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竹炭(bamboo charcoal)是竹材在无氧或缺氧条件下高温热解得到的产品,在生产竹炭的过程中还能得到副产品竹醋液(bamboo pyroligneous liquor),是目前竹材加工领域中利用率最高、附加值最大的科技产品之一。竹炭拥有大孔、中孔和微孔各种孔隙结构,比表面积可达382 m2·g-1,因此有较强的吸附性能,可广泛应用于空气净化[1-4]、水质净化[5-15]和土壤改良[16-17]等领域;竹炭显微构造类似并接近于洋葱状富勒烯碳和展开的碳纳米管的特殊结构,因此,具有能产生远红外线,释放负离子的特性,可开发保健日用产品[18-22];同时,竹炭还具有良好导电性,可开发抗静电、电磁屏蔽、超级电容器电极等功能型新材料。笔者就竹炭导电机制、竹炭导电性影响因素、竹炭及其复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能、竹炭超级电容器电极材料等方面研究进展进行了综述,旨在提出该领域今后的研究发展方向。
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