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土壤盐渍化作为植物生长的非生物胁迫因素,严重限制了农作物的生产和经济的可持续发展,是近几十年来持续扩大的世界性农业问题[1−2]。据估计,全球超过9亿hm2的土地受到盐渍化影响,大约为全球灌溉土壤的1/3,此外,受盐渍化影响的土壤表面积每年增加约1%~2%[3]。土壤的特性之一就是在空间和时间上并不是匀称的质体,是一种持续的时空变异体,具备高强度的时空异质性[4−5],这就是土壤的时空变异性。土壤盐分在土壤剖面层的这种变异性会引起植物生长以及耐盐力的变化。
关于盐分对植物的危害以及植物耐盐机制的研究已有很多,集中在形态特征、生理生化以及分子机制方面。特别是近些年来,随着分子生物学的发展,在基因组成、表达调控及信号转导等分子水平上探讨植物潜在耐盐机制的相关研究[6−7]不断增加。但是这些植物的耐盐性研究大多是在均匀盐分含量下进行的,在异质盐胁迫下的相关研究较少。然而,土壤盐分的空间分布是高度可变的[8−9],即使在单个植物的根际,盐分含量也可能发生很大的变化[10],这种土壤盐分的不均匀性对植物能否在盐碱地生长有很大的影响。因此,深入了解植物在异质盐胁迫下的响应模式对盐碱地作物生产具有重要的意义。鉴于此,本研究综述了土壤盐分空间异质性的成因以及植物对土壤空间异质性分布的响应,以期为未来土壤异质性的相关研究提供参考。
Research progress on the causes of spatial heterogeneity of soil salinity and its effects on plants’ growth
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摘要: 盐胁迫是农业生产的重要限制因子之一,土壤中的盐分在时间和空间上呈现普遍的异质性,植物对这种盐分差异性十分敏感。深入了解植物对异质盐胁迫的响应模式,对于改善植物在非一致性盐胁迫下的抗性具有十分重要的意义。实际农业生产中,植物对土壤异质盐胁迫的响应存在较大差异。本研究综述了土壤盐分异质性分布成因及近年来盐分空间异质性对植物生长影响的研究进展,主要内容包括:①土壤盐分空间异质性成因及分布;②土壤盐分空间异质性对植物地上部生长的影响;③植物根系对土壤盐分空间异质性的响应;④土壤盐分空间异质性对植物生长和根区盐分含量的关系。展望了土壤盐分空间异质性对植物生长影响的可行性研究。参65Abstract: Since salinity is one of the major restraints for agricultural production, and plants are sensitive to the general heterogeneous variability in salt over time and space, it is of great importance to investigate the response patterns of plants to heterogeneous salt stresses which can shed some light on the improvement of plant resistance under nonuniform salt stress. However, studies conducted on plant salt stress so far have mainly focused on homogeneous salt stress, which is very different from the heterogeneous salt stress phenomenon in soils in actual agricultural production. In view of this, this paper is aimed at a review of the causes of soil salinity heterogeneity distribution and recent research progress on plants under salinity spatial heterogeneity, including: (1) the causes and distribution of soil salinity spatial heterogeneity; (2) effects of soil salinity spatial heterogeneity on plant above-ground growth; (3) plant root system response to soil salinity spatial heterogeneity and (4) the relationship between plant growth and root zone salt concentration under soil salinity spatial heterogeneity. This paper provides an insight into the feasibility study of the effects of spatial heterogeneity of soil salinity on plant growth for the subsequent research on heterogeneous salt stress. [Ch, 65 ref.]
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Key words:
- soil /
- heterogeneous salt stress /
- plant growth /
- response mechanism /
- research progress
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