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芸香Ruta graveolens又名臭草、香草、百应草、小叶香,是芸香科Rutaceae芸香属Ruta多年生草本植物。植株高达1 m,叶羽状复叶,灰绿或带蓝绿色;花金黄色,花期3-6月;原产地中海沿岸,在中国均有栽培[1]。芸香植株各部分均有浓烈的特殊气味,具有杀虫抑菌效果[2-4];全株均可入药,有清热解毒、凉血散瘀、利尿、消肿、止咳平喘等功效[5-6]。目前,对芸香科的研究主要集中在生理特性[7-8]、分子生物学[9-10]、精油化学成分[3-4, 11-13]及抑菌效果[14-15]等方面,并未见有关芸香花瓣及叶片挥发性有机物成分随时间变化的相关报道。现有的研究探究芸香的有机物成分主要采用精油作为试验材料[16-18],精油的提取常常会受提取温度和方法的干扰,造成某些挥发性物质受到破坏,不能完全反映芸香释放的挥发性有机物的成分。因此,本研究采用顶空固相微萃取技术吸附采集不同时期芸香叶片释放的挥发性有机成分,结合气质联用仪检测并分析不同季节及1 d中不同时间释放的挥发性有机物成分及相对含量,揭示其叶片挥发性有机物的季节变化规律和日变化规律;并用相同的方法探究叶片和花瓣释放的挥发性有机物成分的差异,为科学利用芸香营造生态型、保健型、芳香园林景观提供理论依据。
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芸香叶片1 a中不同季节释放的挥发性有机物中,共鉴定出29种化合物(图 1,表 1),其中酯类11种,酮类7种,烷类4种,萜烯类,酸类和醇类各2种,以及少量的酚类和其他化合物;主要成分为乙酸壬酯、4-(3, 4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-2-丁酮、2-壬酮和2-十一(烷)酮等。1 a中检测到叶片释放的挥发性有机物种类数量呈先增多后减少的趋势;6月最多,为18种,9月最少,仅为10种(图 2)。3月挥发性有机物成分检测到酮类、酯类和烷类3类化合物,以酮类最多,其次为酯类;其中2-壬酮的相对含量最高,为48.98%。6月检测到酯类、酮类、萜烯类、酸类、烷类、酚类和醇类7类化合物,以酯类最多,7种。9月检测到的挥发性有机物种类仅为6月的55.56%,酮类和酯类占50.00%,其中2-十一(烷)酮的相对含量最高,为34.13%。12月检测到的挥发物中以酮类为主,占当月总种类的54.55%。1 a中每个季节都可以检测到乙酸壬酯、2-壬酮和2-十一(烷)酮。
图 1 芸香叶片不同季节释放挥发性有机物的总离子流图
Figure 1. TIC of VOCs released from leaves of Ruta graveolens in different seasons
表 1 芸香叶片释放的挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量的季节变化
Table 1. Seasonal variations of components and relative contents of VOCs released from leaves of Ruta graveolens
挥发性有机物 t/min CAS号 分子式 相对含量/% 3月 6月 9月 12月 2-octanone 仲辛酮 9.37 000111-13-7 C8H16O 0.19 - - - 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- (Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯 10.99 003681-71-8 C8H16O2 5.96 2.41 - 2.15 2-nonanone 2-壬酮 13.86 000821-55-6 C9H18O 48.98 6.22 17.74 34.21 cyclohexene, 3, 4-diethenyl-3-methyl- 3, 4-二乙烯基-3-甲基环己烷 14.99 061141-77-3 C11H16 2.47 0.24 1.53 - cyclohexene 环己烯 15.45 000110-83-8 C6H10 - - 2.91 - cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl- 六甲基环三硅氮烷 16.02 000541-05-9 C6H18O3Si3 - - - 4.65 1-nonene 壬烯 16.40 000124-11-8 C9H18 - 14.25 - - butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)- (Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯 17.13 016491-36-4 C10H18O2 0.63 0.86 - - cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- 十甲基环五硅氧烷 17.54 000541-02-6 C10H30O5Si5 - - - 0.47 chloroacetic acid, octyl ester 氯乙酸辛酯 18.45 005451-98-9 C10H19ClO2 - - 5.08 - acetic acid, sec-octyl ester 乙酸仲辛酯 19.07 054515-77-4 C10H20O3 16.93 - - - 2-decanone 2-癸酮 20.05 000693-54-9 C10H20O 1.14 0.52 - 0.09 2-undecanone 2-十一(烷)酮 20.21 000112-12-9 C11H22O 21.89 20.02 34.13 37.88 tridecyl acetate 十三基醋酸 20.39 1000351-76-9 C15H30O2 - - 2.43 - 2-dodecanone 2-十二烷酮 20.83 006175-49-1 C12H24O 0.68 1.23 - 2.04 acetic acid, nonyl ester 乙酸壬酯 21.38 000143-13-5 C11H22O2 0.41 0.61 15.46 10.20 butylated hydroxytoluene 2, 6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚 23.38 000128-37-0 C15H24O - 0.42 - - 2-acetoxy tridecane 2-乙酰氧基十三烷 