1998 Vol. 15, No. 1
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1998, 15(1): 1-5.
Abstract:
Since 1987, w ork on selection and breeding o f superior varieties in Prunus nume has been done in Changxing County , the largest seeding Japanese apricot growing area in Zhejiang Province in order to produce early bearing and high-yield varieties to meet the demand of raw materials for processing. Four strains have been selected , in which fruit weight is between 14 to 22 grams and the fruit is suitable for varieties of processing. Each strain is characterized by wide adaptation, early bearing and high-yidld which is superior to other varieties. The cultura l practices of those new varieties are given, which are using seedlings grafted on mume stooks, rational close planting , strengthening management in field soil and tree form, and playing attention to control seab disease, etc.
Since 1987, w ork on selection and breeding o f superior varieties in Prunus nume has been done in Changxing County , the largest seeding Japanese apricot growing area in Zhejiang Province in order to produce early bearing and high-yield varieties to meet the demand of raw materials for processing. Four strains have been selected , in which fruit weight is between 14 to 22 grams and the fruit is suitable for varieties of processing. Each strain is characterized by wide adaptation, early bearing and high-yidld which is superior to other varieties. The cultura l practices of those new varieties are given, which are using seedlings grafted on mume stooks, rational close planting , strengthening management in field soil and tree form, and playing attention to control seab disease, etc.
1998, 15(1): 6-12.
Abstract:
To counter the key techniques of cropping Toona sinensis buds in plastic green houses, the authors systimatically studied the effective accumulated temperature of Toona sinensis germination. Toona sinensis buds germinated at the minimum critical temperature of 6℃ . The effective accumulated temperature from dormancy to germination varied with the provenances, temperature and treatment methods of low temperature . There was no striking dif ference in the efective accumulated temperature of germination and in mean germination period between undormant shoots and dormant shoots, but germination ratio of undormant shoots was by far lower than that of dormant shoots. The function of combinating temporary planting and low temperature treatment could effectively promote earlier germination of undormant shoots and raise the germination ratio. The relavant cropping techniques inplastic green houses were put forward.
To counter the key techniques of cropping Toona sinensis buds in plastic green houses, the authors systimatically studied the effective accumulated temperature of Toona sinensis germination. Toona sinensis buds germinated at the minimum critical temperature of 6℃ . The effective accumulated temperature from dormancy to germination varied with the provenances, temperature and treatment methods of low temperature . There was no striking dif ference in the efective accumulated temperature of germination and in mean germination period between undormant shoots and dormant shoots, but germination ratio of undormant shoots was by far lower than that of dormant shoots. The function of combinating temporary planting and low temperature treatment could effectively promote earlier germination of undormant shoots and raise the germination ratio. The relavant cropping techniques inplastic green houses were put forward.
1998, 15(1): 13-21.
Abstract:
Based on statinary observations on cone set ting , clima te and soil co dition of five Chinese fir seed orchards in Zhejiang Province, there the influence factors of seeding could be divided into three parts; clone 's genetic train ( or clone 's biology ) , environment , and humans activity ( cultiva tion and management ) . The clone 's genetic train is the basic factor affecting seed production and quality of Chinese fir seed orchard. While the first important factor that makes year 's alteration in seed production is cone flowering in bad polleination, and the Second is the harm of insects and diseases, both could decrease the seed production about 65% . The fator of human 's cultivation and managment is different from else two factors relatedabove, for its initiative and important in improving seed quality and yield condition. The techniques of building the gard at primary period are chiefly as follows: sellecting high genetic gain and will bearing tree clones, and disposing them that are close in flowering within a plot , a nd choosing the sunny-or semi-sunny-slopes to build the Chineses fir seed orchard where ground is open, terrain slopes gently, and the soil moderate fertility or more. When trees begin to seeding , it is important to pollinate in man-made and to controlthe damage of insects anddiseases. Otherwise adequate fertiliaztion and plant thinning must be paid attention to the trees grown in full flourish. Through intensiv e cultivation and management , man could condition the influence of bad environment to the gard, and so ensure to that a high yield continually.
