-
光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky)属鞘翅目Coleoptera天牛科Cerambycidae沟胫天牛亚科Lamiinae星天牛属Anoplophora,是一种多食性蛀干性害虫,主要危害15个科几十种阔叶树种,包括杨属Populus,柳属Salix和槭属Acer等,广泛分布于华东和华北地区,其中在“三北”防护林和沿海防护林危害最为严重[1-5]。光肩星天牛成虫取食寄主植物的小枝和嫩叶,幼虫蛀食寄主植物的韧皮部和木质部,破坏寄主植物的输导组织,严重时甚至导致树木衰弱,最终死亡[6-7]。植食性昆虫通过寄主植物释放的挥发性次生物质,寻找、定位和识别寄主植物,进行选择性取食和产卵[8-11]。天牛亚科特殊的下口式口器,形成了一个独特的产卵方式,通过在寄主植物的树皮上咬一条缝或一个洞进行刻槽产卵[12]。光肩星天牛最喜欢在寄主植物树皮相对光滑的树干上部或主枝上产卵,但是光肩星天牛雌虫沿着树干进行产卵,甚至把卵产在因树冠枯死而暴露在外的树根上[13-14]。此外,光肩星天牛雌虫产卵的刻槽数与寄主植物的品质和种类有很大关系[12, 15]。光肩星天牛的寄主植物范围广泛,寄主挥发物成分复杂,并且光肩星天牛既危害衰弱寄主也危害健康寄主[15-16],对寄主的生理状态没有显著的偏好性,这跟一般的天牛习性不同[3, 17],这些特点都给光肩星天牛引诱剂的研究带来了很大的难度。目前,有关对光肩星天牛的防治主要还是物理防治、药剂防治和生物防治[18-19],市场上急需一种高效、绿色、无公害的光肩星天牛引诱剂。本研究期望通过研究光肩星天牛对适宜寄主的产卵行为差异,寻找影响其产卵的植物源信息素物质,为寻找一种绿色无公害的光肩星天牛引诱剂奠定基础。
-
光肩星天牛有选择性产卵试验的结果显示(图 1):光肩星天牛的尝试刻槽数和成功产卵数在青皮垂柳、苦楝和复叶槭等不同寄主植物间都显示出显著的差异(P<0.05)。其中,光肩星天牛在青皮垂柳上尝试刻槽数最多,苦楝次之,复叶槭上最少;而成功产卵数也是青皮垂柳上最多,复叶槭最少;在青皮垂柳上的产卵成功率达69.36%,而复叶槭上为0。
-
光肩星天牛无选择性产卵试验结果显示(图 2):光肩星天牛对青皮垂柳、苦楝和复叶槭树干的产卵选择性呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。光肩星天牛在青皮垂柳上的尝试刻槽数和成功产卵数最多,而苦楝和复叶槭次之,且3种寄主间呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。光肩星天牛的产卵偏好性为青皮垂柳>苦楝>复叶槭,而青皮垂柳树干上的产卵成功率高达84.44%。
-
表 1显示:青皮垂柳和苦楝分别测到16种化合物质,复叶槭检测到11种化合物质,其中烯烃类和烷烃类物质居多,醛类物质次之。3种寄主植物树干挥发物中多种成分存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。其中2-乙基已醛和3-蒈烯只在青皮垂柳中检测到,正己醛、3-己酮、正辛醛和环癸烷只有在苦楝中检测到,而复叶槭中检测到的物质在其他2种寄主植物树干中至少有1种可以检测到;丁酸丁酯、十一烷和壬醛只在青皮垂柳和苦楝中检测到,其中丁酸丁酯在苦楝中的质量浓度明显高于青皮垂柳中的质量浓度,而壬醛在青皮垂柳中的质量浓度明显高于苦楝中的质量浓度;正十六烷和正十七烷在在青皮垂柳和复叶槭中检测到,且在这2种寄主中的质量浓度没有显著性差异;?琢-蒎烯、莰烯、樟脑、十三烷和酞酸二乙酯在3种寄主植物树干中的质量浓度没有显著性差异;苯乙烯和苯乙酮在青皮垂柳中的质量浓度明显高于苦楝和复叶槭中的质量浓度,且在后2种寄主中的质量浓度没有显著性差异;2-乙基己醇和十四烷在青皮垂柳中的质量浓度明显高于复叶槭,而在青皮垂柳和苦楝中的质量浓度没有显著性差异,其中苦楝和复叶槭中2-乙基己醇的质量浓度具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而十四烷的质量浓度没有显著性差异。
表 1 3种寄主植物树干气体挥发物成分
Table 1. Chemical components of volatiles from three host plants' trunks
化合物 寄主植物树干气体挥发物质量浓度/(μg·L-1) 青皮垂柳 苦楝 复叶槭 正己醛hexanal 0b 3.85±1.04 a 0b 3-己酮3-hexanone 0b 4.86±1.59 a 0b 苯乙烯styrene 50.09±6.35 a 8.41±1.44 b 6.70±1.43 b α-薇烯a-pinene 70.80±2.93 a 74.83±5.95 a 76.10±8.94 a 莰烯camphene 11.25±1.42 a 9.38±1.57 a 10.35±1.44 a 2-乙基已醛2-ethyl-hexanal 12.06±3.63 a 0b 0b 正辛醛octanal 0b 9.24±1.71a 0b 3-蒈烯3-carene 4.91±1.05 a 0b 0b 丁酸丁酯butanoic acidbutyl ester 14.44±3.36 b 25.19±1.14 a 0c 2-乙基己醇2-ethyl-1-hexanol 161.14±29.28 a 153.36±17.06 a 121.42±5.02 b 苯乙酮acetophenone 19.73±0.94 a 11.69±0.47 b 9.48±2.79 b 十一烷undecane 17.96±2.75 a 13.15±2.76 a 0b 壬醛nonanal 107.02±17.04 a 45.74±3.45 b 0c 棒脑camphor 81.52±22.94 a 83.23±21.99 a 85.78±7.65 a 十三烷tridecane 105.12±16.35 a 93.95±7.77 a 100.59±8.53 a 十四烷tetradecane 78.17±0.93 a 65.35±2.8 ab 55.32±16.84 b 环癸烷cyclodecane 0b 48.18±7.17 a 0b 正十六烷hexadecane 33.02±6.70 a 0b 18.41±4.01 a 正十七烷heptadecane 33.09±15.23 a 0b 11.22±2.53 a 酞酸二乙酯diethyl phthalate 131.89±12.41a 137.13±18.98 a 121.20±7.86 a 说明:表中数据为平均值±标准误, 数据后标有不同字母表示差异显(P<0.05, Duncan's多重比较)。