25.26 1000245-61-2 C15H30O 0.72 - - - 2-tridecanone 2-十三烷酮 25.71 000593-08-8 C13H26O - 0.78 - 1.30 2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester 肉桂酸甲酯 25.78 000103-26-4 C10H10O2 - - - 0.96 7H-furo[3, 2-g][1]benzopyran-7- one 未命名 30.29 000066-97-7 C11H6O3 - - 4.72 - 4-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -2-butanone 4-(3, 4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-2-丁酮 30.64 055418-52-5 C11H12O3 - 5.64 12.89 6.06 1, 3-benzodioxole, 5-(2, 2-dimethylethyl)- 未命名 33.45 028140-80-9 C11H14O2 - - 3.11 - 2H-furo[2, 3-H]-1-benzopyran-2-one 二氢山芹醇 34.46 000523-50-2 C14H14O4 - 0.59 - - (Z, Z)-9, 13-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-9,13-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 34.78 000060-33-4 C18H32O3 - 16.80 - - (Z, Z)-9, 14-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-9,14-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 34.85 000060-33-5 C18H32O4 - 10.81 - - (Z, Z)-9, 15-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-9, 15-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 35.08 000060-33-6 C18H32O5 - 3.29 - - n-Hexadecanoic acid 十六烷酸 38.06 000057-10-3 C16H32O2 - 5.31 - - (Z, Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-9, 12-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 40.92 000060-33-3 C18H32O2 - 10.01 - - 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在 图 2 1 a中不同季节芸香叶片释放的各类挥发物数量和相对含量的变化
Figure 2. Component numbers and relative contents of classified VOCs from leaves in different seasons of a year
1 a中不同季节,芸香叶片释放的酯类物质的相对含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在6月最高,为44.78%,12月最低(图 2)。烷类和酮类化合物均呈先下降后上升的趋势,6月其相对含量最低,12月达最高。萜烯类、酸类和醇类化合物只在6月和9月检测到,且6月检测到的萜烯类和酸类化合物相对含量均高于9月;酚类物质仅在6月检测到。叶片释放的主要成分季节变化趋势如下:2-壬酮和2-十一(烷)酮的相对含量随季节呈高-低-高的趋势,而乙酸壬酯则呈现低—高—低的变化趋势。
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芸香叶片1 d中不同时段释放的挥发性有机物共鉴定出41种(表 2)。其中酯类化合物10种,酮类7种,酸类和醛类各6种,烷类和醇类各4种,以及少量的萜烯类、炔类等化合物;主要成分为乙酸仲辛酯,2-壬酮,2-十一(烷)酮,十六烷酸,油酸等。8:00-20:00叶片释放的挥发性有机物种类呈先增多后减少的趋势(图 3),12:00最多,为22种,20:00最少,为14种。8:00检测到酮类、酯类、酸类和醛类等4类化合物,以酮类最多;但挥发物的相对含量以酸类最高,其中十六烷酸和油酸,分别为39.90%和19.31%。10:00挥发物种类较8:00增加了6种,出现了烷类、醇类和炔类;酯类数量最多,其次为酮类,2类物质的相对含量较8:00大幅上升,酮类占此时挥发物含量的58.11%,其中2-壬酮占35.10%;而酸类化合物的相对含量急剧下降,仅为3.31%。12:00-14:00挥发物种类较10:00变化不大,14:00出现了萜烯类,但相对含量较低。16:00-20:00种类逐渐减少,主要成分和相对含量均以酮类和酯类化合物为主;18:00酸类相对含量在1 d中最低,而此时萜烯类和醛类含量达最高。1 d中,每个时段均可检测到(Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯,乙酸壬酯,2-壬酮,2-癸酮,2-十一(烷)酮,2-十三烷酮和十六烷酸7种物质。
表 2 芸香叶片1 d中不同时间释放的挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量
Table 2. Components and relative contents of VOCs released from leaves of Ruta graveolens in one day
