were collected and data on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf structural traits were analyzed. One-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD) tests were employed to compare inter-group differences. Result Different logging intensities significantly affected the photosynthetic characteristics and leaf structural traits of A. mono, F. mandshurica, T. amurensis, and P. koraiensis, whose maximum net photosynthetic rate was the highest under logging intensities of T3, T2, T1, and ck, and the lowest under logging intensities of T2, T1, ck and T3. Through the analysis of leaf structural traits, it was found that the leaf mass per area of A. mono, F. mandshurica, and T. amurensis was the highest under T1, while the leaf dry matter content of A. mono and F. mandshurica was the highest under T3. The leaf tissue density of F. mandshurica and T. amurensis was the highest under T1, while that of A. mono was the highest under T2. The relative content of chlorophyll in the leaves of each tree species showed no significant differences among the species. Conclusion Logging affects the photosynthetic characteristics and leaf structural traits of various tree species. Broadleaved species such as A. mono, F. mandshurica, and T. amurensis have the strongest carbon assimilation ability under T3, T2, and T1 intensities, and logging can improve their leaf structural parameters. The photosynthetic capacity of P. koraiensis decreases with increasing logging intensity, while leaf structural traits do not change with logging intensity. Low-intensity logging can promote photosynthetic capacity and efficiency of resource allocation of broadleaved species, while high-intensity logging can lead to the maladaptation of P. koraiensis. [Ch, 1 fig. 4 tab. 48 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 45-53.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250297
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to clarify the impacts of different pruning intensities on the growth and stem form of Erythrophleum fordii, so as to provide a theoretical basis for its pruning and cultivation. Method Taking a 4-year-old pure forest of E. fordii as the research object, four treatments were set up: no pruning (control, ck), low-intensity pruning (removing branches below 1/3 of tree height, T1), medium-intensity pruning (removing branches below 1/2 of tree height, T2), and high-intensity pruning (removing branches below 2/3 of tree height, T3). Each treatment consisted of 9 rows and 72 trees per plot, with four replicates. Tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), crown width, and under-branch height were measured for four consecutive years. ANOVA and multiple comparisons were employed to analyze the effects of different pruning treatments and years on growth (height, DBH, volume), crown dynamics (crown width), and stem form (height to diameter ratio, breast height form factor, under-branch height, crown height, and crown height rate. Result T1 significantly promoted DBH and volume of the tree (P＜0.05), with effects concentrated in the first year after pruning. T3 significantly inhibited tree height and volume growth in the first and third years after treatment, with the inhibitory effect on tree height reaching a significant level (P＜0.05). The regulation of crown width by pruning exhibited stage-specific characteristics, with crown width increasing instead of decreasing in the first year after pruning, negative growth occurring in the second year and weakening with increasing pruning intensity, and no significant difference in pruning intensity in the fourth year. Pruning significantly (P＜0.05) increased under-branch height but reduced crown height, crown height rate, breast height form factor, and height to diameter ratio, indicating that early pruning might reduce the bole fullness while optimizing the stem form. Conclusion The responses of growth to pruning showed significant annual fluctuations, with impacts mainly concentrated in the first year after pruning, and gradually weakening thereafter. After the fourth year, there is no significant effect. Considering both growth and stem form indicators, T1 achieves the optimal balance between DBH, volume, and under-branch height, and is the optimal strategy for cultivating large-diameter timber. [Ch, 2 fig. 7 tab. 25 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 54-65.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250163
Abstract:
Objective The objective is to study the vegetation restoration effects under 2 different topsoil utilization modes, and further clarify the topsoil utilization mode and configuration that requires less topsoil but achieves better vegetation restoration effects. Method Taking the core area of Dahaituo National Nature Reserve in Chicheng County, Hebei Province as the research area, 11 groups of spray seeding experiments and 7 groups of soil covering experiments were set up using planting troughs to study the indicators such as plant germination quantity, germination trend, survival rate, plant community characteristics, and plant community diversity. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method was employed to comprehensively analyze the vegetation restoration effects under the two topsoil utilization modes. Result (1) The overall vegetation restoration effect of soil covering was better than that of spray seeding, and the community composition was mainly herbaceous plants. Soil covering generally performed better in terms of plant germination quantity, species diversity, coverage and biodiversity index. (2) Soil covering mode (5 cm topsoil+8 cm bottom soil, and 4 cm topsoil+8 cm bottom soil) and seed spraying mode (5 cm test topsoil+8 cm test bottom soil, and 4 cm test topsoil+8 cm test bottom soil) can achieve good vegetation restoration effects and establish suitable native vegetation. (3) The entropy weight-TOPSIS method evaluation showed that the optimal vegetation restoration effects were achieved with the following soil treatments: surface layer 5 cm+ bottom layer 8 cm under soil covering utilization mode, and surface layer 5 cm+ bottom layer 8 cm under seed spraying utilization mode. Conclusion In order to achieve good vegetation restoration effect and reduce the amount of topsoil, it is recommended to cover the soil with 5 cm topsoil+8 cm bottom soil and spray seeding with 5 cm test topsoil+8 cm test bottom soil. [Ch, 5 fig. 6 tab. 31 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 66-75.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250198
Abstract:
Objective The WOX4 gene, a key member of the WOX gene family, is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. This study aims to investigate the biological function and expression regulation mechanism of PheWOX4c promoter in Phyllostachys edulis, and provide a reference for the regulation mechanism of the growth and development process of Ph. edulis. Method Based on the distribution of cis-acting elements identified by Plant CARE, plant expression vectors with different lengths of the 5′-end deletion promoter were constructed with the reporter gene GUS. Different environmental factors were selected for the treatment of transiently transformed leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. The full-length promoter and each length promoter fragment activities of PheWOX4c gene were analyzed by GUS staining, as well as the response pattern of promoters with different environmental factors. Result PheWOX4c gene promoter had multiple hormonal response elements such as salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), as well as cis-acting elements involved in abiotic stresses such as low temperature and drought. GUS staining revealed that the promoter activity of PheWOX4c gene was inhibited by SA, ABA, IAA and low temperature treatment. This indicated the presence of a response element negatively regulating SA and also a response element negatively regulating ABA between −507 and −137 bp of promoter sequence, whereas a response element positively regulating ABA was found between −137 and 0 bp. MeJA response enhancer elements were found between −2 045 and −1 745 and between −137 and 0 bp, and low temperature negative regulatory elements were found between −1 140 and −507 bp. Conclusion PheWOX4c gene promoter contains multiple hormonal response elements and abiotic stress response elements. Different regulatory elements respond differently to different hormones, indicating that PheWOX4c gene is regulated by multiple transcription factors, with a very complex upstream regulatory network. [Ch, 7 fig. 2 tab. 38 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 76-85.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250366
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of plant architecture in Prunus mume and clarify the role of AP2/ERF transcription factor family in branching regulation, so as to provide theoretical basis and candidate genes for the improvement of plant architecture in P. mume. Method PmERF011 gene sequence was obtained via gene cloning technology, and bioinformatics methods were employed to analyze its phylogenetic relationship and promoter cis-acting elements. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of PmERF011 in different tissues (roots, stems, and leaves) of P. mume were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). An overexpression vector was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana, followed by phenotypic observation and statistical analysis to verify its transgenic function. Result PmERF011 belonged to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, which was highly homologous to related species in Rosaceae family (P. persica and P. armeniaca), but significantly different from A. thaliana and Oryza sativa. The analysis of promoter cis-acting elements revealed that it contained methyl jasmonate and auxin response elements. The results of tissue-specific assay showed that PmERF011 had the highest expression level in roots and stem xylems, but lower expression level in leaves. The results of transgenic A. thaliana showed that overexpression of PmERF011 significantly increased the number of lateral branches in A. thaliana (P＜0.05). Conclusion PmERF011 has the function of promoting branch growth, which is a candidate gene for the improvement of plant architecture in P. mume and other Prunus species. [Ch, 7 fig. 2 tab. 46 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 86-95.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250246
