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透明木材因其独特的光、热、力学属性,在智能透光建筑、光电子器件、家居材料等方面有着巨大的应用前景[1−3]。通过在树脂中引入功能基团或纳米材料,一系列功能化透明木材,如荧光透明木材、紫外/红外屏蔽透明木材、隔热透明木材等,相继被开发出来,进一步扩宽了透明木材的应用领域[4−6]。然而,由于木材稀缺和国家的环保政策,寻找低成本高质量的替代原料具有现实意义,而竹子以其快速生长和良好性能成为潜在的替代品[7−8]。但是,由于竹材较高密度和组织结构的差异,竹材在制成透明材料时面临着渗透和保持结构完整性的挑战[9−11]。WANG等[12]使用质量浓度为1%的氢氧化钠溶液预处理竹子,成功制备出透光率为80%的透明竹材。WANG等[13]利用碱性过氧化氢体系对竹材中木质素进行改性处理,制备出结构更为完整且力学性能更强的透明竹材。但是,目前所报道的大多数透明竹材是以原竹竹筒进行剖分、去青去黄、刨平而得到的窄长竹块为原材料[14−15],其宽度一般不超过20 mm,因此存在幅面尺寸太小导致应用受限的问题。针对此问题,WANG等[16]以刨切竹单板为原料(刨切竹单板是由原竹经过高温软化、展平和刨切制得,此过程会轻微破坏和降解竹材的结构和成分,使其脱木素过程难度加大),提出利用丙三醇三缩水甘油醚(PTGE)预交联竹材后再脱木素的策略,成功制备出更大幅面(135 mm × 135 mm × 1 mm)的透明竹材,推进了透明竹材的大幅面化应用。尽管大尺寸透明竹材已被成功制备,但其功能性和应用场景有待进一步丰富和挖掘。因此,本研究鉴于透明木材的功能化应用,通过对刨切竹单板依次进行脱木素处理、掺杂荧光微胶囊环氧树脂的真空浸渍处理、超疏水处理,制备出具有荧光、超疏水双功能透明竹材,对所制备透明竹材的微观结构、化学成分、光学性能、力学性能、热学性能以及超疏水性能等进行了表征与研究,以期为竹基功能化材料的发展和应用以及竹材的高值化利用提供科学依据。
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