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丽水九龙国家湿地公园三叶虫萤生境特征对种群密度的影响
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220616
Effects of habitat characteristics on population density of Emeia pseudosauteri in Kowloon National Wetland Park, Lishui
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摘要:
目的 研究分析九龙国家湿地公园三叶虫萤Emeia pseudosauteri生境特征以及相关生境因子对其种群密度的影响，了解三叶虫萤的生境需求，为开展物种资源保护利用、种群繁育、栖息地保护管理等研究提供科学参考。 方法 2022年4月上旬，以九龙国家湿地公园及其周边三叶虫萤栖息地为研究区，设置34个调查点，实地调研获取每个调查点的三叶虫萤种群密度和12个生境因子数据，建立多元逐步回归模型分析不同生境因子对种群密度的影响。 结果 郁闭度(XCC，标准化系数β = 0.505，P＜0.001)和土壤含水量(XSWC，β = 0.143，P = 0.029)对三叶虫萤种群密度(D)呈显著正相关，风速(XWS，β =−0.424，P＜0.001)对种群密度呈显著负相关。逐步回归方程为D=7.446XCC−1.666XWS+9.337XSWC−6.584。调整后的R2为0.930，德宾-沃森检验(Durbin-Watson)结果为1.615，方差膨胀系数(VIF)＜5， P＜0.05，说明纳入分析模型的3个生境因子之间相互独立，不存在共线性，该结果具有统计学意义。 结论 较高的郁闭度、较低的风速和较高的土壤含水量是三叶虫萤根据自身生物特性和生活习性对环境作出的选择，反映了三叶虫萤在通信交流、求偶交配、繁殖产卵等方面的生境需求。在开展三叶虫萤种群繁育保护和栖息地管理中应注意增加郁闭度、降低环境风影响、维持适宜的土壤湿度和空气湿度。表4参32 Abstract:Objective The objective is to study and analyze the habitat characteristics of Emeia pseudosauteri in Kowloon National Wetland Park and the influence of relevant habitat factors on its population density (D), so as to understand the habitat requirements of E. pseudosauteri and provide scientific reference for future research on species resources conservation and utilization, population breeding, habitat protection and management. Method In early April 2022, taking Kowloon National Wetland Park and the surrounding habitat of E. pseudosauteri in Lishui of Zhejiang Province as the research area, 34 survey points were set up to obtain the population density of E. pseudosauteri and 12 habitat factors data at each survey point, and a multiple stepwise regression model was established to analyze the impact of different habitat factors on population density. Result Canopy closure (XCC, standardized coefficient β=0.505, P＜0.001) and soil water content (XSWC, β=0.143, P=0.029) had a significant positive correlation with the population density of E. pseudosauteri. Wind speed (XWS, β=−0.424, P＜0.001) had a significant negative correlation with population density. Stepwise regression equation: D=7.446XCC−1.666XWS+9.337XSWC−6.584. The adjusted R2 was 0.930, the Durbin-Watson test result was 1.615, the variance inflation coefficient (VIF) was less than 5, and the significance P values were less than 0.05, indicating that the three habitat factors included in the analysis model were independent of each