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to explore the adaptation mechanism of Platycladus orientalis seedlings to weak light environment and clarify the alleviation effect of exogenous silicon on shading stress. Method Three-year-old P. orientalis seedlings were used as materials, covered with black nylon mesh, and subjected to four shading gradients: natural light, low shading, moderate shading, and high shading. Combined with 0 (Si0) and 2 mmol·L−1 (Si1) sodium silicate exogenous silicate treatment levels, a total of eight treatments were randomly set up. Physiological indicators such as growth, photosynthetic pigments, osmotic regulation, and antioxidant physiology of seedlings under different treatments were measured, and low-light adaptation characteristics of seedlings and the regulatory effect of silicon were analyzed Result (1) Shading treatment significantly inhibited the growth of ground diameter of P. orientalis by 5.18%−40.51% (Ρ＜0.05). The silicon treatment promoted the growth of ground diameter, and the thickening rate reached 4.72%−16.67%. The shading environment promoted plant height growth, but under natural light and low to moderate shading conditions, silicon application treatment inhibited plant height growth, indicating that silicon application within a certain range of light intensity exerted a dual regulatory effect of “ground diameter thickening-apical inhibition”. (2) As the light intensity decreased, the contents of chlorophyll a and b increased, while chlorophyll a/b showed a downward trend, which was beneficial to improving the capture efficiency of the photosynthetic system at week light intensity. (3) Light shading induced dynamic responses of osmotic regulatory substances. Soluble sugars and proline first increased then declined, while soluble proteins exhibited the inverse trend, which activated the antioxidant protection system such as elevating peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) (Ρ＜0.01) content. Exogenous silicon enhanced osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity, soluble sugars (SS) and proteins (SP) contents and POD activity, while reducing the mass molar concentration of MDA. Conclusion P. orientalis seedlings enhance their light capture capacity by increasing chlorophyll synthesis and activating antioxidant enzymes to improve their shade tolerance. Exogenous silicon can optimize morphogenesis to varying degrees, and enhance the osmotic regulation and antioxidant properties, thereby improving the ability of the seedlings to resist weak light stress. [Ch, 4 fig. 2 tab. 39 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 96-104.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250192
Abstract:
Objective To elucidate the physiological and biochemical effects of adding exogenous polyamines (PAs) on the embryogenic calli of Pinus koraiensis, which can enhance the proliferation ability of P. koraiensis embryogenic calli. Method By adding putrescine (Put), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) with different concentrations to the proliferation medium, the proliferation rate of embryonic calli were checked. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH) were analyzed. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of Put, Spm and Spd levels response to exogenous PAs were also determined. Result Exogenous PAs had a positive effect on the proliferation of embryogenic calli, with 5−30 mg·L−1 Put, 40−50 mg·L−1 Spm, and 10−20 mg·L−1 Spd exhibiting the most significant promoting effects. In the cultivation of three cell lines, 5−30 mg·L−1 Put increased proliferation by 2.22%−79.27%; 40−50 mg·L−1 Spm enhanced proliferation by 80.56%−141.12%; and 10−20 mg·L−1 Spd boosted proliferation by 61.25%−96.21%. Additionally, exogenous addition of PAs significantly reduced intracellular H2O2 content and antioxidant enzyme activities (P＜0.05) while increasing endogenous PAs and hormone levels within the cells. Specifically, exogenous supplementation of 50 mg·L−1 Spm could notably elevate the levels of endogenous PAs and hormones (P＜0.05). Exogenous addition of 10 mg·L−1 Put significantly increased intracellular ethylene and Spm contents (P＜0.05), whereas exogenous supplementation of 20 mg·L−1 Spd effectively promoted the increase in IAA, Put, and Spm contents. Conclusion The addition of exogenous PAs at appropriate concentrations can elevate endogenous PAs levels, hormone content, and antioxidant capacity, thereby facilitating the proliferation of embryogenic calli in P. koraiensis. [Ch, 4 fig. 35 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 105-115.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250193
Abstract:
Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the kinetics, thermodynamics, and mass transfer mechanism of extracting 10 deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ (10-DAB Ⅲ) and taxol from the branches and leaves of Taxus yunnanensis by mechanical stirring assistance and water bath heating. Method The first-order and second-order extraction kinetics models were fitted, and the empirical diffusion model was used to estimate temperature-dependent variation laws of the diffusion coefficient (De), mass transfer coefficient (KT) and Biot number (Biot) of 10-DAB Ⅲ and taxol in T. yunnanensis, so as to explain the mass transfer behavior during the extraction process. Result (1) The activation energy for the activation of 10-DAB Ⅲ and taxol by mechanical stirring-assisted extraction was 40.745 and 18.762 kJ·mol−1 respectively, higher than those obtained by water bath extraction (36.428 and 16.668 kJ·mol−1 respectively). The extraction rates of both mechanical stirring-assisted and water bath heating extraction methods increased with the rise of extraction temperature. Among the 2 extraction methods, 10-DAB Ⅲ and taxol had the highest extraction rates at an extraction temperature of 328 K. The mechanical stirring-assisted extraction rates of the 2 components were 84.40% and 93.88%, respectively, while the water bath heating extraction rates were 71.62% and 93.35% respectively. (2) The results of thermodynamic study on the extraction process indicated that the enthalpy change (\begin{document}$ \Delta H $\end{document} \begin{document}$ \Delta S $\end{document} \begin{document}$ \Delta G $\end{document} Conclusion The second-order extraction kinetics model better aligns with method of extracting 10-DAB Ⅲ and taxol from T. yunnanensis by mechanical stirring assistance, while the first-order model is suitable for the slow extraction of 10-DAB Ⅲ and taxol by water bath. Both the logarithm (lnk) of the solute extraction rate (k) and the logarithm (lnKe) of the equilibrium rate constant (Ke) exhibit a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the extraction temperature. The extraction process of 10-DAB Ⅲ and taxol from T. yunnanensis belongs to internal diffusion. [Ch, 6 fig. 3 tab. 32 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 116-124.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250218
