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木材陶瓷是由日本青森工业试验场的冈部敏弘和斋藤幸司采用木材或其他木质材料,在热固性树脂中浸渍后真空炭化而成的一种新型碳素材料[1-2]。木材陶瓷作为一种新型生物质陶瓷材料,具有多孔、导电、自润滑等特性,在摩擦、过滤、吸附、电磁屏蔽、房暖等领域有广阔的应用前景[3]。近年来,以木材为原料制备木材陶瓷的研究颇多且比较深入,而以竹材原料研制竹材陶瓷的报道较少。但中国木材资源较贫乏,而竹林面积、竹材产量却居世界之首[4]。故以竹材为原料研制竹材陶瓷,对于节约木材资源、保护生态环境等具有十分重要的意义。虽然中国竹材加工利用水平居世界领先地位,是大量的竹材加工剩余物——竹碎料,除部分用作锅炉辅助燃料、烧制竹炭等以外,多数没能开发利用,资源浪费较严重。若用竹碎料制造竹材陶瓷,就为其加工利用提供了新的途径。目前,有少数学者以竹粉、竹片、竹炭等为原料,进行了竹材陶瓷制造工艺、性能等研究[5-9],但未见以竹碎料为原料研制竹材陶瓷的报道。因此,本研究在前期研究的基础上[10],以竹地板生产中竹片精刨加工的剩余物-精刨竹碎料为原料研制竹材陶瓷,主要探讨烧结工艺对竹材陶瓷性能和结构等的影响规律,可为竹碎料的高效加工利用提供理论参考。
Sintering technology of bambooceramics prepared from bamboo particles with phenol-formaldehyde resin
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摘要: 以精刨竹碎料和酚醛树脂为原料,采用高温真空炭化烧结工艺制备了竹材陶瓷,研究了烧结工艺对竹材陶瓷性能、物相组成和微观结构等的影响。结果表明:①烧结温度对竹材陶瓷的尺寸收缩率有较大影响,当烧结温度为600~1 200 ℃时,竹材陶瓷的尺寸收缩率大于20%范围内;②竹材陶瓷的密度减少率在600~1 000 ℃范围内,随着烧结温度的升高逐渐降低,在1 000~1 200 ℃范围内,随着烧结温度的升高逐渐增加;③随着烧结温度的升高,竹材陶瓷的炭得率降低、静曲强度和弹性模量升高、石墨化程度逐渐增强;④酚醛树脂经高温炭化后形成的硬质玻璃碳对竹材细胞起填充、强化作用;⑤竹材陶瓷的较佳烧结温度范围为800~1 000 ℃。图7参15Abstract: To determine the effects of sintering technology on microstructure, phase identification, and properties of bambooceramics, a new bambooceramics was prepared by carbonizing in a vacuum at high temperatures using phenol-formaldehyde resin and precision-shaved bamboo particles as raw materials. Results showed that (1) sintering temperatures had a strong influence on the dimension shrinkage ratio of the bambooceramic and was greater than 20% when the sintering temperature was 600-1 200 ℃. Also, (2) the density reduction ratio of bambooceramics gradually decreased with an increase in the sintering temperature from 600 ℃ to 1 000 ℃, then gradually increased from 1 000 ℃ to 1 200 ℃. Next, (3) with an increase in sintering temperature, the carbon yield ratio of bambooceramics decreased, its modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased, and its degree of graphitization gradually increased. Finally, (4) the hard glass carbon from phenol resin formed by high temperature carbonization filled and reinforced the bamboo cell, thereby improving (5) the sintering temperature range of bambooceramics to 800-1 000 ℃.[Ch, 7 fig. 15 ref.]
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2016.03.014