Oviposition preferences of Anoplophora glabripennis on three host plants and composition analysis of host plant volatiles
-
摘要: 光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis的寄主植物范围广泛,既危害衰弱寄主也危害健康寄主。为了寻找影响光肩星天牛产卵的植物源信息物质,并为研制绿色无公害的光肩星天牛引诱剂奠定基础,通过室内有选择和无选择产卵试验,测定了光肩星天牛对青皮垂柳Salix ohsidare,苦楝Melia azedarach和复叶槭Acer negundo等3种寄主植物的产卵偏好行为,并采用动态顶空吸附法结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析了3种寄主植物树干挥发物成分。有选择产卵试验和无选择产卵试验结果都表明:光肩星天牛最喜欢在青皮垂柳上产卵,其次是苦楝,最后是复叶槭,其中,有选择产卵试验中,光肩星天牛在青皮垂柳上的产卵成功率达69.4%,在复叶槭上的产卵成功率为0。寄主植物挥发物成分分析结果显示:青皮垂柳和苦楝分别测到16种化合物,复叶槭检测到11种化合物,其中3-蒈烯和2-乙基己醛只在青皮垂柳中检测到。另外,壬醛、苯乙烯和苯乙酮在青皮垂柳中的质量浓度显著高于苦楝和复叶槭(P < 0.05)。在以上5种化合物中,有文献报道3-蒈烯和壬醛显示出对光肩星天牛吸引作用,因此推测,3-蒈烯和壬醛可能是对光肩星天牛具有产卵引诱作用的植物源成分。Abstract: Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) have a wide range of host plants and endanger both of the health host and the stressed host. In order to find the plant volatiles which affect oviposition behaviors and lay the foundation for the development of green attractant of A. glabripennis. The oviposition preference of three host plants, Salix ohsidare, Melia azedarach and Acer negundo, was tested by laboratory the selective and no-selective oviposition test. The volatile components of three host plants were analyzed by the method of dynamic headspace adsorption to combine Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of both the selective and the no-selective test showed that S. ohsidare was the most suitable for ovipositing by A. glabripennis, followed by M. azedarach, and finally A. negundo. The success rate of oviposition of A. glabripennis on S. ohsidare was 69.4%, and the one on A. negundo was 0. The results of host volatiles analysis showed that 16 compounds were found in S. ohsidare, and 11 compounds were detected in M. azedarach and A. negundo. 3-Carene and 2-ethyl-Hexanal only tested in S. ohsidare. The contents of nonanal, styrene, and acetophenone in S. ohsidare were significantly higher than M. azedarach and A. negundo. In the above five compounds, 3-carene and nonanal were reported to show the attraction on A. glabripennis, so we speculate that 3-carene and nonanal may be the effective components for attracting oviposition of A. glabripennis females.