Abstract:
Objective Chimonobambusa hejiangensis is an excellent bamboo species for bamboo shoots. Studying the differences in quality and flavor of bamboo shoots among different cultivars can provide significant references for targeted breeding of superior cultivars. Method The 3 Ch. hejiangensis cultivars were selected as research objects, with Phyllostachys edulis, Ph. violascens, and Bambusa multiplex as controls. Nutritional components, amino acids, and taste indicators were measured according to national standards. Quality and taste evaluations were conducted through difference analysis and correlation analysis. Result Ch. hejiangensis shoots exhibited higher soluble protein content and EAA/TAA ratio compared to control bamboo shoots, while total acid, tannin, total amino acids, and bitter amino acid contents were lower. Significant differences existed among the 3 cultivars: Ch. hejiangensis ‘Mantianxing’ showed the lowest total acid (0.85 g·kg−1) and tannin (364.67 mg·kg−1), lower than Ch. hejiangensis ‘Qiaobaixue’ and Ch. hejiangensis ‘Dawujin’. Ch. hejiangensis ‘Qiaobaixue’ had the highest total amino acids (2 288.4 mg·kg−1) and essential amino acids (785.8 mg·kg−1), while Ch. hejiangensis ‘Mantianxing’ achieved the highest EAA/TAA ratio (0.36). Ch. hejiangensis ‘Qiaobaixue’ had the highest proportion of bitter amino acids (26.67%), whereas Ch. hejiangensis ‘Mantianxing’ showed the highest proportions of umami (14.25%), sweet (25.66%), and aromatic amino acids (11.08%). In taste evaluation, Ch. hejiangensis ‘Qiaobaixue’ exhibited the strongest bitterness and astringency with the weakest umami, while Ch. hejiangensis ‘Mantianxing’ had minimal astringency and the strongest umami with umami aftertaste. Correlation analysis revealed that tyrosine were most positively correlated with astringency(r=0.964) and bitterness(r=0.955) and moderately correlated with tannin. Conclusion Ch. hejiangensis shoots possess superior nutritional quality. Ch. hejiangensis ‘Qiaobaixue’ excels in nutrient and amino acid content, its strong bitterness limits palatability. Ch. hejiangensis ‘Mantianxing’, with enhanced umami, reduced bitterness, minimal astringency, and optimal amino acid composition, demonstrates superior taste and nutritional value, making it the most suitable cultivar for shoot-oriented breeding. [Ch, 1 fig. 4 tab. 25 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 125-132.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250273
Abstract:
Objective To systematically analyze the glucosinolate (GSL) content in the leaves of different mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars, with the aim of investigating the effects of GSL content and composition on plant disease resistance. Method 4 stem mustard cultivars (B. juncea var. tumida), namely ‘Danainaicai’‘Ercai-01’‘Ercai-02’‘Yongzha No.2’, and 4 leaf mustard cultivars (B. juncea var. rugosa), namely ‘Ningboyinxue’‘Ningboxuelihong’‘Shuidongjiecai’‘Baobaoqingcai’, were selected as experimental materials to determine the GSL content in their leaves. Disease resistance was assessed by measuring plaque areas through live inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Result Significant differences were observed in the total GSL content among the leaves of different mustard cultivars. The total GSL content ranged from 1.851 to 4.844 µmol·g−1, while the aliphatic GSL (AGSL) content varied between 1.766 and 4.831 µmol·g−1. Both the total GSL and AGSL contents were highest in ‘Yongzha No. 2’ and lowest in ‘Ercai-02’. Indole GSL (IGSL) content ranged from 0.006 to 0.035 µmol·g−1, with the highest level in ‘Ercai-02’ and the lowest in ‘Danainaicai’. The GSL content of each component in ‘Shuidongjiecai’ fell into the intermediate range. Sinigrin (SIN) accounted for more than 95% of the total GSL content across all cultivars. At 12 hours post-inoculation, the plaque area of ‘Ercai-01’ was the largest. At 24 hours, the plaque area of ‘Baobaoqingcai’ was the largest, whereas ‘Yongzha No. 2’ exhibited the smallest plaque area at both time points. At 36 hours, ‘Ningboxuelihong’ had the largest plaque area, while ‘Danainaicai’ showed the smallest plaque area (P＜0.05). Conclusion The resistance of mustard cultivars to pathogenic bacteria was closely associate with the total amount, component content, and proportion of GSL. Stem mustard cultivars generally exhibited higher GSL content compared to leaf mustard cultivars. Among the test cultivars, ‘Yongzha No. 2’ demonstrated the strongest resistance to the nuclear plate fungus, followed by ‘Shuidongjiecai’. [Ch, 4 fig. 2 tab. 29 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 133-141.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250112
