Changes of soil organic carbon storage and carbon components in typical meadow communities in Napahai
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摘要:
目的 探索不同地下水位埋深引起纳帕海典型草甸湿地土壤碳组分的变化特征及其与环境因子的耦合关系，为理解高原湿地土壤碳循环过程提供数据支撑。 方法 2020年11月，在纳帕海湿地选择地下水埋深由高到低的疏花早熟禾Poa pratensis群落、鼠曲草Gnaphalium affine群落和云雾薹草Carex nubigena群落3种典型草甸群落作为研究对象，比较土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳的质量分数以及沿土层的分布特征，并分析碳组分与植物多样性和土壤理化因子之间的关系。 结果 随着地下水埋深降低，不同典型草甸群落土壤总有机碳储量(0~40 cm土层)呈减少趋势，从高到低依次为疏花早熟禾群落(47.55 t ·hm−2)、云雾薹草群落(42.28 t ·hm−2)、鼠曲草群落(32.14 t ·hm−2)，并沿土层加深而降低，其中鼠曲草群落土壤总有机碳储量下降幅度最大；土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳和颗粒有机碳均随地下水埋深降低而减少，变幅为1.8~3.4倍；土壤有机碳组分质量分数沿土层加深而降低，下降1.0~3.4倍；植物生物量、植物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数均随着地下水埋深的降低而减小，降幅达1.5~2.8倍；土壤含水量、pH、全磷同样显著减少(P＜0.05)；冗余分析(RDA)和相关性分析表明：植物地上生物量、土壤含水量、容重、全氮和全磷对地下水埋深变化的响应最为强烈，是影响纳帕海典型草甸群落土壤有机碳组分变化的主控因子。 结论 纳帕海湿地典型草甸土壤有机碳组分质量分数及垂直分布的特征主要取决于不同地下水埋深所引起的植物地上生物量及土壤理化状况的改变。因此，在纳帕海湿地典型草甸群落的保护过程中，建议对地下水位进行监测，防止地下水位过低对湿地碳库稳定性造成影响。图3表4参42 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the change characteristics of soil organic carbon(SOC) components in typical meadow wetlands of Napahai caused by different groundwater levels and their coupling relationship with environmental factors, so as to provide data support for understanding the process of soil carbon cycle in plateau wetlands. Method 3 typical meadow communities of different underground water levels were selected as the research objects in Napahai Wetland in November 2020. The concentration of soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and total organic carbon(TOC), easily oxidized carbon(EOC), and particle organic carbon(POC) as well as the distribution pattern of carbon pool along soil profile were compared. The relationship between carbon components, plant diversity and soil physicochemical factors was analyzed. Result The total soil carbon stocks of different meadow communities (0−40 cm soil layer) ranking from high to low were Poa pratensis community (47.55 t ·hm−2), Carex nubigena community (42.28 t ·hm−2), and Gnaphalium affine community (32.14 t ·hm−2), which decreased along the deepening of soil layers. Soil TOC storage decreased the most in G. affine community. Soil TOC, MBC, EOC and POC decreased with the decrease of groundwater depth, ranging from1.8 to 3.4 times. SOC component decreased by 1.0−3.4 times along the deepening of soil layer in the communities of P. pratensis, C. nubigena and G. affine. Plant biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity index of plant community, Pielou evenness index, Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index all decreased by 1.5−2.8 times along the decrease of groundwater depth. Soil water content (SWC), pH and total phosphorus (TP) contents also significantly decreased with decreasing depth of groundwater. RDA redundancy and Pearson correlation analysis showed that aboveground biomass, SWC, soil bulk density(SBD), total nitrogen(TN), and TP had the strongest response to the change in groundwater depth, and were the controlling factors affecting changes of SOC components in typical meadow communities in Napahai. Conclusion The mass fraction and vertical distribution of SOC components in typical meadows of Napahai wetland mainly depend on the change of plant aboveground biomass and soil physicochemical properties caused by different groundwater depths. Therefore, in the process of protecting typical meadow wetlands in Napahai, it is recommended to monitor the groundwater level to prevent the impact of low groundwater level from affecting the stability of wetland carbon pool. [Ch, 3 fig. 4 tab. 42 ref.] -
