-
竹炭(bamboo charcoal)是竹材在无氧或缺氧条件下高温热解得到的产品,在生产竹炭的过程中还能得到副产品竹醋液(bamboo pyroligneous liquor),是目前竹材加工领域中利用率最高、附加值最大的科技产品之一。竹炭拥有大孔、中孔和微孔各种孔隙结构,比表面积可达382 m2·g-1,因此有较强的吸附性能,可广泛应用于空气净化[1-4]、水质净化[5-15]和土壤改良[16-17]等领域;竹炭显微构造类似并接近于洋葱状富勒烯碳和展开的碳纳米管的特殊结构,因此,具有能产生远红外线,释放负离子的特性,可开发保健日用产品[18-22];同时,竹炭还具有良好导电性,可开发抗静电、电磁屏蔽、超级电容器电极等功能型新材料。笔者就竹炭导电机制、竹炭导电性影响因素、竹炭及其复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能、竹炭超级电容器电极材料等方面研究进展进行了综述,旨在提出该领域今后的研究发展方向。
Research progress on bamboo charcoal's electrical conductivity and its application
-
摘要: 分析了竹炭导电机制主要由离子引起或π电子移动以及与形成石墨化程度有关的研究, 从竹林立地条件、竹材部位、炭化工艺、竹炭微观结构、竹炭粒径大小及竹炭的基本理化性能指标等方面分析其对竹炭导电的影响, 再综述了竹炭及其复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能、竹炭电容器电极等领域应用研究进展, 最后从竹炭生产技术、导电理论及应用领域存在的不足, 提出了今后重点研究的4个方向。Abstract: The mechanism that bamboo charcoal's electrical conductivity was generated by the ion or π electron movement and related to the graphitization degree was analyzed in this paper. The impact of bamboo forest site conditions, different parts of bamboo timber, carbonization process, microstructure, particle size, and the basic physical and chemical performance indicators of bamboo charcoal on its charcoal conductivity were also analyzed. The progress of application research on bamboo charcoal and its composite's electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, and bamboo charcoal capacitor electrode was reviewed. Given the existing deficiencies of bamboo charcoal production techniques, bamboo charcoal conductive theory and application, the paper suggested the future trend of research and development in this field.
-
Key words:
- wood science and technology /
- bamboo charcoal /
- electrical conductivity /
- property /
- review
-
[1] 池嵨庸元.竹炭は効く[M].東京:致知出版社, 1999:1-52. [2] 杨磊, 陈清松, 赖寿莲, 等.竹炭对甲醛的吸附性能研究[J].林产化学与工业, 2005, 25(1):77-78. YANG Lei, CHEN Qingsong. LAI Shoulian, et al. Study on adsorption of formaldehyde by bamboo charcoal[J]. Chem Ind For Prod, 2005, 25(1):77-78. [3] 张文标, 李文珠, 张宏.竹炭·竹醋液的生产与应用[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2006:52-55. [4] 张文标. Fe3+/TiO2改性竹炭催化降解甲醛的研究[J].林业科学, 2012, 48(4):113-118. ZHANG Wenbiao. Catalytic degradation of formaldehyde with Fe3+/TiO2 modified bamboo charcoal[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2012, 48(4):113-118. [5] ABE I, FUKUHARA T, MARUYAMA J, et al. Preparation of carbonaceous adsorbents for removal of chloroform from drinking water[J]. Carbon, 2001, 39(7):1069-1073. [6] MIZUTA K, MATSUMOTO T, HATATE Y, et al. Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2004, 95(3):255-257. [7] YOSHIMURA T, TSUCHIDA K, AOYAMA Y, et al. Measurement of water purification process of bamboo charcoal by using the multichannel measurement system with seven ion-selective electrodes[J]. Tech Pep IEICE OME, 2001, 52:43-47. [8] IHARA Y, AOYAMA K, IMAMURA C. Adsorption of Phenol and Bisphenol from Aqueous Solution onto Bamboo Charcoals[R]. Yamaguchi:Symposium of Yamaguchi Prefectural University, 2006:81-88. [9] LIAO Peng, ZHAN Zhengyi, DAI Jing, et al. Adsorption of tetracycline and chloramphenicol in aqueous solutions by bamboo charcoal:a batch and fixed-bed column study[J]. Chem Eng J, 2013, 228:496-505. [10] LIAO Peng, YUAN Songhu, ZHANG Wenbiao, et al. Mechanistic aspects of nitrogen-heterocyclic compound adsorption on bamboo charcoal[J]. J Coll Interf Sci, 2012, 382(1):74-81. [11] LIAO Peng, ISMAEL Z M, ZHANG Wenbiao, et al. Adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions by microwave modified bamboo charcoal[J]. Chem Eng J, 2012, 195/196:339-346. [12] LIAO P, YUAN Songhu, XIE Wenjing, et al. Adsorption of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds on bamboo charcoal:kinetics, thermodynamics, and microwave regeneration[J]. J Coll Interf Sci, 2013, 390(1):189-195. [13] 张文标, 钱新标, 马灵飞.不同炭化温度的竹炭对重金属离子的吸附性能[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2009, 33(6):20-24. ZHANG Wenbiao, QIAN Xinbiao MA Lingfei. Adsorption properties of bamboo charcoal under different carbonized temperatures for heavy metal ions[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2009, 33(6):20-24. [14] 周珊, 虞方伯, 郭明, 等.竹炭固定化紫外诱变假单胞菌处理间甲酚废水的研究[J].林业科学, 2011, 47(9):114-118. ZHOU Shan, YU Fangbo, GUO Ming, et al. Removal of m-cresol wastewater by immobilizing UV mutated Pseudomonas sp. on bamboo-carbon[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2011, 47(9):114-118. [15] 罗舒君, 周培国, 张齐生, 等.竹炭曝气生物滤池去除水中有机物的研究[J].水处理技术, 2009, 35(3):86-89. LUO Shujun, ZHOU Peiguo, ZHANG Qisheng, et al. Organic removal of wastewater by bamboo biological aerated filter[J]. Technol Water Treatment, 2009, 35(3):86-89. [16] ITANI N, UENO H, TSURUMI T. Effects of mulching with bamboo charcoal on weed growth and soil chemical properties in roadside plantings[J]. Shikoku J Crop Sci, 2004, 41:46-47. [17] 傅秋华, 张文标, 钟泰林, 等.竹炭对土壤性质和高羊茅生长的影响[J].浙江林学院学报, 2004, 21(2):159-163. FU Qiuhua, ZHANG Wenbiao, ZHONG Tailin, et al. Bamboo charcoal's effect on the soil characteristics and fescue arundinacea growth[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2004, 21(2):159-163. [18] 张文标, 叶良明, 张宏, 等.竹炭生产和应用[J].竹子研究汇刊, 2001, 20(2):49. ZHANG Wenbiao, YE Liangming, ZHANG Hong, et al. Production and application of bamboo charcoal[J]. J Bamb Res, 2001, 20(2):49. [19] 张文标, 李文珠, 曾凡地.竹炭的红外辐射特性[J].浙江林学院学报, 2008, 25(5):573-577. ZHANG Wenbiao, LI Wenzhu, ZENG Fandi. Infrared radiation with bamboo charcoal[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2008, 25(5):573-577. [20] 周建斌.竹炭环境效应及作用机理的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2005:56-61. ZHOU Jianbin. Study on the Mechanism of Action and in Environmental Protection[D]. Nanjing:Najing Forestry University, 2005:56-61. [21] 张齐生, 周建斌.