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of soil available phosphorus content on the growth of Zea mays, the allocation of photosynthetic products to the belowground parts, and the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities. It also explores the responses of maize to low-phosphorus stress and the impacts of these responses on the carbon dynamics in the rhizosphere soil. Method Root-box cultivation methods were employed to grow maize under high and low phosphorus conditions. Relevant indicators related to soil, roots, root exudates, plant samples, and microbial community structure were measured and analyzed. Result Under high phosphorus condition, the phosphorus content in maize leaves increased, which promoted the growth of both the aboveground and underground parts of maize. High phosphorus condition also increased the secretion of total root exudate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and enhanced the activities of chitinase, glucosidase, cellulase, and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere. Additionally, it significantly increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Gemmatimonadota in the rhizosphere (P＜0.05). Under low phosphorus condition, the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal and the content of easily extracted glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) were significantly higher than that under high phosphorus condition (P＜0.05). Conclusion Under low phosphorus condition, the mycorrhizal infection rate and the secretion efficiency of root exudates in maize were increased, and this promoted the growth of R-strategy microorganisms and the content of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in the rhizosphere. Under high phosphorus condition, the rhizosphere of maize has higher activities of chitinase, glucosidase, cellulase, and acid phosphatase. These enzyme activities are positively correlated with the relative abundance of K-strategy microorganisms. [Ch, 5 fig. 32 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 142-152.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250128
Abstract:
Objective This study investigates the influence of pyrolysis temperature and calcium-iron (Ca/Fe) modification on the pore structure of biochar and its phosphate adsorption performance, aiming to provide reference for the application of modified biochar in the field of water treatment. Method Biochars and Ca/Fe-modified biochars were synthesised at 300, 500, and 700 ℃, and characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate their microstructure and surface chemistry. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature, dosage, solution pH, and co-existing ions on phosphate removal. Furthermore, adsorption mechanisms were elucidated using isotherm and kinetic models. Result With increasing pyrolysis temperature, the pore structure of biochar developed progressively. Notably, Ca/Fe-modified biochar produced at 700 ℃ exhibited a highly ordered porous architecture and enlarged specific surface area, achieving a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 890.836 mg·g−1 and a removal efficiency of 90.32%. Adsorption isotherms fitted the Sips model, while kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of Ca(OH)2 at high temperature, which contributed to enhanced phosphate fixation. Adsorption performance was influenced by pH, dosage, and co-existing ions; alkaline conditions and optimised dosage improved phosphate removal, whereas competing anions such as \begin{document}${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $\end{document} \begin{document}$ {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2 - } $\end{document} Conclusion Tuning pyrolysis temperature and Ca/Fe modification significantly enhances the pore architecture and adsorption performance of biochar, offering an efficient material for phosphate removal from aqueous environments. [Ch, 5 fig. 4 tab. 32 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 153-165.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250126
Abstract:
Objective The study aims to explore the potential and mechanisms of iron-based modification in enhancing the adsorption and immobilization capacity of biochar for As(Ⅲ), and construct an effective carbon sequestration and arsenic control system. Method The common garden waste Ficus microcarpa stems and leaves was used as the raw material for making biochar. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted in combination with various analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structural properties of the raw biochar (FMB), ferric chloride-modified biochar (FC-FMB), ferric sulfate-modified biochar (FS-FMB), and polymerized ferric sulfate-modified biochar (PFS-FMB) were systematically investigated, along with their adsorption performance and mechanisms for As(Ⅲ) in aqueous solutions. Result Iron-based modification effectively increased the specific surface area of biochar by 3.36 to 4.22 times. Moreover, the modified biochar surfaces were enriched with more functional groups, and iron oxides were successfully loaded onto the biochar surface. At the pH value of 5, PFS-FMB achieved the highest removal rate of As(Ⅲ), reaching 91.16%, which was significantly higher than that of other biochar types. Adsorption kinetics analysis showed that the adsorption process of As(Ⅲ) followed the Elovich kinetic model, while the adsorption isotherms fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of 4 kinds of biochars for As(Ⅲ) from high to low were PFS-FMB (13.53 mg·g−1), FS-FMB (6.36 mg·g−1), FC-FMB (3.11 mg·g−1), FMB (1.29 mg·g−1). The adsorption of As(Ⅲ) by iron-based modified biochar was mainly chemical adsorption, which achieved through surface complexation. The adsorption mechanism involved the coordination between arsenite anions and iron oxides, as well as the complexation of surface hydroxyl functional groups. Conclusion Iron-based modified biochar is an efficient arsenic adsorbent, among which PFS-FMB demonstrated the best adsorption performance. [Ch, 9 fig. 3 tab. 50 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 166-174.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250158