挥发性有机物 t/min 化合物相对含量/% 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- (Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯 10.99 2.32 0.96 1.35 1.41 1.82 1.32 0.68 2-nonanone 2-壬酮 13.86 3.84 35.10 28.04 31.54 34.76 36.96 36.39 (R)-(-)-5-hexen-2-ol (R)-(-)-5-己烯-2-醇 14.60 - - - - - 0.94 - cyclohexene, 3, 4-diethenyl-3 -methyl- 3, 4-二乙烯基-3-甲基环己烷 14.99 - 1.58 - - 2.02 - 1.92 1, 3 -cycloheptadiene 1, 3-环庚二烯 16.07 - - - - - 1.77 - 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol 3-环己烯-1-甲醇 16.07 - - 1.78 1.83 - - - butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)- (Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯 17.13 - 0.38 0.49 0.49 0.44 0.41 0.31 acetic acid, octyl ester 乙酸辛酯 18.69 - 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.40 - acetic acid, decyl ester 乙酸癸酯 18.69 - - - - - - 0.48 acetic acid, sec-octyl ester 乙酸仲辛酯 19.07 - 21.81 22.65 21.49 23.25 22.88 23.48 2-decanone 2-癸酮 20.05 0.37 1.24 1.11 1.22 1.31 1.56 1.34 2-undecanone 2-十一(烷)酮 20.21 17.24 20.86 22.31 21.46 24.25 23.75 26.73 pentafluoropropionic acid, nonyl ester 未命名 20.63 5.69 - - - - - - 2-dodecanone 2-十二烷酮 20.83 0.36 - - - - - - acetic acid, nonyl ester 乙酸壬酯 21.38 0.52 0.48 0.71 0.42 0.47 0.51 0.63 2-acetoxy tridecane 2-乙酰氧基十三烷 25.26 - 1.01 1.34 1.12 1.22 0.18 1.47 2-tridecanone 2-十三烷酮 25.71 0.90 0.70 0.85 0.73 0.90 1.66 1.03 2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl 肉桂酸甲酯 25.78 0.39 - - - - - - ester 4- (3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -2-bu tanone 4-(3, 4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-2-丁酮 30.64 3.61 0.21 0.26 0.37 0.30 0.26 - 2H-furo [2, 3-H]-1-benzopyran-2-one 二氢山芹醇 34.46 - 0.11 - 0.12 - - - hexadecanal 棕榈醛 35.58 2.09 - - - - - - tetradecanoic acid 十四烷酸 35.65 0.58 0.32 0.37 0.28 - - - n-hexadecanoic acid 十六烷酸 38.06 39.90 2.46 5.78 2.89 2.69 0.28 1.35 cyclopentadecanone, 2-hydroxy- 2-羟基环十五烷酮 38.45 - - - - 0.33 - - (Z)-ll-hexadecenoic acid 反-11-十六烯酸 38.45 - - - 0.07 - - - 9-tetradecenal, (Z)- (Z)-9-十四烯醛 38.72 1.51 - - - - - - 9-oxabicyclo [6.1.0] nonane 9-双环氧辛烷[6.1.0]壬烷 39.95 - - 0.09 - - - - cis-9-hexadecenoic acid 顺-9-十六碳烯酸 40.29 - - 0.91 - - - - hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 棕榈酸三甲基硅脂 40.81 1.37 - - - - - - (Z, Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-9, 12-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 40.92 - 7.23 0.76 1.67 - - - cis, cis-7, 10, -hexadecadienal 顺, 顺-7, 10-十六碳二烯醛 41.27 - - 0.22 - - 5.35 - oleic acid 油酸 41.84 19.31 0.36 7.20 9.23 4.21 - 3.66 (Z) -9, 17-octadecadienal (Z)-9, 17-十八烷烯醛 41.84 - 1.95 0.71 - - - - cis-13-octadecenoic acid 顺-13-十八碳烯酸 42.19 - - 1.08 - - 0.02 - 2-octyl-cyclopropaneoctanal 2-辛基-环丙基辛醛 42.47 - 1.87 1.58 2.35 0.37 - 0.54 cis-9-oxabicyclo [6.1.0] nonane 顺-9-双环氧辛烷[6.1.0]壬烷 42.72 - - - - 0.51 1.00 - Z, Z-10, 12-hexadecadien-1-ol acetate 1-乙酯基-Z, Z-10,12-十六二烯 42.91 - - - 0.24 - - - 1, 2-benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-, 1, 1-dioxide 未命名 43.02 - 0.23 - - - - - Z, Z-3, 13-octadecadienol-2-methyl 未命名 43.15 - 0.05 - - - - - 7-pentadecyne 7-十五炔 43.29 - 0.69 - - - - - (Z)-9-octadecenal (Z)-9-十八烷烯醛 43.47 - - - 0.71 0.74 0.75 - 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在 图 3 1 d中不同时段芸香叶片释放的各类挥发物数量的变化