Based on statinary observations on cone set ting , clima te and soil co dition of five Chinese fir seed orchards in Zhejiang Province, there the influence factors of seeding could be divided into three parts; clone 's genetic train ( or clone 's biology ) , environment , and humans activity ( cultiva tion and management ) . The clone 's genetic train is the basic factor affecting seed production and quality of Chinese fir seed orchard. While the first important factor that makes year 's alteration in seed production is cone flowering in bad polleination, and the Second is the harm of insects and diseases, both could decrease the seed production about 65% . The fator of human 's cultivation and managment is different from else two factors relatedabove, for its initiative and important in improving seed quality and yield condition. The techniques of building the gard at primary period are chiefly as follows: sellecting high genetic gain and will bearing tree clones, and disposing them that are close in flowering within a plot , a nd choosing the sunny-or semi-sunny-slopes to build the Chineses fir seed orchard where ground is open, terrain slopes gently, and the soil moderate fertility or more. When trees begin to seeding , it is important to pollinate in man-made and to controlthe damage of insects anddiseases. Otherwise adequate fertiliaztion and plant thinning must be paid attention to the trees grown in full flourish. Through intensiv e cultivation and management , man could condition the influence of bad environment to the gard, and so ensure to that a high yield continually.
1998, 15(1): 22-26.
Abstract:
By application of 5 new green plant growth regulators ( ABT - 11 to ABT- 15) and of ABT- 1 and wa ter as controls ( CK1 and CK2 ) , the promoting effect for cutting propagation survival of 12 tree species was tested, namely Cedrus deodara, Sabina chinesis cv. Kaizuca, Platycladus orientalis cv. Aurea, Porocarpus macrophyllus var. maki , Taxus mairei , Mabonia fortunei , Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum , Gardenia jasminoides form . grandiflora, Buxus sinica, Lagerstroemia indica, Michelia figo and Osmanthus fragrans. The results showed that for all 12 species the effect of new regulators was superior to that of CK2 , and for 10 species it excelled that of CK1 . The growth regulator treatment largely enhanced the survival percentage to as high as over 70% for 8 species. The optimum combination of regulator type, concentration and dipping time fo reach tree species was selected, most of which are ABT- 11 regulator combining with 50 or 100 mg. kg- 1 concent ration and 1. 0 h dipping time.
By application of 5 new green plant growth regulators ( ABT - 11 to ABT- 15) and of ABT- 1 and wa ter as controls ( CK1 and CK2 ) , the promoting effect for cutting propagation survival of 12 tree species was tested, namely Cedrus deodara, Sabina chinesis cv. Kaizuca, Platycladus orientalis cv. Aurea, Porocarpus macrophyllus var. maki , Taxus mairei , Mabonia fortunei , Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum , Gardenia jasminoides form . grandiflora, Buxus sinica, Lagerstroemia indica, Michelia figo and Osmanthus fragrans. The results showed that for all 12 species the effect of new regulators was superior to that of CK2 , and for 10 species it excelled that of CK1 . The growth regulator treatment largely enhanced the survival percentage to as high as over 70% for 8 species. The optimum combination of regulator type, concentration and dipping time fo reach tree species was selected, most of which are ABT- 11 regulator combining with 50 or 100 mg. kg- 1 concent ration and 1. 0 h dipping time.
1998, 15(1): 27-31.
Abstract:
This experiment was done by culturing the mixture of soil with litter of Cunninghamia lanceolata , Pinus massioiana and Sassafras tzumu in incubator respectively. The results showed that the pH values of soil decreased due to the littter of C.Lanceolata and P . massoniana. Deficiency of hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphate occurred under the treatment of C. lanceolata. On the contrary , the litter of S. tzumu and P . massoniana provided more available untrients for soil than control. Three kinds of litter could greatly activate hydrogen peroxidase, urease, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase. The hydro gen perox idase and urease were activated most by S. tzumu litter. The of C. lanceolata did not activate polyphenol oxidase compared with the other treatment , however, it acted well on cellulase.