Abstract:
Objective By covering the substrate sediment of Vallisneria natans with cobblestone substrate at different coverage rates, discussion on the ability and effect of V. natans in purifying water pollution in different growth environments, providing data support for water ecological restoration and application. Method From May to October 2024, using sandy loam soil as the substrate for planting V. natans and pebbles as the covering substrate, artificial planting experiments were conducted to study the purification effect of V. natans on total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and arsenic (As) in water at cobblestone coverage rates of 0, 30%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. Result Under different coverage rates of cobblestone substrate, the purification of TN, TP and As in water by V. natans was different. With the increase of coverage rate, the overall removal rate of pollutants in water increased first, then decreased, and then increased. V. natans itself was the main way to purify water quality, followed by pollutant precipitation and the adsorption of substrate sediment and cobblestones. The TN removal rate was highest when the cobblestones coverage rate was 30%, decreasing from the initial 31.33 mg·L−1 to 1.59 mg·L−1, with a removal rate of 94.93%. The TP removal rate was highest when the cobblestones coverage was 30%, decreasing from the initial 1.56 mg·L−1 to 0.04 mg·L−1, with a removal rate of 97.43%. The removal rate of As was highest when the cobblestones coverage was 30%, decreasing from the initial 967.33 μg·L−1 to 4.00 μg·L−1, with a removal rate of 99.59%. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P＜0.05) in the removal efficiency of TN, TP and As in water with different cobblestones coverage rates. Conclusion The coverage rate of cobblestones have an impact on the purification of water quality by V. natans. When the coverage rate was 30%, V. natans has the best removal effect on TN, TP, and As in the water. [Ch, 4 fig. 3 tab. 37 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 175-185.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250182
Abstract:
Objective To address the challenges of difficult degradation of azo anionic dyes in environmental wastewater treatment and the poor environmental adaptability of traditional adsorbents, this study aimed to develop a novel composite hydrogel based on agricultural and forestry biomass (lignin) for efficient dye adsorption, thereby providing a new strategy for the preparation of green materials of water treatment. Method A novel lignin-based composite hydrogel (HPAAM-VIM-LS) was synthesized via free radical copolymerization. Its microstructure and chemical composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile/compression tests were performed to evaluate thermal stability and mechanical properties. Adsorption experiments investigated its adsorption performance and reusability for the anionic dye Congo red (CR). The adsorption mechanism was elucidated by analyzing adsorption kinetics and isotherm models in conjunction with structural characterization. Result HPAAM-VIM-LS exhibited a three-dimensional porous network structure. Its surface, rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl, and imidazolium cationic groups, provided abundant active sites. The thermal decomposition temperature exceeded 189.9 ℃. The material demonstrated a tensile strain of 746%, an elastic modulus of 15.15 MPa, and high adsorption efficiency across pH 5.0−8.0 and temperatures of 25−55 ℃. Under optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 35 ℃), a CR removal rate of 96.4% and a maximum adsorption capacity of 490.58 mg·g−1 were achieved. Structural analysis revealed that the adsorption mechanism was synergistically driven by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, π—π stacking, pore filling, and coordination. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was jointly controlled by external/intraparticle diffusion and chemisorption. HPAAM-VIM-LS maintained a CR removal rate more than 85% after 7 adsorption-desorption cycles. Conclusion This study successfully prepared an environmentally friendly lignin-based composite hydrogel, HPAAM-VIM-LS, combining high adsorption capacity, broad environmental adaptability, and excellent mechanical properties. It provides an efficient and sustainable solution for the resource utilization of lignin and the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. [Ch, 11 fig. 3 tab. 29 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 186-196.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250202
Abstract:
Objective The aim is to explore the relationship between ecosystem services and the well-being of local people, which is of great significance for promoting sustainable development in national parks. Method Taking Dongning area of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park as a case study, an analytical framework of ecosystem services and the well-being of local residents was constructed from the perspective of residents’ perception, and the coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the relationship between the two. Result (1) Both the social relationship (P=0.000) and basic material needs (P=0.000) of farmers were significantly lower than those of forest workers. The social relationship (P=0.043) and basic material needs (P=0.001) in core areas were significantly lower than those in general areas. (2) The perception of cultural services (P=0.000) and support services (P=0.025) in core areas was significantly lower than that in general areas. Compared with forest workers, farmers had significantly weaker perception of cultural services (P = 0.000) and supporting services (P = 0.004), but significantly stronger perception of supply services (P = 0.006). (3) The coupling coordination between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being was poor, with 75% of the study area in a moderate imbalance or transitional state. The overall dimensional differences showed an unbalanced feature of “services leading, well-being lagging”, with particularly weak coordination between cultural services and basic material needs, safety and health, social relations and spiritual well-being. Conclusion Group difference and regional balance should be considered in the formulation of national park policy, so as to enhance the sustainable development of ecosystem services and the well-being of local residents. [Ch, 5 fig. 7 tab. 31 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 197-207.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250146
Abstract:
Objective As a province in China to initiate the identification and protection of agricultural heritage, Zhejiang Province leads the country in the number of important agricultural heritage sites both in China and worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of agricultural heritage in Zhejiang, which provides valuable insights for the conservation and sustainable utilization of agricultural heritage across China. Method Based on 205 agricultural heritage sites recognized by Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Zhejiang Province in 2024, the spatial pattern, morphology, and concentration degree were analyzed by using ArcGIS 10.2. Combined with the topography of Zhejiang Province, agricultural heritage sites were classified spatially, and influencing factors were examined. Result The spatial distribution of agricultural heritage in Zhejiang was characterized by an overall dispersed pattern and small-scale multi-point aggregation. The concentration of agricultural heritage was relatively high at the city level, mainly concentrated in Lishui and Quzhou. At the county level, Longyou County exhibited the highest concentration. Zhejiang’s agricultural heritage zones were spatially divided into high mountain agricultural heritage zone in hilly areas of west Zhejiang, plain and basin agricultural heritage zone in Jinqu Basin of central Zhejiang, water town agricultural heritage zone in plains of north Zhejiang, composite agricultural heritage zone in hilly areas of east Zhejiang, and marine and fishery agricultural heritage zone in southeast coastal plains and islands. Conclusion The spatial distribution pattern of agricultural heritage in Zhejiang is mainly influenced by a combination of natural factors, including elevation, climate, and hydrological systems, as well as socio-economic factors such as economic development level, population, urbanization rate, and historical culture. [Ch, 6 fig. 37 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 208-218.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250164
Abstract:
Plant belowground foraging traits are crucial for plant nutrient acquisition and environmental adaptation. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability, as key driving factors, have a profound impact on plant belowground nutrient acquisition strategies. First, it introduces the classification of plant belowground foraging traits. This include absorptive root traits (morphology, architecture, and proliferation), mycorrhizal traits (mycorrhizal fungal colonization rate and hyphal density), and exudation traits (root carbon exudation rate and root enzyme activity). Subsequently, it illustrates the effects of N and P addition on these foraging traits. Regarding absorptively root traits, studies have shown that the effects of N and P addition vary depending on tree species and nutrient conditions. Plants optimize resource acquisition by altering their morphology, architecture, and proliferation characteristics. For mycorrhizal traits, mycorrhizal fungi regulate belowground resource acquisition through differentiated strategies (For example, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rely on hyphal extension for inorganic nutrient uptake, while ectomycorrhizal fungi secrete enzymes to decompose organic matter), however, N and P addition generally suppress mycorrhizal colonization rates. As for exudation traits, root acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase, which are key indicators reflecting plant P and N acquisition and metabolism, were significantly regulated by N and P addition. Next, it also explores the coordination mechanisms among belowground foraging traits. This includes synergies and trade-offs among traits, as well as cost-benefit optimization in resource allocation. Finally, addressing current research gaps, future research directions are proposed, focusing on N-P interactions, the synergistic response mechanisms among root secretory traits, absorptive roots, and mycorrhizal traits, in situ observations of mature plants in the field, and foraging strategies of different mycorrhizal types of tree species. These directions aim to deepen our understanding of plant belowground nutrient acquisition strategies and their adaptation mechanisms to environmental changes, providing a scientific basis for the management of forest ecosystems. [Ch, 2 tab. 95 ref.]