竹炭的神奇功能人类的健康卫士[J].林产工业, 2007, 34(1):1-7. ZHANG Qisheng, ZHOU Jianbin. Outstanding functions of bamboo charcoal[J]. China For Prod Ind, 2007, 34(1):1-7. [22] 杉浦銀治, 鳥羽曙, 谷田貝光克.竹炭·竹酢液つくり方生かし方[R].東京:創森社, 2004:1-239. [23] CHENG H M, ENDO H, OKABE T, et al. Graphitization behavior of wood ceramics and bamboo ceramics as determined by X-ray diffraction[J]. J Porous Mat, 1999, 6(3):233-237. [24] 张文标, 华毓坤, 叶良明.竹炭导电机理的研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2002, 26(4):47-50. ZHANG Wenbiao, HUA Yukun, YE Liangming. A study on mechanism of electric conduction of bamboo charcoal[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2002, 26(4):47-50. [25] NISHIMIYA K, HATA T, ISHIHARA S. Preliminary mechanism and clarification of electrical conduction through wood charcoal[J]. Wood Res Bull Wood Res Inst Kyoto Univ, 1995, 82:34-36. [26] 赵丽华, 余养伦, 林守富, 等.竹炭电阻率的初步探讨[J].林产化工通讯, 2003, 37(3):14-17. ZHAO Lihua, YU Yanglun, LIN Shoufu, et al. A preliminary study on bamboo charcoal's electric resistivity[J]. J Chem Ind For Prod, 2003, 37(3):14-17. [27] 江泽慧, 张东升, 费本华, 等.炭化温度对竹炭微观结构及电性能的影响[J].新型炭材料, 2004, 19(4):249-253. JIANG Zehui, ZHANG Dongsheng, FEI Benhua, et al. Effects of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and electrical conductivity of bamboo charcoal[J]. New Carbon Mat, 2004, 19(4):249-253. [28] 林新春, 林绕, 张文标, 等.浙江省炭用毛竹的DNA多态性与理化性能分析[J].江西农业大学学报, 2007, 29(6):965-969. LIN Xinchun, LIN Rao, ZHANG Wenbiao, et al. DNA polymorphisms and physicochemical properties of Phyllostachys pubescens for bamboo charcoal of Zhejiang Province[J]. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi, 2007, 29(6):965-969. [29] 张文标.竹炭·竹醋液的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2002:32-65. ZHANG Wenbiao. Study on Bamboo Charcoal and Bamboo Vinegar[D]. Nanjing:Najing Forestry University, 2002:32-65. [30] NOMURA T. On electric characteristics of bamboo charcoal[G]//Editorial Committee. Mechanism and Science of Bamboo Charcoal and Bamboo Vinegar. Beijing:China Forestry Press, 2001:174-185. [31] YOKOCHI H, KIMURA S. Electric resistance of bamboo charcoal[C]//JIANG Z. Symposium of International Academic Discussion on Bamboo Charcoal & Bamboo Vinegar in 2001. Beijing:China Forestry Press, 2001:171-173. [32] 岩田圭司.導電性竹炭パテ材とその製造方法:日本, 特許公開平10-251564[P]. 1998-09-22. [33] 邵千钧, 徐群芳, 范志伟, 等.竹炭导电率及高导电率竹炭制备工艺研究[J].林产化学与工业, 2002, 22(2):54-56. SHAO Qianjun, XU Qunfang, FAN Zhiwei, et al. Study on electroconductivity of bamboo charcoal and technology of preparing high electro conductive bamboo charcoal[J]. Chem Ind For Prod, 2002, 22(2):54-56. [34] 黄国雄, 余欣怡, 乌羽曙.土窯炭化温度对桂竹竹炭真密度与电阻系数之影响[J].