图 1 纳帕海典型草甸群落土壤有机碳储量变化
Figure 1 Vertical variations in soil organic carbon storages in typical meadow communities of Napahai
图 2 纳帕海典型草甸群落土壤有机碳组分质量分数的特征
Figure 2 Characteristics of soil organic carbon components in typical meadow communities of Napahai
图 3 纳帕海典型草甸群落土壤有机碳组分与环境因子间的冗余分析
Figure 3 Redundancy analysis of the soil organic carbon components in typical meadow communities of Napahai
表 1 样地基本信息
Table 1. Basic information of the sampling sites
群落类型 纬度(N) 经度(E) 地下水埋深/cm 优势植物 盖度/% 土壤类型 疏花早熟禾群落(PP) 27°50′43.46″ 99°39′7.86″ −58.5±8.5 疏花早熟禾、牡蒿Artemisia japonica 90 草甸土 鼠曲草群落(GA) 27°50′43.46″ 99°38′34.60″ −112.0±6.8 鼠曲草、平车前 Plantago depressa 88 草甸土 云雾薹草群落(CN) 27°49′56.13″ 99°38′55.26″ −150.0±1.5 云雾薹草、车前P. asiatica 83 草甸土 
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表 2 纳帕海典型草甸群落地上生物量和多样性特征
Table 2. Characteristics of above-ground biomass and diversity in typical meadow community of Napahai
样地名称 地上生物量/(g·m−2) Shannon-Wiemer多样性指数 Pielou均匀度指数 Margalef丰富度指数 Simpson优势度指数 疏花早熟禾群落 646.94±69.16 a 3.71±0.02 a 0.93±0.01a 13.11±0.38 a 0.92±0.02 a 鼠曲草群落 337.45±43.66 b 2.87±0.01 b 0.87±0.06 b 9.49±0.68 b 0.86±0.01 b 云雾薹草群落 229.58±1.87 c 1.58±0.30 c 0.57±0.09 c 5.19±0.39 c 0.62±0.07 c 说明：同列不同小写字母表示不同典型草甸群落多样性差异显著(P＜0.05)。数值为平均值±标准误
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表 3 纳帕海典型草甸群落土壤理化性质特征
Table 3. Characteristics of soil physicochemical properties of typical meadow communities of Napahai
植物群落 地下水位/cm 土层深度/cm 土壤含水量/% 容重/(g·cm−3) pH 全氮/(g·kg−1) 全磷/(g·kg−1) 全钾/(g·kg−1) 疏花早熟禾群落 −58.5 0~20 26.66±0.85 Aa 1.01±0.01 Cb 8.54±0.08 Aa 1.38±0.03 Ab 0.54±0.03 Aa 33.59±2.34 Ba 20~40 24.29±0.70 Ba 1.22±0.03 Ab 8.54±0.06 Aa 0.85±0.08 Ba 0.48±0.03 Ba 35.90±0.45 Aa 0~40 25.48±0.61 Aa 1.11±0.02 Bb 8.35±0.37 Aa 1.20±0.16 Ab 0.51±0.03 Aa 30.57±2.45 Ca 鼠曲草群落 −112.0 0~20 22.17±0.40 Ab 1.23±0.12 Aa 4.97±0.11 Ac 1.44±0.16 Ab 0.47±0.04 Ab 28.03±0.57 Ab 20~40 20.65±0.37 Cc 1.32±0.04 Aa 5.44±0.41 Ac 0.91±0.02 Ba 0.38±0.03 Bb 28.36±0.24 Ab 0~40 21.41±0.28 Bc 1.28±0.10 Aa 5.14±0.27 Ac 1.31±0.17 Ab 0.42±0.03 Ab 28.45±1.39 Aa 云雾薹草群落 −150.0 0~20 25.61±0.52 Aa 0.96±0.03 Cc 6.87±0.25 Ab 1.84±0.11 Aa 0.46±0.02 Ab 34.03±0.91 Aa 20~40 21.58±0.72 Bb 1.28±0.04 Aa 7.28±0.45 Ab 0.93±0.42 Ba 0.39±0.01 Cb 28.78±0.20 Cb 0~40 23.59±3.70 Aa 1.12±0.01 Bb 7.07±0.52 Ab 1.70±0.19 Aa 0.42±0.01 Bb 32.60±3.74 Ba 说明：不同大写字母表示同一典型草甸群落不同土层差异显著(P＜0.05)，不同小写字母表示不同典型草甸群落相同土层差异显著(P＜0.05)。数值为平均值±标准误
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表 4 土壤有机碳储量及碳组分质量分数与环境因子之间的相关系数
Table 4. Correlation coefficients between the soil organic carbon components and environment factors of soil
指标 Shannon-Wierner
指数Pielou
指数Margalef
指数Simpson
指数地上生
物量土壤含
水量容重 pH 全氮 全磷 全钾 总有机碳 0.718** 0.784** 0.664** 0.791** 0.612** 0.343* −0.596** −0.100 0.585** 0.259 0.265 微生物生物量碳 0.645** 0.654** 0.616** 0.649** 0.564** 0.290 −0.372* 0.144 0.339* 0.335* 0.057 易氧化有机碳 0.204 0.169 0.272 0.176 0.448** 0.129 −0.068 0.097 −0.116 0.086 0.137 颗粒有机碳 0.773** 0.767** 0.775** 0.765** 0.859** 0.620** −0.758** 0.172 0.482** 0.439** 0.370* 有机碳储量 0.457** 0.549** 0.402* 0.558** 0.409* 0.097 −0.256 −0.250 0.381* 0.065 0.112 说明：*P＜0.05; **P＜0.01
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