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竹材是重要的速生可再生材料,具有强度高、硬度大、韧性好、纹理美观、生态功能强等优良特性,但也存在易发生虫蛀和霉腐等缺陷,严重限制了其在室内外的应用。热处理作为一种绿色环保的纯物理改性处理方法,能够显著改善材料的尺寸稳定性和耐候性,在板材预处理过程中优势显著[1-4]。竹材热处理是当前竹材高值化利用的重要方向,根据传热介质差异,通常有蒸气、空气和导热油热处理等3种方式。蒸气介质热处理法以饱和水蒸气为导热介质,多在炭化罐中进行,处理后竹材的密度及相应的总体力学性能下降,吸水厚度膨胀率降低,尺寸稳定性显著提升[5-10]。空气介质热处理法以空气为导热介质,多在高温热处理箱中进行,处理后竹材的密度、总体力学性能下降,尺寸稳定性大幅改善[11-14]。油介质热处理以各类导热油为介质,相较于前两者,处理后试材密度较高,抗弯强度降低,润湿性能减弱,耐久效果提升[15]。总的来说,水蒸气热处理过程对设备及操作的要求极高,热处理周期长、能耗大、设备投资高、劳动生产率较低,热处理后竹片的强度衰减较大;空气热处理法对处理温度精度的要求较高;油介质法使木材受热更均匀,控温更准确,但沥干过程所需时间较长,热油在使用寿命终结后亦存在收集和处理问题[16]。鉴于此,本研究选取4~6年生毛竹Phyllostachys edulis材为原料,利用热压机的高温和热压特性,研究不同热处理温度(225,250,275,300,325,350和375 ℃)下,毛竹材物理力学性能的变化。旨在研发一种接触式高温快速热压处理技术,在保障热处理性能的同时,缩短热处理时间,降低生产成本,为快速热处理工艺提供理论依据和基础数据。
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