Community characteristics of Sinocalycanthus chinensis in Dalei Mountains of Tiantai County
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摘要:
目的 探索浙江省天台县大雷山野生夏蜡梅Sinocalycanthus chinensis群落的物种组成、种群结构和种间联结，补充大雷山野生夏蜡梅资源分布情况。 方法 在实地踏查的基础上，结合以往研究资料，选取天台县大雷山夏蜡梅的典型群落，建立5个20 m×20 m样地，进行群落学调查。 结果 ①夏蜡梅所处的群落类型多样，主要有落叶阔叶林、针叶林和竹林，分层明显，乔木层优势种有化香树Platycarya strobilacea、山胡椒Lindera glauca、灯台树Bothrocaryum controversum、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata、毛竹Phyllostachys edulis；灌木层优势种有中国绣球Hydrangea chinensis、夏蜡梅、悬铃木叶苎麻 Boehmeria tricuspis；草本层优势种有金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera、辽宁堇菜Viola rossii、透茎冷水花Pilea pumila。②夏蜡梅的种群结构为“金字塔”型，第Ⅰ级个体比率最高，占56.51%，说明种群正处在增长阶段。③对夏蜡梅群落内的乔木层和灌木层物种对进行种间关联与相关性分析显示，正负关联比均大于1，夏蜡梅与大部分树种无相关关系。 结论 大雷山野生夏蜡梅群落中各树种联系紧密，群落的结构和功能趋于完善，但夏蜡梅在群落中可能处于相对独立的地位。鉴于夏蜡梅与红果山胡椒Lindera erythrocarpa、山莓Rubus corchorifolius、浙闽樱桃Cerasus schneideriana、化香树等树种呈负相关关系，具有竞争关系，建议在后期夏蜡梅野外保育过程中，采取适当人为择伐和抚育措施，营造良好的生长环境。图10表5参24 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the species composition, population structure and interspecific association of wild Sinocalycanthus chinensis community, and to supplement the distribution of wild S. chinensis resources in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province. Method On the basis of field survey and previous research data, five 20 m × 20 m sample plots of S. chinensis were established for community investigation. Result (1) The community types of S. chinensis were diverse, mainly including deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and bamboo forest, with obvious stratification. The dominant species of tree layer were Platycarya strobilacea, Lindera glauca, Botrocarpyum contoversum, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Phyllostachys edulis. The dominant species of shrub layer were Hydrangea chinensis, S. chinensis, and Boehmeria tricuspis. The dominant species of herb layer were Parathylyperis glandulgera, Viola rossii, and Pilea pumila. (2)The population structure of S. chinensis was “Pyramid” type, with the highest proportion of individuals in grade I, accounting for 56.51%, indicating that the population was in the growth stage. (3) The analysis of interspecific association and correlation of species pairs in tree layer and shrub layer showed that the positive and negative correlation ratios were both greater than 1, and there was no correlation between S. chinensis and most tree species. Conclusion The species of S. chinensis community are closely related, and the structure and function of the community tend to be perfect, but S. chinensis may be relatively independent in the community. In view of its negative correlation and competitive relationship with Lindera erythrocarpa, Rubus corchorifolius, Cerasus schneideriana, Platycarya strobilacea and other tree species, it is suggested that in the later stage of S. chinensis field conservation, appropriate artificial selective cutting and tending measures should be taken to create a good growth environment. [Ch, 10 fig. 5 tab. 24 ref.] -
表 1 大雷山夏蜡梅群落样地调查特征
Table 1. Survey characteristics of S. chinensis community plot in Dalei Mountain
样地编号 植被类型 地理坐标 海拔/m 坡向 坡度/(°) 坡位 群落郁闭度 人为干扰 Q1 化香树林 28°59′05.24″N，120°49′12.37″E 808 西坡 17 上坡 0.7 间接 Q2 山胡椒林 28°59′02.56″N，120°49′10.87″E 814 西北坡 28 上坡 0.6 间接 Q3 灯台树林 28°58′53.17″N，120°49′01.14″E 824 东坡 30 下坡 0.6 小 Q4 杉木林 28°58′55.71″N，120°49′01.34″E 827 西南坡 5 谷底 0.5 直接 Q5 毛竹林 28°59′18.20″N，120°48′43.84″E 736 西北 22 下坡 0.8 直接 说明：化香树Platycarya strobilacea，山胡椒Lindera glauca，灯台树Bothrocaryum controversum，杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata，毛竹 Phyllostachys edulis 