台湾林业科学, 2004, 19(3):237-245. HUANG Guoxiong, YU Xinyi, TOBA A. Effects of carbonization temperatures in an earthen kiln on the true density and electric resistivity of makino bamboo charcoal[J]. Taiwan J For Sci, 2004, 19(3):237-245. [35] 傅秋华, 翁益明, 张文标, 等.竹炭电阻率与其理化性能间的关系[J].浙江林业科技, 2003, 23(4):15-17. FU Qiuhua, WENG Yiming, ZHANG Wenbiao, et al. Study on relationship between resistivity and physio-chemical properties of bamboo charcoal[J]. J Zhejiang For Sci Technol, 2003, 23(4):15-17. [36] 郑志锋, 蒋剑春, 孙康, 等.竹炭超微粉制备与性能结构初步研究[J].西南林学院学报, 2010, 30(4):73-74. ZHENG Zhifeng, JIANG Jiangchun, SUN Kang, et al. Preliminary study on preparation and characteristics of ultrafine bamboo charcoal powder[J]. J Southwest For Univ, 2010, 30(4):73-74. [37] 朱江涛, 黄正宏, 康飞宇, 等.竹炭的性能和应用研究进展[J].材料导报, 2006, 24(4):42-43. ZHU Jiangtao, HUANG Zhenghong, KANG Feiyu, et al. Development of performance and application of bamboo charcoal[J]. Mat Rev, 2006, 24(4):42-43. [38] 松永一彦, 西和枝, 新村孝善, 他.竹炭の電気的物性と電磁波シールド効果[J].科学技術文献速報, 2009, J00024559:56-59. MATSUNAGA K, KAMINO Y, NISHI K, et al. Bamboo charcoal conductivity and electromagnetic effect[J]. Corr Bull Sci Technol, 2009, J00024559:56-59. [39] 石原茂久, 井出勇, 長澤長八郎, 他.炭素複合材料の耐火性能と電磁波遮へい性能[J].材料, 1993, 42(473):147-152. ISHIHARA S, IDE I, NAGASAWA C, et al. Fire endurance and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of carbon-based composites[J]. J Soc Mat Sci Jpn, 1993, 42(473):147-152. [40] 井出勇, 石原茂久, 樋口尙登, 他.竹炭からの機能性炭素複合材料素材の開発とその応用[J].材料, 1994, 43(485):152-157. IDE I, ISHIHARA S, HIGUCHI H, et al. Carbon-based composites from bamboo charcoal and its applications[J]. J Soc Mat Sci Jpn, 1994, 43(485):152-157. [41] LIN J H, CHEN A P, LIN C M, et al. Manufacture technique and electrical properties evaluation of bamboo charcoal polyester/stainless steel complex yarn and knitted fabrics[J]. Fib Polym, 2010, 11(6):856-860. [42] 黄彪, 高尚愚.竹炭、竹醋液生产技术与应用研究综述[J].福建林学院学报, 2003, 23(1):93-96. HUANG Biao, GAO Shangyu. A brief review on development of production and application of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar[J]. J Fujian Coll For, 2003, 23(1):93-96. [43] 邓丛静, 周建斌, 王双, 等.竹炭/硅橡胶高导电复合材料的制备及性能研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 34(6):129-132. DENG Congjing, ZHOU Jianbin, WANG Shuang, et al. Preparation and properties investigation of bamboo charcoal/silicone rubber composites with high electric conductivity[J]. J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2010, 34(6):129-132. [44] 叶良明, 钱俊, 张宏, 等.电磁屏蔽的炭基板及其制作方法:中国, 03108727.2.[P]. 2003-09-17. [45] 闫国棋.载铜竹炭的制备及电磁屏蔽效能研究[D].临安:浙江农林大学, 2013:30-37. YAN Guoqi. Study on Preparation and Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Bamboo Charcoal Supporting Copper[D]. Lin'an:Zhejiang A & F University, 2013:30-37. [46] WU K H, TING T H, LIU C I, et al. Electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/bamboo charcoal core-shell nanocomposites compos[J]. Comp Sci Technol, 2008, 68(1):132-139. [47] WU K H, TING T H, WANG G P, et al. Synthesis and microwave electromagnetic characteristics of bamboo charcoal/polyaniline composites in 2-40GHz[J]. Synth Met, 2008, 158(17/18):688-694. [48] 刘洪波, 常俊玲, 张红波, 等.