Effect of litter physical barrier on emergence and early growth of Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings
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摘要:
目的 探讨水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides母树凋落物物理阻隔对水杉天然更新的影响，为解除水杉天然更新障碍及保护水杉种群提供科学依据。 方法 通过野外模拟实验，对不同类型凋落物(新鲜凋落物和自然凋落物)采用0(对照)、100、300、500、700、900 g·m−2的质量梯度，分别在种子下层和上层覆盖凋落物来探究凋落物对水杉幼苗出土及早期生长的影响。 结果 ①凋落物对水杉种子出苗率和幼苗存活率产生抑制作用，在凋落物质量为300~900 g·m−2时抑制作用显著增强(P＜0.05)。②除在种子下层铺垫自然凋落物外，其余处理在凋落物质量为300 g·m−2时促进水杉幼苗苗高和地径生长，但与对照差异不显著(P＞0.05)；当凋落物质量高于300 g·m−2时，全部处理均抑制幼苗生长。随着凋落物质量的增加，对水杉幼苗根长的抑制作用逐渐增强。③随凋落物质量增加，水杉幼苗地上生物量和地下生物量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势，只有在种子下层铺垫300 g·m−2的自然凋落物处理后有一定波动，其余各处理均抑制幼苗地下生物量累积；当凋落物质量达500 g·m−2以上时，凋落物显著阻碍幼苗地上和地下生物量的累积(P＜0.05)。④同一凋落物质量下(＞300 g·m−2)，新鲜凋落物对水杉幼苗出土和早期生长的抑制作用大于自然凋落物，种子下层铺垫凋落物比种子上层覆盖凋落物的抑制作用更强。 结论 水杉母树凋落物对水杉幼苗出土和早期生长具有明显的物理阻隔作用，进而影响水杉更新生长。因此，建议在种子雨高峰期前，对水杉林下不同类型的凋落物进行及时清理，以促进水杉天然更新。图4表2参29 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the effect of physical barrier of litter from Metasequoia glyptostroboides mother tree on its natural regeneration, so as to provide scientific basis for removing obstacles of M. glyptostroboides natural regeneration and protecting its population. Method Through field simulation experiments, different types of litter (fresh litter and natural litter) with different mass gradients (0, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 900 g·m−2) were used to investigate the effect of litter on emergence and early growth of M. glyptostroboides seedlings by spreading litter on the lower layer of seeds and covering litter on the upper layer of seeds. Result (1) Litter inhibited the seed emergence rate and seedling survival rate of M. glyptostroboides, and the inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced when the litter mass was 300−900 g·m−2 (P＜0.05). (2) Except for spreading natural litter on the lower layer of seeds, the other treatments promoted the growth of seedling height and ground diameter M. glyptostroboides seedlings when the litter mass was 300 g·m−2 (P＞0.05), but the difference with the control was not significant. When the litter mass was higher than 300 g·m−2, all treatments inhibited seedling growth. With the increase of litter mass, the inhibitory effect on the root length of M. glyptostroboides seedlings enhanced gradually. (3) With the increase of litter mass, the aboveground biomass and underground biomass of M. glyptostroboides seedlings first increased and then decreased. There was a certain fluctuation only after 300 g·m−2 natural litter treatment on the low layer of seeds, and the other treatments inhibited the underground biomass accumulation of seedlings. The accumulation of aboveground and underground biomass of seedlings was significantly hindered when the litter mass was above 500 g·m−2 (P＜0.05). (4) Under the same litter mass (＞300 g·m−2), the inhibitory effect of fresh litter on the emergence and early growth of M. glyptostroboides seedling was greater than that of natural litter, and the inhibitory effect of litter on the lower layer of seeds was stronger than that on the upper layer of seeds. Conclusion The litter of M. glyptostroboides mother tree has an obvious physical barrier effect on the emergence and early growth of M. glyptostroboides seedlings, which affects the natural regeneration of M. glyptostroboides. Therefore, it is suggested to treat the litter of different types under M. glyptostroboides forests in time before the peak of seed rain, so as to promote the natural regeneration of M. glyptostroboides. [Ch, 4 fig. 2 tab. 29 ref.] -
Key words:
- natural regeneration /
- Metasequoia glyptostroboides /
- physical barrier /
- biomass /
- litter /
- seedling growth
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图 1 凋落物类型、质量、覆盖方式对水杉种子出苗率和幼苗存活率的影响
Figure 1 Effect of litter type, mass and mulching method on seed emergence rate and survival rate of M. glyptostroboides seedling
图 2 凋落物类型、质量、覆盖方式对水杉幼苗苗高、地径和根长的影响
Figure 2 Effect of litter type, mass and mulching method on seedling height, base diameter and root length of M. glyptostroboides seedlings
图 3 凋落物类型、质量、覆盖方式对水杉幼苗叶片数和叶面积的影响
Figure 3 Effect of litter type, mass and mulching method on leaf number and leaf area of M. glyptostroboides seedlings
图 4 凋落物类型、质量、覆盖方式对水杉幼苗地上和地下生物量的影响
Figure 4 Effect of litter type, mass and mulching method on aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of M. glyptostroboides seedlings
表 1 凋落物类型、质量、覆盖方式对水杉幼苗早期生长的单因素方差分析
Table 1. One-way ANOVA of of litter type, mass and mulching method on early growth of M. glyptostroboides seedlings
影响因子 出苗率 存活率 苗高 地径 根长 叶片数 叶面积 地上生物量 地下生物量 上方新鲜凋落物质量 0.000** 0.000** 0.003** 0.002** 0.002** 0.031* 0.004** 0.012* 0.001** 上方自然凋落物质量 0.000** 0.000** 0.517 0.280 0.001** 0.086 0.007** 0.005** 0.000** 下方新鲜凋落物质量 0.000** 0.000** 0.001** 0.020* 0.017* 0.019* 0.504 0.008** 0.002** 下方自然凋落物质量 0.004** 0.009** 0.005** 0.002** 0.017* 0.069 0.199 0.019* 0.000** 说明：数据为检验性P值。*表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，**表示差异极显著(P＜0.01) 
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表 2 凋落物类型、质量、覆盖方式对水杉幼苗早期生长的多因素方差分析
Table 2. Multivariate analysis of variance of litter type, mass and mulching method on early growth of M. glyptostroboides seedlings
因子间交互作用 出苗率 存活率 苗高 地径 根长 叶片数 叶面积 地上生物量 地下生物量 凋落物质量×覆盖方式 0.000** 0.000** 0.528 0.233 0.158 0.965 0.676 0.812 0.995 凋落物质量×凋落物类型 0.140 0.258 0.090 0.069 0.367 0.224 0.275 0.265 0.955 凋落物类型×覆盖方式 0.052 0.101 0.441 0.985 0.002** 0.017* 0.049* 0.001** 0.008** 凋落物质量×覆盖方式×凋落物类型 0.652 0.423 0.281 0.507 0.260 0.143 0.396 0.035* 0.023* 说明：数据为检验性P值。*表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，**表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)
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