other, and there was no collinearity. The analysis result was statistically significant. Conclusion Higher canopy density, lower wind speed and higher soil water content are choices of environment made by E. pseudosauteri according to its own biological characteristics and living habits, reflecting its habitat needs in communication, mating, breeding and spawning. Therefore, in carrying out the breeding, protection and habitat management of E. pseudosauteri population, attention should be paid to increasing canopy closure, reducing the impact of environmental wind, and maintaining suitable soil and air humidity. [Ch, 4 tab. 32 ref.] -
表 1 34个调查点的三叶虫萤种群密度和生境因子调研结果
Table 1. Results of E. pseudosauteri population density and habitat factors in 34 survey sites
点位编号 D/(只·m−2) XTEMP/℃ XRH/% XWS/(m·s−1) XAL/lx XCC/% XATH/m XPD/(株·m−2) XAHSG/cm XGC/% XTBL/cm pH XSWC/% 1 4.3 12.4 63.80 1.4 0.07 63 15.8 78 16.7 63.50 6.3 6.24 33.32 2 8.2 11.3 77.30 0.7 0.05 86 12.5 105 18.5 72.40 11.5 5.85 47.16 3 2.1 11.6 59.27 1.8 0.17 57 16.5 69 16.3 60.50 4.3 5.92 33.47 3 0.2 13.3 52.48 2.7 0.25 37 4.5 38 82.5 52.40 3.4 6.84 34.64 5 0.7 10.8 54.23 2.3 0.20 42 8.6 66 68.4 66.20 2.8 6.58 32.53 6 0.2 10.3 56.04 3.0 0.22 24 3.8 53 22.5 43.60 1.9 6.13 38.61 7 4.8 9.7 67.16 1.5 0.11 68 9.5 82 32.6 84.60 6.6 6.74 42.12 8 6.4 10.4 66.70 1.5 0.09 86 14.0 99 32.3 87.30 6.5 6.38 42.64 9 0.8 10.9 64.30 2.2 0.16 53 9.8 59 58.7 58.32 4.5 6.11 37.68 10 0.3 11.7 58.64 2.1 0.19 32 6.8 47 72.4 47.93 1.8 5.83 41.28 11 1.8 11.3 57.12 2.2 0.13 61 5.3 63 62.4 78.30 6.2 6.38 35.26 12 5.2 9.8 74.24 1.3 0.06 75 9.5 86 44.6 83.70 5.7 6.44 43.62 13 1.3 12.4 68.59 1.9 0.14 44 10.5 64 67.3 90.20 4.7 6.81 37.66 14 4.4 11.8 70.43 1.9 0.08 72 17.5 87 37.4 96.50 3.7 5.66 36.46 15 7.1 10.8 69.20 1.2 0.06 77 15.4 95 68.3 95.40 10.3 6.59 43.87 16 10.2 11.2 76.53 0.6 0.03 94 17.3 108 46.5 92.30 9.6 6.56 45.26 17 9.4 11.6 75.32 0.3 0.02 90 5.5 103 37.5 79.20 8.4 6.37 40.68 18 0.4 10.3 55.71 2.5 0.15 47 15.0 56 77.5 94.40 3.3 6.28 32.52 19 0.6 12.3 62.21 1.8 0.17 35 4.5 62 17.5 83.50 4.4 5.71 31.38 20 4.6 10.5 71.43 0.9 0.04 73 9.8 77 33.5 93.80 8.2 6.25 36.59 21 3.8 10.7 67.23 2.2 0.09 71 11.5 70 33.5 72.60 5.2 6.55 38.21 22 4.5 11.5 64.54 1.6 0.06 82 12.3 84 47.3 82.40 5.5 6.62 41.64 23 6.2 9.6 71.58 1.2 0.05 79 9.7 95 47.4 81.64 7.8 5.97 40.83 24 1.4 10.3 66.53 2.6 0.12 68 8.6 67 22.8 78.79 5.3 6.45 35.77 25 2.7 9.4 65.28 1.4 0.10 53 5.7 72 73.6 72.51 5.2 6.33 43.62 26 3.2 11.5 70.52 1.7 