This experiment was done by culturing the mixture of soil with litter of Cunninghamia lanceolata , Pinus massioiana and Sassafras tzumu in incubator respectively. The results showed that the pH values of soil decreased due to the littter of C.Lanceolata and P . massoniana. Deficiency of hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphate occurred under the treatment of C. lanceolata. On the contrary , the litter of S. tzumu and P . massoniana provided more available untrients for soil than control. Three kinds of litter could greatly activate hydrogen peroxidase, urease, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase. The hydro gen perox idase and urease were activated most by S. tzumu litter. The of C. lanceolata did not activate polyphenol oxidase compared with the other treatment , however, it acted well on cellulase.
1998, 15(1): 32-36.
Abstract:
Dynamic properties of nutrient status in soils under Chinese fir plantation, olblolly pine plantation, secondary oak plantation at the same ages of 25 and phyllostachys pubescens plantation on the hilly regions of Jiangsu Province were studied. Results were as follow s: ( 1) Nutrient contents fell at rairly high speed between April and June. It was a suitable season for fertilization. ( 2) From June to August , all the nutrient contents kept stable, so it was a good season for sampling. ( 3) Dynamics of nutrient contents from August to October varied, with available Krising , available P falling , total N keeping unchanging and organic matter keeping stable except oak falling. P fertilizer could be applied to some plantations during this period of time. Comparism of nutrient status in soils of different forest stands was also given.
Dynamic properties of nutrient status in soils under Chinese fir plantation, olblolly pine plantation, secondary oak plantation at the same ages of 25 and phyllostachys pubescens plantation on the hilly regions of Jiangsu Province were studied. Results were as follow s: ( 1) Nutrient contents fell at rairly high speed between April and June. It was a suitable season for fertilization. ( 2) From June to August , all the nutrient contents kept stable, so it was a good season for sampling. ( 3) Dynamics of nutrient contents from August to October varied, with available Krising , available P falling , total N keeping unchanging and organic matter keeping stable except oak falling. P fertilizer could be applied to some plantations during this period of time. Comparism of nutrient status in soils of different forest stands was also given.
1998, 15(1): 37-41.
Abstract:
The results showed that after skidding operation, the soil density increased, the soil moisture condition got bad, the soil porosity and the contents of soil nutrients decreased. The soil in the major timber hauling area under the sky line was disturbed to some extent , beyond which it changed slightly. In the basis the analysis, the corresponding countermeasures of reducing the damag e of soi l for forest harvesting were put forward.
The results showed that after skidding operation, the soil density increased, the soil moisture condition got bad, the soil porosity and the contents of soil nutrients decreased. The soil in the major timber hauling area under the sky line was disturbed to some extent , beyond which it changed slightly. In the basis the analysis, the corresponding countermeasures of reducing the damag e of soi l for forest harvesting were put forward.
1998, 15(1): 42-50.
Abstract:
Based on the systematic analysis of main forest types of the mixed protection forest with coniferous trees and broadleaved trees in Xinanjiang Forest Farm, Jiande City, Zhejiang Province, and their rules of occurence, development and substitution, such suggestion is put forward: the management pattern of selection cutting for mixed forest of Masson pine and broadleaved trees, in the light of some problems existing in management of protection forest and the principles of sustainable management. Some methods of forest protection and forest management involued in techniques of protective plantation are demonstrated in terms of how to make comprehesive benefits that protection forest brings about at the same time when selection cutting is used in the present forest types.
Based on the systematic analysis of main forest types of the mixed protection forest with coniferous trees and broadleaved trees in Xinanjiang Forest Farm, Jiande City, Zhejiang Province, and their rules of occurence, development and substitution, such suggestion is put forward: the management pattern of selection cutting for mixed forest of Masson pine and broadleaved trees, in the light of some problems existing in management of protection forest and the principles of sustainable management. Some methods of forest protection and forest management involued in techniques of protective plantation are demonstrated in terms of how to make comprehesive benefits that protection forest brings about at the same time when selection cutting is used in the present forest types.
1998, 15(1): 56-62.
Abstract:
Xinanjiang Forest Farm manages mainly reservoir bank protection froests with 52% in forest land all over the forest farm. Most of the protection froests are coniferous and broadleved mixed forests formed by closed forests from the man-breaked original forests. The main problem facing at present is that the management and utilization of reservoir bank protection forests follows the example of timber forests. It most possibly results in the reproduction of large area remained secondary forests at reservoir area in Zhejiang Province.