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表 2 大雷山夏蜡梅群落各层重要值前5的物种及重要值一览表
Table 2. List of species and importance values of the top 5 important values of each layer of S. chinens is
community in Dalei Mountain 植物名称 层次 重要值/% Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 灯台树Bothrocaryum controversum 乔木层 10.71 11.16 短柄枹Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata 乔木层 9.62 化香树Platycarya strobilacea 乔木层 12.86 7.99 黄山松Pinus taiwanensis 乔木层 2.28 黄檀Dalbergia hupeana 乔木层 9.28 柳杉Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis 乔木层 29.11 毛竹Phyllostachys edulis 乔木层 67.08 榕叶冬青Ilex ficoidea 乔木层 1.47 山胡椒Lindera glauca 乔木层 5.98 13.95 山樱花Cerasus serrulata 乔木层 7.41 杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata 乔木层 32.23 1.39 水马桑Weigela japonica var. sinica 乔木层 9.12 微毛柃Eurya hebeclados 乔木层 5.52 细枝柃Eurya loquaiana 乔木层 6.40 夏蜡梅Sinocalycanthus chinensis 乔木层 6.07 10.07 6.48 16.06 小叶白辛树Pterostyrax corymbosus 乔木层 10.58 窄基红褐柃Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata 乔木层 2.32 浙闽樱桃Cerasus schneideriana 乔木层 7.94 臭辣树Evodia fargesii 灌木层 12.60 红果山胡椒Lindera erythrocarpa 灌木层 5.77 红脉钓樟Lindera rubronervia 灌木层 3.28 黄檀Dalbergia hupeana 灌木层 9.08 木荷Schima superba 灌木层 11.57 蓬蘽Rubus hirsutus 灌木层 14.81 山胡椒Lindera glauca 灌木层 7.47 4.00 山橿Lindera reflexa 灌木层 10.10 6.82 8.49 6.34 7.80 山莓Rubus corchorifolius 灌木层 7.67 太平莓Rubus pacificus 灌木层 5.84 细枝柃Eurya loquaiana 灌木层 4.97 夏蜡梅Sinocalycanthus chinensis 灌木层 13.42 22.21 30.79 50.65 悬铃木叶苎麻 Boehmeria tricuspis 灌木层 27.91 宜昌荚蒾Viburnum erosum 灌木层 3.65 中国绣球Hydrangea chinensis 灌木层 25.76 4.07 3.31 巴东过路黄Lysimachia patungensis 草本层 5.06 穿孔薹草Carex foraminata 草本层 8.11 丛枝蓼Polygonum posumbu 草本层 9.76 褐果薹草Carex brunnea 草本层 6.26 10.40 4.23 虎杖Reynoutria japonica 草本层 29.18 金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera 草本层 39.33 6.18 京鹤鳞毛蕨Dryopteris kinkiensis 草本层 5.91 犁头草Viola japonica 草本层 7.13 辽宁堇菜Viola rossii 草本层 30.43 13.94 芒尖薹草Carex doniana 草本层 5.33 南山堇菜Viola chaerophylloides 草本层 9.53 求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius 草本层 10.35 8.22 柔枝莠竹Microstegium vimineum 草本层 13.92 三脉紫菀Aster ageratoides 草本层 6.10 透茎冷水花Pilea pumila 草本层 18.34 长梗黄精Polygonatum filipes 草本层 8.87 长江蹄盖蕨Athyrium iseanum 草本层 9.76 长柱头薹草Carex teinogyna 草本层 9.60 紫花堇菜Viola grypoceras 草本层 6.47 7.94
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表 3 夏蜡梅群落5个样地乔木层物种多样性指数
Table 3. Species diversity index of trees in 5 plots of S. chinensis community
样地号 优势种 VI/% S P H′ E D′ Q1 化香树 12.86 39 0.94 1.36 0.37 6.51 Q2 山胡椒 13.95 36 0.94 1.35 0.38 6.01 Q3 灯台树 11.16 43 0.94 1.39 0.37 7.18 Q4 杉木 32.23 25 0.80 0.93 0.29 4.17 Q5 毛竹 67.08 19 0.52 0.58 0.20 3.17 平均值 27.45 32 0.83 1.12 0.32 5.41
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表 4 夏蜡梅群落5个样地灌木层物种多样性指数
Table 4. Species diversity index of shrubs in 5 plots of S. chinensis community
样地号 优势种 VI/% S P H′ E D′ Q1 中国绣球 25.76 34 0.89 1.22 0.34 8.18 Q2 夏蜡梅 22.21 40 0.91 1.27 0.34 9.62 Q3 夏蜡梅 30.79 36 0.87 1.18 0.33 8.66 Q4 悬铃木叶苎麻 27.91 24 0.88 1.12 0.35 5.77 Q5 夏蜡梅 50.65 33 0.73 0.98 0.28 7.93 平均值 31.46 33 0.86 1.15 0.33 8.03
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表 5 夏蜡梅群落5个样地草本层物种多样性指数
Table 5. Species diversity index of herbs in 5 plots of S. schinensis community
样地号 优势种 VI/% S P H′ E D′ Q1 金星蕨 39.33 26 0.82 1.04 0.32 6.25 Q2 辽宁堇菜 30.43 22 0.88 1.14 0.37 5.29 Q3 辽宁堇菜 13.94 25 0.92 1.21 0.38 6.01 Q4 透茎冷水花 18.34 45 0.92 1.29 0.34 10.82 Q5 虎杖 29.18 25 0.88 1.16 0.36 6.01 平均值 26.24 29 0.88 1.17 0.35 6.88
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