竹炭基高比表面积活性炭电极材料的研究[J].炭素技术, 2003, 22(5):1-7. LIU Hongbo, CHANG Junling, ZHANG Hongbo, et al. Study of bamboo-based activated carbon with high specific surface area for electric double-layer capacitor[J]. Carbon Tech, 2003, 22(5):1-7. [49] 白翔, 陈晓红, 张东升, 等.竹炭基超级电容器电极材料的制备和电化学性质[J].炭素技术, 2009, 28(1):9-13. BAI Xiang, CHEN Xixohong, ZHANG Dongsheng, et al. Preparation and electrochemical properties of bamboo-based electrode materials for supercapacitor[J]. Carbon Tech, 2009, 28(1):9-13. [50] 宁娈, 陈晓红, 宋怀河, 等. MnO2/竹炭超级电容器电极材料的性能[J].北京化工大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 37(2):66-69. NING Luan, CHEN Xiaohong, SONG Huaihe, et al. Study of MnO2/bamboo-based activated carbon composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors[J]. J Beijing Univ Chem Technol Nat Sci, 2010, 37(2):66-69. [51] 张勇, 王力臻, 张爱勤, 等.超级电容器用竹炭的制备及其电容性能[J].电子元件与材料, 2010, 29(8):35-38. ZHANG Yong, WANG Lizhen, ZHANG Aiqin, et al. Preparation and capacitance characteristics of bamboo charcoal for supercapacitors[J]. Electr Comp Mat, 2010, 29(8):35-38. [52] 王力臻, 方华, 张爱勤, 等.微波辐射法制备竹炭电极材料[J].电池, 2010, 40(2):77-79. WANG Lizhen, FANG Hua, ZHANG Aiqin, et al. Bamboo carbon electrode materials prepared by microwave radiation process[J]. Bat Bimonth, 2010, 40(2):77-79. [53] 张文标, 章卫钢, 李文珠.竹粉活性炭的制备及性能研究[J].竹子研究汇刊, 2011, 29(4):36-41. ZHANG Wenbiao, ZHANG Weigang, LI Wenzhu. Preparation and property study of bamboo powder activated charcoal[J]. J Bamb Res, 2011, 29(4):36-41. [54] 张玲, 曹忠, 陈平, 等.基于竹炭基活性炭电极的电吸附去离子性能的研究[J].功能材料, 2008, 39(10):1727-1730. ZHANG Ling, CAO Zhong, CHEN Ping, et al. Electrosorptive deionization with activated carbon electrodes based on bamboo chars[J]. J Funct Mat, 2008, 10(39):1727-1730. [55] 张玲, 夏畅斌, 陈平, 等.竹炭基活性炭电极电容去离子模拟装置的研究[J].工业水处理, 2009, 29(3):19-22. ZHANG Ling, XIA Changbin, CHEN Ping, et al. Preparation and performance of electrodeionization simulator based on bamboo-based activated carbon electrodes capacitance[J]. Ind Water Treatment, 2009, 29(3):19-22. [56] 顾玲, 庄凰龙, 王纯, 等.竹炭修饰碳糊电极上多巴胺的电化学行为研究及分析应用[J].药物分析杂志, 2010, 30(8):1533-1536. GU Ling, ZHUANG Huanglong, WANG Cun, et al. Electrochemical behavior and its application of dopamine at bamboo charcoal modified carbon paste electrode[J]. Chin J Pharm Anal, 2010, 30(8):1533-1536. [57] LEE B J, KIM Y J, HORIE Y, et al. Bamboo-based activated carbons as an electrode material for electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs)[J]. Carbon, 2004, 4:1-4. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2014.04.022
计量
- 文章访问数: 5011
- HTML全文浏览量: 682
- PDF下载量: 663
- 被引次数: 0