Research on the spatial distribution of forest parks and tourism development in Zhejiang Province
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摘要:
目的 探究浙江省森林公园在省域尺度上的空间分布特征及旅游发展模式。 方法 以浙江省128个国家级和省级森林公园为研究对象，采用最邻近指数、核密度分析、地理集中指数等方法分析森林公园空间分布特征、均衡态势和分布密度，结合定性分析，探讨浙江省森林公园的发展历程与旅游发展模式。 结果 ①浙江省森林公园总体空间分布特征为随机型，其中舟山市、台州市、衢州市为均匀型分布，宁波市、绍兴市为随机—离散型分布，温州市、丽水市、湖州市、杭州市、金华市为随机型分布。②核密度结果显示：浙江省森林公园的疏密分布呈现3个梯次，东北部为第1梯次，中部和南部为第2梯次，西部为第3梯次。③浙江省森林公园的建设发展分为探索起步期(1982—1992年)、快速增长期(1993—2001年)、规范建设期(2002—2010年)、内涵提升期(2011—2017年)和全面发展期(2018年至今)5个阶段；旅游开发分为城郊休闲型、景观游赏型、生态度假型、森林运动型和生态教育型等5种模式。 结论 在多重因素制约下，浙江省森林公园在各地级市间分布不均，发展模式各异。今后浙江省森林公园的建设和旅游发展，要在充分利用森林资源条件的基础上，积极对接森林旅游消费需求，优化空间布局结构；完善基础设施条件，提高市场服务能力；创建特色旅游品牌，加大宣传力度。图2表2参23 Abstract:Objective In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and tourism development model of forest parks in Zhejiang Province. Method Taking 128 national forest parks and provincial forest parks in Zhejiang province as research objects, this paper studied their spatial distribution characteristics, equilibrium situation and distribution density by using the nearest proximity index, kernel density analysis, geographic concentration index and other analysis methods, and combined with qualitative analysis, studied the development process and tourism development model of Zhejiang forest parks. Result ① The overall spatial distribution of forest parks in Zhejiang Province is random, Zhoushan City, Taizhou City and Quzhou City are uniformly distributed, Ningbo and Shaoxing show random and discrete distribution, while Wenzhou City, Lishui City, Huzhou City, Hangzhou City and Jinhua City are randomly distributed. ② The distribution of forest parks is divided into three echelons according to the difference in nuclear density, and the distribution of forest parks in Zhejiang Province is divided into three echelons. The northeast of the country is the first tier, the centre and south are the second tier, and the west is the third tier. ③ The construction and development of the forest parks in Zhejiang Province are divided into 5 stages: the initial period of exploration (1982−1992), the period of rapid growth (1993−2001), the period of standardized construction (2002−2010), the period of connotation improvement (2011−2017) and the period of comprehensive development (2018−). ④ The tourism development of the forest parks in Zhejiang Province could be divided into five modes: suburban leisure, landscape tour, ecological vacation, forest sports and ecological education. Conclusion Under the restriction of multiple factors, forest parks in Zhejiang Province are unevenly distributed among prefectural cities, and their development patterns are different. In the future, the construction and tourism development of forest parks in Zhejiang Province should, on the basis of making full use of the conditions of forest resources, actively dovetail with the demand for forest tourism consumption, optimise the spatial layout structure; Improve the infrastructure conditions and enhance the market service capacity; Create special tourism brands and increase publicity efforts. [Ch, 2 fig. 2 tab. 23 ref.] -
图 2 浙江省地形地貌与森林公园耦合图
Figure 2 Coupled topography and forest park map of Zhejiang Province
表 1 浙江省森林公园数量分布状况
Table 1. Distribution of the number of forest parks in Zhejiang Province
地级市 森林公园/个 地级市 森林公园/个 国家级 省级 总数 国家级 省级 总数 舟山 0 2 2 丽水 5 9 14 宁波 4 11 15 湖州 2 4 6 绍兴 5 11 16 杭州 9 13 22 温州 5 14 19 嘉兴 1 0 1 台州 4 8 12 金华 2 12 14 衢州 5 2 7 合计 42 86 128 
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表 2 浙江省各地级市森林公园的空间结构类型
Table 2. Types of spatial structure of forest parks in Zhejiang Province at different levels of cities
地级市 平均最邻
近距离/km期望最邻
近距离/kmINN Z P 空间结构
类型舟山 25.762 13.416 1.920 2.489 0.013 均匀型 宁波 16.353 13.171 1.242 1.729 0.084 随机—离散型 绍兴 14.463 11.358 1.273 2.092 0.036 随机—离散型 温州 14.376 12.945 1.111 0.897 0.369 随机型 台州 26.336 14.625 1.801 5.081 0.001 均匀型 衢州 31.880 19.197 1.661 3.095 0.002 均匀型 丽水 20.888 18.983 1.100 0.665 0.506 随机型 湖州 14.683 17.059 0.861 0.596 0.551 随机型 杭州 14.671 14.056 1.044 0.384 0.701 随机型 金华 15.653 13.978 1.120 0.858 0.391 随机型 整体 15.903 14.355 1.108 2.334 0.019 随机型 说明：Z表示样本均值偏离整体均值的方差倍数；Z、P大
于0表明结果显著有效
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