Plant belowground foraging traits are crucial for plant nutrient acquisition and environmental adaptation. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability, as key driving factors, have a profound impact on plant belowground nutrient acquisition strategies. First, it introduces the classification of plant belowground foraging traits. This include absorptive root traits (morphology, architecture, and proliferation), mycorrhizal traits (mycorrhizal fungal colonization rate and hyphal density), and exudation traits (root carbon exudation rate and root enzyme activity). Subsequently, it illustrates the effects of N and P addition on these foraging traits. Regarding absorptively root traits, studies have shown that the effects of N and P addition vary depending on tree species and nutrient conditions. Plants optimize resource acquisition by altering their morphology, architecture, and proliferation characteristics. For mycorrhizal traits, mycorrhizal fungi regulate belowground resource acquisition through differentiated strategies (For example, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rely on hyphal extension for inorganic nutrient uptake, while ectomycorrhizal fungi secrete enzymes to decompose organic matter), however, N and P addition generally suppress mycorrhizal colonization rates. As for exudation traits, root acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase, which are key indicators reflecting plant P and N acquisition and metabolism, were significantly regulated by N and P addition. Next, it also explores the coordination mechanisms among belowground foraging traits. This includes synergies and trade-offs among traits, as well as cost-benefit optimization in resource allocation. Finally, addressing current research gaps, future research directions are proposed, focusing on N-P interactions, the synergistic response mechanisms among root secretory traits, absorptive roots, and mycorrhizal traits, in situ observations of mature plants in the field, and foraging strategies of different mycorrhizal types of tree species. These directions aim to deepen our understanding of plant belowground nutrient acquisition strategies and their adaptation mechanisms to environmental changes, providing a scientific basis for the management of forest ecosystems. [Ch, 2 tab. 95 ref.]
2026, 43(1): 219-228.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20250219
Abstract:
The slope where forest fire occurs is typically covered with the ash layer of the fire, which is a critical factor altering post-fire hydrological and erosional processes on hill slopes. Due to the multiple opposing effects of forest fire ash coverage on slope hydrological and erosional processes, the superimposed effects may lead to highly variable and context-dependent results. By reviewing relevant research literature, the impact mechanism and role of forest fire ash on slope hydrological and erosional processes are summarized. The fire ash layer covers the soil surface, forming a dual system of fire ash and soil. The “ash blanket” effect or sealing effect of forest fire ash can increase or decrease slope permeability and water holding capacity. The erodibility or crust formation sealing can either reduce or increase the slope’s resistance to erosion. The erosion and migration of forest fire ash layer on the slope may form fire ash patches or mud, which reduces or increases the surface runoff erosion capacity. Fire ash particles and their aqueous solutions infiltrating into soil can alter soil physicochemical properties through multiple pathways: potentially diminishing infiltration capacity via pore clogging, enhancing erosion resistance through promoting formation of soil aggregates, and exerting long-term impacts by either facilitating or inhibiting ecological recovery via fertilization effects or biological toxicity. Identification of dominant impact mechanism of forest fire ash on slope hydrological and erosional processes under specific wildfire, precipitation, and soil conditions is crucial to improving the simulation ability of post fire hydrological erosion and the accuracy of risk prediction. [Ch, 73 ref.]
The slope where forest fire occurs is typically covered with the ash layer of the fire, which is a critical factor altering post-fire hydrological and erosional processes on hill slopes. Due to the multiple opposing effects of forest fire ash coverage on slope hydrological and erosional processes, the superimposed effects may lead to highly variable and context-dependent results. By reviewing relevant research literature, the impact mechanism and role of forest fire ash on slope hydrological and erosional processes are summarized. The fire ash layer covers the soil surface, forming a dual system of fire ash and soil. The “ash blanket” effect or sealing effect of forest fire ash can increase or decrease slope permeability and water holding capacity. The erodibility or crust formation sealing can either reduce or increase the slope’s resistance to erosion. The erosion and migration of forest fire ash layer on the slope may form fire ash patches or mud, which reduces or increases the surface runoff erosion capacity. Fire ash particles and their aqueous solutions infiltrating into soil can alter soil physicochemical properties through multiple pathways: potentially diminishing infiltration capacity via pore clogging, enhancing erosion resistance through promoting formation of soil aggregates, and exerting long-term impacts by either facilitating or inhibiting ecological recovery via fertilization effects or biological toxicity. Identification of dominant impact mechanism of forest fire ash on slope hydrological and erosional processes under specific wildfire, precipitation, and soil conditions is crucial to improving the simulation ability of post fire hydrological erosion and the accuracy of risk prediction. [Ch, 73 ref.]
Bimonthly, Start in 1984
Supervisor：Department of Education of Zhejiang Province
Sponsor：Zhejiang A&F University
Editor-in-Chief：WU Jiasheng
Editor：Editorial Department of Journal of Zhejiang A&F University
Tel：0571-63732749
E-mail：zlxb@zafu.edu.cn
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