Figure 3. Component numbers of classified VOCs from leaves in different times of a day
1 d不同时段,芸香叶片释放的酯类化合物的相对含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,10:00达最大;酮类呈先上升后略微下降再上升的趋势,20:00达最大,为65.49%;酸类呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,8:00最大,为59.80%。烷类和醛类相对含量变化不明显;萜烯类、炔类和醇类的相对含量较少,仅在少数几个时间段出现(表 3)。其中,主要成分日变化趋势如下:乙酸仲辛酯和2-十一(烷)酮的相对含量呈现低-高的变化趋势,十六烷酸则呈现高—低的变化趋势,2-壬酮的相对含量呈现低—高—低—高的变化趋势,油酸呈现出高—低—高—低的变化趋势。
表 3 芸香叶片1 d中不同时段挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量分类统计
Table 3. Classified statistic about components and relative contents of VOCs released from leaves in different time of a day
时刻 相对含量/% 酯 烯 烷 酮 酸 炔 醛 醇 其他 8:00 10.29 - - 26.31 59.80 - 3.60 - - 10:00 31.28 - 2.59 58.11 3.13 0.69 3.82 0.16 0.23 12:00 26.36 - 1.43 52.57 15.34 - 2.52 1.78 - 14:00 25.85 0.24 1.12 55.33 12.46 - 3.05 1.94 - 16:00 26.38 - 3.75 61.86 6.90 - 1.11 - - 18:00 25.51 1.77 1.18 64.20 0.30 - 6.10 0.94 - 20:00 25.57 - 3.39 65.49 5.01 - 0.54 - - 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在 -
通过对芸香花瓣的SPME/GC/MS总离子流图分析(图 4),扣除本底空气中的杂质,3月花期时,花瓣释放的挥发性有机物中检测出8种挥发性成分,其中酮类化合物最多,有5种,其相对含量占花瓣总挥发物的82.24%;其次为萜烯类化合物,其相对含量为11.20%(表 4)。花瓣中检测到的相对含量最多的挥发性成分是2-十一(烷)酮,为66.10%,其次为2-壬酮和壬烯。
表 4 芸香花瓣释放的挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量
Table 4. Components and relative contents of VOCs released from flowers of Ruta graveolens
挥发性有机物 t/min CAS号 相对含量/% 2-nonanone 2-壬酮 13.86 000821-55-6 13.18 cyclohexene, 3, 4-diethenyl-3-methyl- 3, 4-乙烯基-3-甲基环己烷 14.99 061141-77-3 1.82 1-nonene 壬烯 16.40 000124-11-8 11.20 2-decanone 2-癸酮 20.05 000693-54-9 2.09 2-undecanone 2-十一(烷)酮 20.21 000112-12-9 66.10 tridecyl acetate 乙酸十三酯 20.39 1000351-76-9 4.74 2-dodecanone 2-十二烷酮 20.83 006175-49-1 0.34 2-tridecanone 2-十三烷酮 25.71 000593-08-8 0.53 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在
Components and variations of volatile organic compounds released from leaves and flowers of Ruta graveolens
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摘要: 为探究芸香Ruta graveolens叶片和花瓣释放的挥发性有机物的成分及其变化规律,采用顶空-固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对芸香叶片和花瓣中释放的挥发性有机物成分进行采集,分析叶片和花瓣中挥发性有机物的主要成分、相对含量及叶片在不同时期挥发性有机物成分的差异。结果表明:1 a中不同季节芸香释放的挥发性有机物共鉴定出29种,其中酯类化合物11种,酮类化合物7种,为芸香挥发物的主要成分。1 a中,芸香叶片释放的挥发性有机物的种类呈先增加后减少的趋势;其中,6月检测到的挥发性有机物种类最多,为18种;9月最少,仅为10种。主要成分酯类物质的相对含量呈先上升后下降趋势,酮类化合物呈先下降后上升趋势。在6月的日变化检测中,挥发性有机物的种类呈先增多后减少趋势,依次为12:00 > 10:00 > 14:00 > 16:00,18:00 > 8:00 > 20:00,在12:00达到高峰,以酯类和酮类化合物为主。芸香花瓣释放的挥发性有机物种类少于叶片,主要成分为酮类化合物,以2-十一(烷)酮为主。芸香叶片和花瓣释放的挥发性有机物的主要成分均具有一定的药用保健作用,因此,芸香是营造保健型植物景观的理想材料。