Xinanjiang Forest Farm manages mainly reservoir bank protection froests with 52% in forest land all over the forest farm. Most of the protection froests are coniferous and broadleved mixed forests formed by closed forests from the man-breaked original forests. The main problem facing at present is that the management and utilization of reservoir bank protection forests follows the example of timber forests. It most possibly results in the reproduction of large area remained secondary forests at reservoir area in Zhejiang Province.
1998, 15(1): 63-98.
Abstract:
The research was made at Baoxi Forest Farm of Youxi County, Fujian Province. The mixed forest with Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) and moso bamboo( Phyllostachys pubescens) was established in 1974. The results showed that mixed forest with the density of 1 350 plants per hectare for Chinese fir had the strongest function of water conservation. The water-holding content in canopy of mixed forest was 0. 545 t hm- 2 more than pure Chinese fir, and was 3. 143t hm- 2 more than pure moso. Total water-holding above ground part reached to 25. 424 t hm- 2 , 3. 143 t hm- 2 and 3. 309 t hm- 2 more than pure Chinese fir and pure moso respectively. Total water-storing of soil at 0～ 40 cm was 611. 2 t hm- 2 , larger than pure Chinese fir, pure moso and other mixed forests. Initial infiltration and stable infiltration capacities were 60. 86 mm min- 1 and 24. 32 mm min- 1 , which were 2. 8 times and 2. 3 times for pure Chinese fir, and 2. 5 times and 1. 6 times for pure moso stand, respectively.
The research was made at Baoxi Forest Farm of Youxi County, Fujian Province. The mixed forest with Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) and moso bamboo( Phyllostachys pubescens) was established in 1974. The results showed that mixed forest with the density of 1 350 plants per hectare for Chinese fir had the strongest function of water conservation. The water-holding content in canopy of mixed forest was 0. 545 t hm- 2 more than pure Chinese fir, and was 3. 143t hm- 2 more than pure moso. Total water-holding above ground part reached to 25. 424 t hm- 2 , 3. 143 t hm- 2 and 3. 309 t hm- 2 more than pure Chinese fir and pure moso respectively. Total water-storing of soil at 0～ 40 cm was 611. 2 t hm- 2 , larger than pure Chinese fir, pure moso and other mixed forests. Initial infiltration and stable infiltration capacities were 60. 86 mm min- 1 and 24. 32 mm min- 1 , which were 2. 8 times and 2. 3 times for pure Chinese fir, and 2. 5 times and 1. 6 times for pure moso stand, respectively.
1998, 15(1): 69-75.
Abstract:
Simple models and expanded parameter models of relative tree height of cunninghamia lancoelanta even standwere studied.The model predictprecision of relative treeheight was improved.The relation beteewn models of tree height and stand characteristic factors was analyzed.
Simple models and expanded parameter models of relative tree height of cunninghamia lancoelanta even standwere studied.The model predictprecision of relative treeheight was improved.The relation beteewn models of tree height and stand characteristic factors was analyzed.
1998, 15(1): 76-80.
Abstract:
Using the data of emergence area of Dendrolimus punctatus and relevant meteoroligical information for nine years running in Linhai City of Zhejiang Province, based on the forecasting factors slected by the method of correlation coefficients, emergence size of overwintering Dendrolimus punctatus of generations was predicted with six mathematical models of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The test results of back-report showed that the coincidence degree of predicted value and measured value of each mathematical model reached up to 88. 9% .
Using the data of emergence area of Dendrolimus punctatus and relevant meteoroligical information for nine years running in Linhai City of Zhejiang Province, based on the forecasting factors slected by the method of correlation coefficients, emergence size of overwintering Dendrolimus punctatus of generations was predicted with six mathematical models of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The test results of back-report showed that the coincidence degree of predicted value and measured value of each mathematical model reached up to 88. 9% .
1998, 15(1): 81-84.
Abstract:
Based on the results obtained from field studies by using quadrat method for five years, the population density and biomass of the ardeid birds in Zhejiang Provinve were studied. The results showed that the population density and biomass of Ardeola bacchus were higher. Total biomass and total consuming biomass of the ardeid birds in Tonggong mixed boardleaved coniferous forest amounted to 1 028. 671 kg hm- 2 and 1 362. 906 kg hm- 2 . The species diversity was posively related to the habitats diversity.
