-
土壤盐渍化作为植物生长的非生物胁迫因素,严重限制了农作物的生产和经济的可持续发展,是近几十年来持续扩大的世界性农业问题[1−2]。据估计,全球超过9亿hm2的土地受到盐渍化影响,大约为全球灌溉土壤的1/3,此外,受盐渍化影响的土壤表面积每年增加约1%~2%[3]。土壤的特性之一就是在空间和时间上并不是匀称的质体,是一种持续的时空变异体,具备高强度的时空异质性[4−5],这就是土壤的时空变异性。土壤盐分在土壤剖面层的这种变异性会引起植物生长以及耐盐力的变化。
关于盐分对植物的危害以及植物耐盐机制的研究已有很多,集中在形态特征、生理生化以及分子机制方面。特别是近些年来,随着分子生物学的发展,在基因组成、表达调控及信号转导等分子水平上探讨植物潜在耐盐机制的相关研究[6−7]不断增加。但是这些植物的耐盐性研究大多是在均匀盐分含量下进行的,在异质盐胁迫下的相关研究较少。然而,土壤盐分的空间分布是高度可变的[8−9],即使在单个植物的根际,盐分含量也可能发生很大的变化[10],这种土壤盐分的不均匀性对植物能否在盐碱地生长有很大的影响。因此,深入了解植物在异质盐胁迫下的响应模式对盐碱地作物生产具有重要的意义。鉴于此,本研究综述了土壤盐分空间异质性的成因以及植物对土壤空间异质性分布的响应,以期为未来土壤异质性的相关研究提供参考。
Research progress on the causes of spatial heterogeneity of soil salinity and its effects on plants’ growth
-
摘要: 盐胁迫是农业生产的重要限制因子之一,土壤中的盐分在时间和空间上呈现普遍的异质性,植物对这种盐分差异性十分敏感。深入了解植物对异质盐胁迫的响应模式,对于改善植物在非一致性盐胁迫下的抗性具有十分重要的意义。实际农业生产中,植物对土壤异质盐胁迫的响应存在较大差异。本研究综述了土壤盐分异质性分布成因及近年来盐分空间异质性对植物生长影响的研究进展,主要内容包括:①土壤盐分空间异质性成因及分布;②土壤盐分空间异质性对植物地上部生长的影响;③植物根系对土壤盐分空间异质性的响应;④土壤盐分空间异质性对植物生长和根区盐分含量的关系。展望了土壤盐分空间异质性对植物生长影响的可行性研究。参65Abstract: Since salinity is one of the major restraints for agricultural production, and plants are sensitive to the general heterogeneous variability in salt over time and space, it is of great importance to investigate the response patterns of plants to heterogeneous salt stresses which can shed some light on the improvement of plant resistance under nonuniform salt stress. However, studies conducted on plant salt stress so far have mainly focused on homogeneous salt stress, which is very different from the heterogeneous salt stress phenomenon in soils in actual agricultural production. In view of this, this paper is aimed at a review of the causes of soil salinity heterogeneity distribution and recent research progress on plants under salinity spatial heterogeneity, including: (1) the causes and distribution of soil salinity spatial heterogeneity; (2) effects of soil salinity spatial heterogeneity on plant above-ground growth; (3) plant root system response to soil salinity spatial heterogeneity and (4) the relationship between plant growth and root zone salt concentration under soil salinity spatial heterogeneity. This paper provides an insight into the feasibility study of the effects of spatial heterogeneity of soil salinity on plant growth for the subsequent research on heterogeneous salt stress. [Ch, 65 ref.]