Abstract: In order to reveal dynamic changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released in different stages of Ruta graveolens, leaves and flowers were used as materials to determine the components, relative content, and releasing dynamics of VOCs using the methods of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed 29 VOCs that were identified in different seasons of the year. The major VOCs released from leaves of R. graveolens were esters (11 components) and ketones (7 components). Components released from leaves over one year were the most in June (18 components) and the least in September (10 components). Relative content for esters was the most in June and the least in December, but for ketones was the most in December and the least in June. In the course of one day, VOC components were the order at the following daytime hours:12:00 > 10:00 > 14:00 > 16:00 > 18:00 > 8:00 > 20:00; values at 12:00 were maximum, mainly esters and ketones. Major components released from flowers (esters having 2-undecanone as the primary VOC) were much less than from leaves. The major components released from leaves and flowers all had medical and health care benefits. Thus, R. graveolens, an admirable ornamental plant, could be a healthy and aromatic plant for improving a landscape.
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Key words:
- batany /
- Ruta graveolens /
- volatile organic compounds /
- seasonal variation /
- diurnal variation
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表 1 芸香叶片释放的挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量的季节变化
Table 1. Seasonal variations of components and relative contents of VOCs released from leaves of Ruta graveolens
挥发性有机物 t/min CAS号 分子式 相对含量/% 3月 6月 9月 12月 2-octanone 仲辛酮 9.37 000111-13-7 C8H16O 0.19 - - - 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- (Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯 10.99 003681-71-8 C8H16O2 5.96 2.41 - 2.15 2-nonanone 2-壬酮 13.86 000821-55-6 C9H18O 48.98 6.22 17.74 34.21 cyclohexene, 3, 4-diethenyl-3-methyl- 3, 4-二乙烯基-3-甲基环己烷 14.99 061141-77-3 C11H16 2.47 0.24 1.53 - cyclohexene 环己烯 15.45 000110-83-8 C6H10 - - 2.91 - cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl- 六甲基环三硅氮烷 16.02 000541-05-9 C6H18O3Si3 - - - 4.65 1-nonene 壬烯 16.40 000124-11-8 C9H18 - 14.25 - - butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)- (Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯 17.13 016491-36-4 C10H18O2 0.63 0.86 - - cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl- 十甲基环五硅氧烷 17.54 000541-02-6 C10H30O5Si5 - - - 0.47 chloroacetic acid, octyl ester 氯乙酸辛酯 18.45 005451-98-9 C10H19ClO2 - - 5.08 - acetic acid, sec-octyl ester 乙酸仲辛酯 19.07 054515-77-4 C10H20O3 16.93 - - - 2-decanone 2-癸酮 20.05 000693-54-9 C10H20O 1.14 0.52 - 0.09 2-undecanone 2-十一(烷)酮 20.21 000112-12-9 C11H22O 21.89 20.02 34.13 37.88 tridecyl acetate 十三基醋酸 20.39 1000351-76-9 C15H30O2 - - 2.43 - 2-dodecanone 2-十二烷酮 20.83 006175-49-1 C12H24O 0.68 1.23 - 2.04 acetic acid, nonyl ester 乙酸壬酯 21.38 000143-13-5 C11H22O2 0.41 0.61 15.46 10.20 butylated hydroxytoluene 2, 6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚 23.38 000128-37-0 C15H24O - 0.42 - - 2-acetoxy tridecane 2-乙酰氧基十三烷 25.26 1000245-61-2 C15H30O 0.72 - - - 2-tridecanone 2-十三烷酮 