Based on the results obtained from field studies by using quadrat method for five years, the population density and biomass of the ardeid birds in Zhejiang Provinve were studied. The results showed that the population density and biomass of Ardeola bacchus were higher. Total biomass and total consuming biomass of the ardeid birds in Tonggong mixed boardleaved coniferous forest amounted to 1 028. 671 kg hm- 2 and 1 362. 906 kg hm- 2 . The species diversity was posively related to the habitats diversity.
1998, 15(1): 85-90.
Abstract:
According to understanding of teaching and scientific reseach in long period and relevant documents at home and abroad, the division of 30 kinds of fruit forms of Angiospermae is discussed on the basis of origin of pericarp and morphogenesis of mature pericarp. Some incomplete or easily misunderstood conceptional items in certain textbooks are replenished and corrected. A key to classification of fruit forms is arranged at the end of the paper.
According to understanding of teaching and scientific reseach in long period and relevant documents at home and abroad, the division of 30 kinds of fruit forms of Angiospermae is discussed on the basis of origin of pericarp and morphogenesis of mature pericarp. Some incomplete or easily misunderstood conceptional items in certain textbooks are replenished and corrected. A key to classification of fruit forms is arranged at the end of the paper.
1998, 15(1): 91-95.
Abstract:
Based on the main ecological factors and environmental characteristics of roof gardens, this paper advances the principles of choosing plants and compounding soil for roof gardens. It also approaches the plant conservation and management of roof gardens.
Based on the main ecological factors and environmental characteristics of roof gardens, this paper advances the principles of choosing plants and compounding soil for roof gardens. It also approaches the plant conservation and management of roof gardens.
1998, 15(1): 96-100.
Abstract:
According to the frame of Chinese forest tree seed and seedling information process,and the improtance of the tree base improving variety management, this paper works to study about building of the tree base improving variety management information system, including level structure, techniques and methods, data coming and going, and function of management system.
According to the frame of Chinese forest tree seed and seedling information process,and the improtance of the tree base improving variety management, this paper works to study about building of the tree base improving variety management information system, including level structure, techniques and methods, data coming and going, and function of management system.
1998, 15(1): 51-55.
Abstract:
According to the various forest reso urce inventory results over the years in Zhejiang Province, the authors selected respectively high volume stand sample plots of different age groups from main tree species groups such as pine, Chinese fir, broadleaved tree and soon. Then by means of character analysis of stand description factors such as stand age, composition storey, origin, crown density and soon, the authors revealed the character that coniferous and broadleavedmixed fo est was many, stand density was large, average DBH was large, and stand structure was reasonable in high volume stands.
According to the various forest reso urce inventory results over the years in Zhejiang Province, the authors selected respectively high volume stand sample plots of different age groups from main tree species groups such as pine, Chinese fir, broadleaved tree and soon. Then by means of character analysis of stand description factors such as stand age, composition storey, origin, crown density and soon, the authors revealed the character that coniferous and broadleavedmixed fo est was many, stand density was large, average DBH was large, and stand structure was reasonable in high volume stands.
1998, 15(1): 105-107.
Abstract:
Saponin is one of the chief ingredients in Cornus officinalis fruits. To determine quickly and accurately the gross saponins is an efficient insurance for the quality of Cornus officinal is natural beverage. This paper gives a commerce standard method to determine the gross saponins in the natural beverage.
Saponin is one of the chief ingredients in Cornus officinalis fruits. To determine quickly and accurately the gross saponins is an efficient insurance for the quality of Cornus officinal is natural beverage. This paper gives a commerce standard method to determine the gross saponins in the natural beverage.
1998, 15(1): 108-110.
Abstract:
The control of canker of citrus could be made in summer and autumn by spraying tree branches with copper-ammonium WC, resulting in 85. 92% and 90. 45% of the diseased branches geing cured respectively. This control is sound to environment , easy and convenient in making up and low in cost.
The control of canker of citrus could be made in summer and autumn by spraying tree branches with copper-ammonium WC, resulting in 85. 92% and 90. 45% of the diseased branches geing cured respectively. This control is sound to environment , easy and convenient in making up and low in cost.
