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雷竹Phyllostachys violascens是一种优良的笋用竹种,在浙江、安徽等省都有广泛的分布。近年来,以冬季地表覆盖和大量施肥为核心的雷竹集约栽培技术已在生产上大面积推广,为当地带来了显著的经济效益。但是,大量施肥对当地的生态环境也带来了较大风险,如氮磷养分流失、水体富营养化以及土壤污染等[1-2]。此外,雷竹林长期集约栽培也导致土壤养分大量积累、pH值大幅下降以及土壤生物学性质恶化等后果,使雷竹林提前退化,影响经济效益[3-4]。长期集约经营的雷竹林土壤微生物量碳、氮含量均显著下降[5]。对土壤微生物群落结构的分析结果表明,土壤细菌群落结构在长期集约经营后发生了较大程度的改变,且多样性指数大幅下降,其中pH值是主要的影响因子[6]。由于长期的单一经营,加上酸化严重,土壤真菌大量繁殖,土传病害也较严重。因此,施用土壤杀菌剂对于杀灭有害微生物、保护雷竹林健康可持续发展具有重要的意义。氰氨化钙又名石灰氮,是一种碱性肥料,可为土壤提供氮、钙等营养元素。因其具有较强的碱性,过去常作为酸性土壤改良剂。研究表明[7-9]:氰氨化钙可有效抑制、杀灭根结线虫,防治枯萎病、根肿病、菌核病等土传病害,解决连作障碍;补充作物生长过程中所需的钙素营养,提高作物抗逆性,改善品质[10]。作为一种具有无残留的农药和肥料双重功效的药肥,近年来氰氨化钙在设施菜地土壤的改良上已被推广使用[10]。目前,雷竹林地施用氰氨化钙改良土壤所采用的用量大多凭经验,尚没有较为合理的推荐用量。此外,施用氰氨化钙对雷竹林土壤微生物学性质,如土壤微生物生物量、土壤酶活性等的影响也没有相关报道。因此,针对退化雷竹林,研究不同施用量氰氨化钙对土壤理化性质及微生物学特性的影响,并提出建议施用量,对于评估氰氨化钙的功效和生态风险具有重要意义,同时也能为退化雷竹林改良提供重要的参考依据。
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