25.71 000593-08-8 C13H26O - 0.78 - 1.30 2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester 肉桂酸甲酯 25.78 000103-26-4 C10H10O2 - - - 0.96 7H-furo[3, 2-g][1]benzopyran-7- one 未命名 30.29 000066-97-7 C11H6O3 - - 4.72 - 4-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -2-butanone 4-(3, 4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-2-丁酮 30.64 055418-52-5 C11H12O3 - 5.64 12.89 6.06 1, 3-benzodioxole, 5-(2, 2-dimethylethyl)- 未命名 33.45 028140-80-9 C11H14O2 - - 3.11 - 2H-furo[2, 3-H]-1-benzopyran-2-one 二氢山芹醇 34.46 000523-50-2 C14H14O4 - 0.59 - - (Z, Z)-9, 13-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-9,13-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 34.78 000060-33-4 C18H32O3 - 16.80 - - (Z, Z)-9, 14-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-9,14-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 34.85 000060-33-5 C18H32O4 - 10.81 - - (Z, Z)-9, 15-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-9, 15-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 35.08 000060-33-6 C18H32O5 - 3.29 - - n-Hexadecanoic acid 十六烷酸 38.06 000057-10-3 C16H32O2 - 5.31 - - (Z, Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-9, 12-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 40.92 000060-33-3 C18H32O2 - 10.01 - - 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在 表 2 芸香叶片1 d中不同时间释放的挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量
Table 2. Components and relative contents of VOCs released from leaves of Ruta graveolens in one day
挥发性有机物 t/min 化合物相对含量/% 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- (Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯 10.99 2.32 0.96 1.35 1.41 1.82 1.32 0.68 2-nonanone 2-壬酮 13.86 3.84 35.10 28.04 31.54 34.76 36.96 36.39 (R)-(-)-5-hexen-2-ol (R)-(-)-5-己烯-2-醇 14.60 - - - - - 0.94 - cyclohexene, 3, 4-diethenyl-3 -methyl- 3, 4-二乙烯基-3-甲基环己烷 14.99 - 1.58 - - 2.02 - 1.92 1, 3 -cycloheptadiene 1, 3-环庚二烯 16.07 - - - - - 1.77 - 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol 3-环己烯-1-甲醇 16.07 - - 1.78 1.83 - - - butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)- (Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯 17.13 - 0.38 0.49 0.49 0.44 0.41 0.31 acetic acid, octyl ester 乙酸辛酯 18.69 - 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.40 - acetic acid, decyl ester 乙酸癸酯 18.69 - - - - - - 0.48 acetic acid, sec-octyl ester 乙酸仲辛酯 19.07 - 21.81 22.65 21.49 23.25 22.88 23.48 2-decanone 2-癸酮 20.05 0.37 1.24 1.11 1.22 1.31 1.56 1.34 2-undecanone 2-十一(烷)酮 20.21 17.24 20.86 22.31 21.46 24.25 23.75 26.73 pentafluoropropionic acid, nonyl ester 未命名 20.63 5.69 - - - - - - 2-dodecanone 2-十二烷酮 20.83 0.36 - - - - - - acetic acid, nonyl ester 乙酸壬酯 21.38 0.52 0.48 0.71 0.42 0.47 0.51 0.63 2-acetoxy tridecane 2-乙酰氧基十三烷 25.26 - 1.01 1.34 1.12 1.22 0.18 1.47 2-tridecanone 2-十三烷酮 25.71 0.90 0.70 0.85 0.73 0.90 1.66 1.03 2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl 肉桂酸甲酯 