0.09 56 7.5 77 55.5 57.38 3.8 6.57 44.69 27 0.2 12.7 63.88 2.6 0.28 44 8.5 35 87.2 44.52 2.3 5.93 32.17 28 7.6 11.4 67.28 0.5 0.07 74 12.5 92 45.7 88.62 6.5 6.43 44.86 29 6.5 10.8 70.35 0.9 0.10 73 11.6 94 44.9 74.68 9.4 6.58 39.82 30 8.4 9.7 73.22 0.4 0.08 83 14.2 104 34.8 85.46 11.2 5.74 43.74 31 3.6 10.6 71.83 2.5 0.12 64 7.8 76 52.7 76.51 6.8 5.69 36.53 32 7.3 11.5 73.24 0.7 0.04 92 9.3 99 33.2 92.66 7.9 5.82 42.65 33 6.8 10.3 75.62 0.5 0.03 66 10.8 97 27.5 85.92 8.5 6.33 43.72 34 5.7 9.8 72.57 0.8 0.09 70 9.2 83 31.7 86.52 4.8 6.41 39.64 说明：D. 三叶虫萤种群密度；XAL. 环境光强；XPD. 植被密度；XTEMP. 气温；XRH. 相对湿度；XWS. 风速；XCC. 郁闭度；XATH. 乔木平均高度；XAHSG. 灌木地被平均高度；XGC. 地被覆盖度；XTBL. 凋落物层厚度；pH. 土壤pH；XSWC. 土壤含水量 
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表 2 三叶虫萤栖息地12个生境因子相关性分析结果
Table 2. Results of correlation analysis of 12 habitat factors in E. pseudosauteri habitat
生境因子 XTEMP XRH XWS XAL XCC XATH XPD XAHSG XGC XTBL pH XSWC XTEMP 1 XRH −0.295 1 XWS 0.235 −0.756 1 XAL 0.247 −0.801 0.826 1 XCC −0.264 0.764 −0.742 −0.834 1 XATH −0.040 0.289 −0.329 −0.313 0.489 1 XPD −0.381 0.801 −0.852 −0.851 0.884 0.477 1 XAHSG 0.193 −0.379 0.367 0.389 −0.363 −0.214 −0.483 1 XGC −0.291 0.492 −0.512 −0.581 0.594 0.476 0.611 −0.174 1 XTBL −0.287 0.727 −0.776 −0.739 0.788 0.367 0.833 −0.344 0.508 1 XSPH −0.021 −0.119 0.004 −0.048 0.017 −0.050 −0.021 0.264 0.069 −0.018 1 XSWC −0.394 0.654 −0.656 −0.611 0.588 0.153 0.696 −0.132 0.255 0.577 0.141 1 说明：D. 三叶虫萤种群密度；XAL. 环境光强；XPD. 植被密度；XTEMP. 气温；XRH. 相对湿度；XWS. 风速；XCC. 郁闭度；XATH. 乔木平均高度；XAHSG. 灌木地被平均高度；XGC. 地被覆盖度；XTBL. 凋落物层厚度；pH. 土壤pH；XSWC. 土壤含水量
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表 3 三叶虫萤种群密度与生境因子的逐步回归分析结果
Table 3. Results of stepwise regression analysis of E. pseudosauteri population density and habitat factors
生境因子 R R2 $\scriptstyle R_{{\rm{adj}}}^2 $ ESE d 郁闭度 0.903 0.816 0.810 1.304 3 风速 0.962 0.925 0.921 0.843 1 土壤含水量 0.968 0.937 0.930 0.790 3 1.615 说明：R为相关系数；R2为决定系数；$\scriptstyle R_{{\rm{adj}}}^2 $为调整后的决定系数；d为Durbin-Watson检验统计量；ESE为估计标准误差
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表 4 三叶虫萤种群密度与生境因子的逐步回归模型系数
Table 4. Stepwise regression model coefficients of E. pseudosauteri population density and habitat factors
被选择的变量 未标准化系数(B) 标准误差 标准化系数(β) t P 共线性统计 容差 方差膨胀系数 常数项 −6.584 3.038 −2.168 0.038 郁闭度 7.446 1.033 0.505 7.209 0.000 0.431 2.318 风速 −1.666 0.295 −0.424 −5.650 0.000 0.375 2.665 土壤含水量 9.337 4.062 0.143 2.299 0.029 0.546 1.830
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