-
Key words:
- soil /
- heterogeneous salt stress /
- plant growth /
- response mechanism /
- research progress
-
[1] ETESAMI H, GLICK B R. Halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria: prospects for alleviating salinity stress in plants[J/OL]. Environ Exp Bot, 2020, 178: 104124[2022-02-06]. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104124. [2] FLOWERS T J, FLOWERS S A. Why does salinity pose such a difficult problem for plant breeders? [J]. Agric Water Manage, 2005, 78(1/2): 15 − 24. [3] MACHADO R M A, SERRALHEIRO R P. Soil salinity: effect on vegetable crop growth. management practices to prevent and mitigate soil salinization[J/OL]. Horticulturae, 2017, 3(2): 30[2022-02-06]. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae3020030. [4] 李菊梅, 李生秀. 几种营养元素在土壤中的空间变异[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1998, 16(2): 58 − 64. LI Jumei, LI Shengxiu. Spacial variations of some nutrient elements in soil [J]. Agric Res Arid Areas, 1998, 16(2): 58 − 64. [5] 李菊梅, 李生秀. 几种营养元素在土壤中的分布类型[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1998, 16(1): 69 − 75. LI Jumei, LI Shengxiu. The distribution type of some nutrient elements in soil [J]. Agric Res Arid Areas, 1998, 16(1): 69 − 75. [6] CABELLO J V, LODEYRO A F, ZURBRIGGEN M D. Novel perspectives for the engineering of abiotic stress tolerance in plants [J]. Curr Opin Biotech, 2014, 26: 62 − 70. [7] ZHANG Ming, SMITH J A C, HARBERD N P, et al. The regulatory roles of ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant salt stress responses [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2016, 91(6): 651 − 659. [8] BAZIHIZINA N, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, COLMER T D. Plant growth and physiology under heterogeneous salinity [J]. Plant Soil, 2012, 354(1): 1 − 19. [9] BAZIHIZINA N, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, COLMER T D. Plant responses to heterogeneous salinity: growth of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia is determined by the root-weighted mean salinity of the root zone [J]. J Exp Bot, 2012, 63(18): 6347 − 6358. [10] LI Congjuan, LI Yan, MA Jian. Spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical properties at fine scales induced by Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae) plants in a sandy desert [J]. Ecol Res, 2011, 26(2): 385 − 394. [11] 王政权, 王庆成. 森林土壤物理性质的空间异质性研究[J]. 生态学报, 2000, 20(6): 945 − 950. WANG Zhengquan, WANG Qingcheng. The spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties in forests [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2000, 20(6): 945 − 950. [12] 陈丽娟, 冯起, 成爱芳. 民勤绿洲土壤水盐空间分布特征及盐渍化成因分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 27(11): 99 − 105. CHEN Lijuan, FENG Qi, CHENG Aifang. Spatial distribution of soil water and salt contents and reasons of saline soils development in the Minqin Oasis [J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2012, 27(11): 99 − 105. [13] 张华艳, 牛灵安, 郝晋珉, 等. 黑龙港流域微地貌与地下水深埋对土壤潜在盐渍化的影响[J]. 水土保持通报, 2018, 38(5): 83 − 90. ZHANG Huayan, NIU Ling’an, HAO Jinmin, et al. Effect of micro-topography and groundwater depth on soil potential salinization in Heilonggang basin [J]. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2018, 38(5): 83 − 90. [14] BENNETT S J, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, COLMER T D. Salinity and waterlogging as constraints to saltland pasture production: a review [J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2009, 129(4): 349 − 360. [15] TANJI K K. Salinity in the soil environment[M]// LAUCHLI A, LUTTGE U. Salinity: Environment-Plants-Molecules. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2002. [16] ROBBINS C W, WAGENET R J, JURINAK J J. A combined salt transport-chemical equilibrium model for calcareous and gypsiferous soils [J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1980, 44: 1191 − 1194. [17] VETTERLEIN D, KUHN K, SCHUBERT S, et al. Consequences of sodium exclusion for the osmotic potential in the rhizosphere-comparison of two maize cultivars differing in Na+ uptake [J]. J Soil Sci Plant Nut, 2004, 167(3): 337 − 344. [18] FLOWERS T J, YEO A R. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: where next? [J]. Funct Plant Biol, 1995, 22(6): 875 − 884. [19] CARTER J L, VENEKLAAS E J, COLMER T D, et al. Contrasting water relations of three coastal tree species with different exposure to salinity [J]. Physiol Plant, 2006, 127(3): 360 − 373. [20] BORNMAN T G, ADAMS J B, BATE G C. Freshwater requirements of a semi-arid supratidal and floodplain salt marsh [J]. Estuaries, 2002, 25(6): 1394 − 1405. [21] CETIN M, KIRDA C. Spatial and temporal changes of soil salinity in a cotton field irrigated with low-quality water [J]. J Hydrol, 2003, 272(1/4): 238 − 249. [22] YAKIR D, YECHIELI Y. Plant invasion of newly exposed hypersaline Dead Sea shores [J]. Nature, 1995, 374(6525): 803 − 805. [23] HARSHBERGER J W. An hydrometric investigation of the influence of sea water on the distribution of salt marsh and estuarine plants [J]. Proc Am Philos Soc, 1911, 50: 457 − 496. [24] FLOWERS T J, COLMER T D. Salinity tolerance in halophytes [J]. New Phytol, 2008, 179(4): 945 − 963. [25] WEAVER J E, JEAN F C, CRIST J W. Development and Activities of Roots of Crop Plants: A Study in Crop Ecology[M]. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1922. [26] HUNTER A S, KELLEY O J. A new technique for studying the absorption of moisture and nutrients from soil by plant roots [J]. Soil Sci, 1946, 62(6): 441 − 450. [27] LUNIN J, GALLATIN M H. Zonal salinization of the root system in relation to plant growth [J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1965, 29(5): 608 − 612. [28] BINGHAM F T, GARBER M J. Zonal salinization of the root system with NaCl and boron in relation to growth and water uptake of corn plants [J]. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 1970, 34(1): 122 − 126. [29] KIRKHAM M B, GARDNER W R, GERLOFF G C. Leaf water potential of differentially salinized plants [J]. Plant Physiol, 1969, 44(10): 1378 − 1382. [30] BAZIHIZINA N, COLMER T D, BARRETT-LENNARD E G. Response to non-uniform salinity in the root zone of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia: growth, photosynthesis, water relations and tissue ion concentrations [J]. Ann Bot, 2009, 104(4): 737 − 745. [31] ZEKRI M, PARSONS L R. Response of split-root sour orange seedlings to NaCl and polyethylene glycol stresses [J]. J Exp Bot, 1990, 41(1): 35 − 40. [32] KONG Xiangqiang, LUO Zhen, DONG Hezhong, et al. Effects of non-uniform root zone salinity on water use, Na+ recirculation, and Na+ and H+ flux in cotton [J]. J Exp Bot, 2012, 63(5): 2105 − 2116. [33] LYCOSKOUFIS I H, SAVVAS D, MAVROGIANOPOULOS G. Growth, gas exchange, and nutrient status in pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ) grown in recirculating nutrient solution as affected by salinity imposed to half of the root system [J]. Sci Hortic, 2005, 106(2): 147 − 161. [34] SONNEVELD C, DE KREIJ C. Response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ) to an unequal distribution of salts in the root environment [J]. Plant Soil, 1999, 209(1): 47 − 56. [35] MAVROGIANOPOULOS G, SAVVAS D, VOGLI V. Influence of NaCl-salinity imposed on half of the root system of hydroponically grown tomato on growth, yield, and tissue mineral composition [J]. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol, 2002, 77(5): 557 − 564. [36] MULHOLLAND B J, FUSSELL M, EDMONDSON R N, et al. The effect of split-root salinity stress on tomato leaf expansion, fruit yield and quality [J]. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol, 2002, 77(5): 509 − 519. [37] SONNEVELD C, VOOGT W. Response of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) to an unequal distribution of nutrients in the root environment [J]. Plant Soil, 1990, 124(2): 251 − 256. [38] TABATABAEI S J, GREGORY P J, HADLEY P. Distribution of nutrients in the root zone affects yield, quality and blossom end rot of tomato fruits [J]. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol, 2004, 79(1): 158 − 163. [39] MCNICKLE G G, Jr CAHILL J F. Plant root growth and the marginal value theorem [J]. PNAS, 2009, 106(12): 4747 − 4751. [40] SARADADEVI R, BRAMLEY H, SIDDIQUE K H M, et al. Reprint of “Contrasting stomatal regulation and leaf ABA concentrations in wheat genotypes when split root systems were exposed to terminal drought” [J]. Field Crop Res, 2014, 165: 5 − 14. [41] CHEN Sheng, WANG Zhenchang, GUO Xiangping, et al. Effects of vertically heterogeneous soil salinity on tomato photosynthesis and related physiological parameters [J]. Sci Hortic, 2019, 249: 120 − 130. [42] SUN Juanjuan, YANG Gaowen, ZHANG Wenjun, et al. Effects of heterogeneous salinity on growth, water uptake, and tissue ion concentrations of alfalfa [J]. Plant Soil, 2016, 408(1): 211 − 226. [43] FENG Xiaohui, AN Ping, GUO Kai, et al. Growth, root compensation and ion distribution in Lycium chinense under heterogeneous salinity stress [J]. Sci Hortic, 2017, 226: 24 − 32. [44] KONG Xiangqiang, LUO Zhen, DONG Hezhong, et al. H2O2 and ABA signaling are responsible for the increased Na+ efflux and water uptake in Gossypium hirsutum L. roots in the non-saline side under non-uniform root zone salinity [J]. J Exp Bot, 2016, 67(8): 2247 − 2261. [45] XIONG Xue, WEI Yuqi, CHEN Jihui, et al. Transcriptome analysis of genes and pathways associated with salt tolerance in alfalfa under non-uniform salt stress [J]. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2020, 151: 323 − 333. [46] FLEMING A J. Plant signalling: the inexorable rise of auxin [J]. Trends Cell Biol, 2006, 16(8): 397 − 402. [47] MURASE K, HIRANO Y, SUN Taiping, et al. Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1 [J]. Nature, 2008, 456(7221): 459 − 463. [48] LIU Anqi, QU Zhongyi, NACHSHON U. On the potential impact of root system size and density on salt distribution in the root zone[J/OL]. Agric Water Manage, 2020, 234: 106118[2022-01-20]. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106118. [49] REEF R, MARKHAM H L, SANTINI N S, et al. The response of the mangrove Avicennia marina to heterogeneous salinity measured using a split-root approach [J]. Plant Soil, 2015, 393(1): 297 − 305. [50] SHANI U, WAISEL Y, ESHEL A, et al. Responses to salinity of grapevine plants with split root systems [J]. New Phytol, 1993, 124(4): 695 − 701. [51] BAZIHIZINA N, VENEKLAAS E J, BARRETT-LENNARD E G, et al. Hydraulic redistribution: limitations for plants in saline soils [J]. Plant Cell Environ, 2017, 40(10): 2437 − 2446. [52] MARTORELLO A S Q, GYENGE J E, FERNANDEZ M E. Morpho-physiological response to vertically heterogeneous soil salinity of two glycophyte woody taxa, Salix matsudana × S. alba and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh [J]. Plant Soil, 2017, 416: 343 − 360. [53] VANDELEUR R, NIEMIETZ C, TILBROOK J, et al. Roles of aquaporins in root responses to irrigation [J]. Plant Soil, 2005, 274(1): 141 − 161. [54] KALDENHOFF R, FISCHER M. Functional aquaporin diversity in plants [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2006, 1758(8): 1134 − 1141. [55] MAUREL C, VERDOUCQ L, LUU D T, et al. Plant aquaporins: membrane channels with multiple integrated functions [J]. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2008, 59: 595 − 624. [56] MURIES B, FAIZE M, CARVAJAL M, et al. Identification and differential induction of the expression of aquaporins by salinity in broccoli plants [J]. Mol Biosyst, 2011, 7(4): 1322 − 1335. [57] MARULANDA A, AZCÓN R, CHAUMONT F, et al. Regulation of plasma membrane aquaporins by inoculation with a Bacillus megaterium strain in maize (Zea mays L. ) plants under unstressed and salt-stressed conditions [J]. Planta, 2010, 232(2): 533 − 543. [58] MURIES B, CARVAJAL M, MARTINEZ-BALLESTA M D C. Response of three broccoli cultivars to salt stress, in relation to water status and expression of two leaf aquaporins [J]. Planta, 2013, 237(5): 1297 − 1310. [59] KONG Xiangqiang, LUO Zhen, DONG Hezhong, et al. Non-uniform salinity in the root zone alleviates salt damage by increasing sodium, water and nutrient transport genes expression in cotton[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 2879[2022-02-05]. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03302-x. [60] KIRKHAM M B, GARDNER W R, GERLOFF G C. Stomatal conductance of differentially salinized plants [J]. Plant Physiol, 1972, 49(3): 345 − 347. [61] SHALHEVET J, BERNSTEIN L. Effects of vertically heterogeneous soil salinity on plant growth and water uptake [J]. Soil Sci, 1968, 106(2): 85 − 93. [62] 孙娟娟. 紫花苜蓿幼苗对盐分空间异质性分布的响应机制[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015. SUN Juanjuan. Mechanism of Alfafa (Medicago sativa L. ) Seedlings Response to Spatially Heterogeneous Salinity[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2015. [63] 沈徐悦, 张浪, 陈蓉蓉, 等. 盐胁迫对望春玉兰幼苗形态和相关生理指标的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2021, 38(2): 289 − 295. SHEN Xuyue, ZHANG Lang, CHEN Rongrong, et al. Effect of NaCl stress on the morphology and related physiological indexes of Magnolia biondii seedlings [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2021, 38(2): 289 − 295. [64] 左照江, 张汝民, 高岩. 盐胁迫下植物细胞离子流变化的研究进展[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2014, 31(5): 805 − 811. ZUO Zhaojiang, ZHANG Rumin, GAO Yan. Advances in plant cell ion flux with salt stress: a review [J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2014, 31(5): 805 − 811. [65] 刘丽娟, 李小玉. 干旱区土壤盐分积累过程研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(3): 891 − 898. LIU Lijuan, LI Xiaoyu. Progress in the study of soil salt accumulation in arid region [J]. Chin J Ecol, 2019, 38(3): 891 − 898. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220155
计量
- 文章访问数: 837
- HTML全文浏览量: 148
- PDF下载量: 46
- 被引次数: 0