25.78 0.39 - - - - - - ester 4- (3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -2-bu tanone 4-(3, 4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-2-丁酮 30.64 3.61 0.21 0.26 0.37 0.30 0.26 - 2H-furo [2, 3-H]-1-benzopyran-2-one 二氢山芹醇 34.46 - 0.11 - 0.12 - - - hexadecanal 棕榈醛 35.58 2.09 - - - - - - tetradecanoic acid 十四烷酸 35.65 0.58 0.32 0.37 0.28 - - - n-hexadecanoic acid 十六烷酸 38.06 39.90 2.46 5.78 2.89 2.69 0.28 1.35 cyclopentadecanone, 2-hydroxy- 2-羟基环十五烷酮 38.45 - - - - 0.33 - - (Z)-ll-hexadecenoic acid 反-11-十六烯酸 38.45 - - - 0.07 - - - 9-tetradecenal, (Z)- (Z)-9-十四烯醛 38.72 1.51 - - - - - - 9-oxabicyclo [6.1.0] nonane 9-双环氧辛烷[6.1.0]壬烷 39.95 - - 0.09 - - - - cis-9-hexadecenoic acid 顺-9-十六碳烯酸 40.29 - - 0.91 - - - - hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester 棕榈酸三甲基硅脂 40.81 1.37 - - - - - - (Z, Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-9, 12-十八烷二烯酸乙酯 40.92 - 7.23 0.76 1.67 - - - cis, cis-7, 10, -hexadecadienal 顺, 顺-7, 10-十六碳二烯醛 41.27 - - 0.22 - - 5.35 - oleic acid 油酸 41.84 19.31 0.36 7.20 9.23 4.21 - 3.66 (Z) -9, 17-octadecadienal (Z)-9, 17-十八烷烯醛 41.84 - 1.95 0.71 - - - - cis-13-octadecenoic acid 顺-13-十八碳烯酸 42.19 - - 1.08 - - 0.02 - 2-octyl-cyclopropaneoctanal 2-辛基-环丙基辛醛 42.47 - 1.87 1.58 2.35 0.37 - 0.54 cis-9-oxabicyclo [6.1.0] nonane 顺-9-双环氧辛烷[6.1.0]壬烷 42.72 - - - - 0.51 1.00 - Z, Z-10, 12-hexadecadien-1-ol acetate 1-乙酯基-Z, Z-10,12-十六二烯 42.91 - - - 0.24 - - - 1, 2-benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)-, 1, 1-dioxide 未命名 43.02 - 0.23 - - - - - Z, Z-3, 13-octadecadienol-2-methyl 未命名 43.15 - 0.05 - - - - - 7-pentadecyne 7-十五炔 43.29 - 0.69 - - - - - (Z)-9-octadecenal (Z)-9-十八烷烯醛 43.47 - - - 0.71 0.74 0.75 - 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在 表 3 芸香叶片1 d中不同时段挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量分类统计
Table 3. Classified statistic about components and relative contents of VOCs released from leaves in different time of a day
时刻 相对含量/% 酯 烯 烷 酮 酸 炔 醛 醇 其他 8:00 10.29 - - 26.31 59.80 - 3.60 - - 10:00 31.28 - 2.59 58.11 3.13 0.69 3.82 0.16 0.23 12:00 26.36 - 1.43 52.57 15.34 - 2.52 1.78 - 14:00 25.85 0.24 1.12 55.33 12.46 - 3.05 1.94 - 16:00 26.38 - 3.75 61.86 6.90 - 1.11 - - 18:00 25.51 1.77 1.18 64.20 0.30 - 6.10 0.94 - 20:00 25.57 - 3.39 65.49 5.01 - 0.54 - - 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在 表 4 芸香花瓣释放的挥发性有机物成分及其相对含量
Table 4. Components and relative contents of VOCs released from flowers of Ruta graveolens
挥发性有机物 t/min CAS号 相对含量/% 2-nonanone 2-壬酮 13.86 000821-55-6 13.18 cyclohexene, 3, 4-diethenyl-3-methyl- 3, 4-乙烯基-3-甲基环己烷 14.99 061141-77-3 1.82 1-nonene 壬烯 16.40 000124-11-8 11.20 2-decanone 2-癸酮 20.05 000693-54-9 2.09 2-undecanone 2-十一(烷)酮 20.21 000112-12-9 66.10 tridecyl acetate 乙酸十三酯 20.39 1000351-76-9 4.74 2-dodecanone 2-十二烷酮 20.83 006175-49-1 0.34 2-tridecanone 2-十三烷酮 25.71 000593-08-8 0.53 说明:“-”为未检测到或不存在 -
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