-
Key words:
- forest protection /
- Anoplophora glabripennis /
- oviposition /
- host /
- volatiles /
- composition analysis
-
表 1 3种寄主植物树干气体挥发物成分
Table 1. Chemical components of volatiles from three host plants' trunks
化合物 寄主植物树干气体挥发物质量浓度/(μg·L-1) 青皮垂柳 苦楝 复叶槭 正己醛hexanal 0b 3.85±1.04 a 0b 3-己酮3-hexanone 0b 4.86±1.59 a 0b 苯乙烯styrene 50.09±6.35 a 8.41±1.44 b 6.70±1.43 b α-薇烯a-pinene 70.80±2.93 a 74.83±5.95 a 76.10±8.94 a 莰烯camphene 11.25±1.42 a 9.38±1.57 a 10.35±1.44 a 2-乙基已醛2-ethyl-hexanal 12.06±3.63 a 0b 0b 正辛醛octanal 0b 9.24±1.71a 0b 3-蒈烯3-carene 4.91±1.05 a 0b 0b 丁酸丁酯butanoic acidbutyl ester 14.44±3.36 b 25.19±1.14 a 0c 2-乙基己醇2-ethyl-1-hexanol 161.14±29.28 a 153.36±17.06 a 121.42±5.02 b 苯乙酮acetophenone 19.73±0.94 a 11.69±0.47 b 9.48±2.79 b 十一烷undecane 17.96±2.75 a 13.15±2.76 a 0b 壬醛nonanal 107.02±17.04 a 45.74±3.45 b 0c 棒脑camphor 81.52±22.94 a 83.23±21.99 a 85.78±7.65 a 十三烷tridecane 105.12±16.35 a 93.95±7.77 a 100.59±8.53 a 十四烷tetradecane 78.17±0.93 a 65.35±2.8 ab 55.32±16.84 b 环癸烷cyclodecane 0b 48.18±7.17 a 0b 正十六烷hexadecane 33.02±6.70 a 0b 18.41±4.01 a 正十七烷heptadecane 33.09±15.23 a 0b 11.22±2.53 a 酞酸二乙酯diethyl phthalate 131.89±12.41a 137.13±18.98 a 121.20±7.86 a 说明:表中数据为平均值±标准误, 数据后标有不同字母表示差异显(P<0.05, Duncan's多重比较)。 -
[1] 骆有庆, 李建光.光肩星天牛的生物学特性及发生现状[J].植物检疫, 1999, 13(1):5-7. LUO Youqing, LI Jianguang. Bionomics and occurrence of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)[J]. Plant Quarant, 1999, 13(1):5-7. [2] NRHME M E, KEENA M A, ZHANG A, et al. Evaluating the use of male-produced pheromone components and plant volatiles in two trap designs to monitor Anoplophora glabripennis[J]. Environ Entomol, 2010, 39(1):169-176. [3] HÉRARD F, CIAMPITTI M, MASPERO M, et al. Anoplophora species in Europe:infestations and management processes[J]. Eppo Bull, 2006, 36(3):470-474. [4] 骆有庆, 刘荣光, 许志春, 等.防护林杨树天牛灾害的生态调控理论与技术[J].北京林业大学学报, 2002, 24(5):160-164. LUO Youqing, LIU Rongguang, XU Zhichun, et al. Theories and technologies of ecologically regulating poplar longhorned beetle disaster in shelter forest[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2002, 24(5):160-164. [5] HAACK R A, HÉRARD F, SUN Jianghua, et al. Managing invasive populations of Asian longhorned beetle and citrus longhorned beetle:a worldwide perspective[J]. Annu Rev Entomol, 2010, 55(1):521-546. [6] WILLIAMS D W, LI Guohong, GAO Ruitong. Tracking movements of individual Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) adults:application of harmonic radar[J]. Environ Entomol, 2004, 33(3):644-649. [7] 高瑞桐, 秦锡祥, 陈德钧, 等.光肩星天牛危害对杨树损失的研究[J].林业科学研究, 1993, 6(2):189-193. GAO Ruitong, QIN Xixiang, CHEN Dejun, et al. A study on the damage of poplar caused by Anoplophora glabripennis[J]. For Res, 1993, 6(2):189-193. [8] KESSLER A, BALDWIN I T. Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature[J]. Science, 2001, 291(5511):2141-2144. [9] FRANCIS F, LOGNAY G, HAUBRUGE E. Olfactory responses to aphid and host plant volatile releases:(E)-β-farnesene an effective kairomone for the predator Adalia bipunctata[J]. J Chem Ecol, 2004, 30(4):741-755. [10] ZHU Junwei, COSSÉA A, OBRYCKI J J, et al. Olfactory reactions of the twelve-spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata and the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea to semiochemicals released from their prey and host plant:electroantennogram and behavioral responses[J]. J Chem Ecol, 1999, 25(5):1163-1177. [11] 李建光, 骆有庆, 金幼菊.复叶槭挥发性物质对光肩星天牛的触角电位反应[J].北京林业大学学报, 1999, 21(4):1-5. LI Jianguang, LUO Youqing, JIN Youju. Electroantennogram activity of ash leaf maple(Acer negundo) volatiles to Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.)[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 1999, 21(4):1-5. [12] HANKS L M. Influence of the larval host plant on reproductive strategies of cerambycid beetles[J]. Annu Rev Entomol, 1999, 44(1):483-505. [13] HAACK R A, LAW K R, MASTRO V C, et al. New York's battle with the Asian long-horned beetle[J]. J For, 1997, 95(12):11-15. [14] LINGAFELTER S W, HOEBEKE E R. Revision of the Genus Anoplophora (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)[R]. Washington D C:Entomological Society of Washington, 2002:143-149. [15] 姚万军, 杨忠岐.利用管氏肿腿蜂防治光肩星天牛技术研究[J].环境昆虫学报, 2008, 30(2):127-134. YAO Wanjun, YANG Zhongqi. Studies on biological control of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) with a parasitoid, Sclerodermus guani (Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)[J]. J Environ Entomol, 2008, 30(2):127-134. [16] HAACK R A. Exotic bark-and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States:recent establishments and interceptions[J]. Canad J For Res, 2006, 36(2):269-288. [17] FAN Jianting, SUN Jianghui. Influences of host volatiles on feeding behaviour of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus[J]. J Appl Entomol, 2006, 130(4):238-244. [18] HAACK R A, FRANK S J. Nutritional ecology of wood-feeding Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera[G]//SLANSKY F, RODRIGUEZ J G. Nutritional Ecology of Insects Mites Spiders, and Related Invertebrates. New York:Wiley-Interscience, 1987:449-486. [19] 秦凯伦, 胡春祥, 王忠杰.不同药剂对哈尔滨市光肩星天牛的防治试验[J].东北林业大学学报, 2009, 37(9):97-98. QIN Kailun, HU Chunxiang, WANG Zhongjie. Control effects of five pesticides on Anoplophora glabripennis in Harbin[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2009, 37(9):97-99. [20] 罗亚萍. 光肩星天牛的寄主选择行为和植物源引诱剂研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江农林大学, 2013. LUO Yaping. The Host Choice Behavior of Anoplophora glabripenn and the Research of Lure from Host[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang A & F University, 2013. [21] KEENA M A. Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) fecundity and longevity under laboratory conditions:comparison of populations from New York and Illinois on Acer saccharum[J]. Enviro Entomol, 2002, 31(3):490-498. [22] MOREWOOD W D, NEINER P R, MCNEIL J R, et al. Oviposition preference and larval performance of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) in four eastern north American hardwood tree species[J]. Environ Entomol, 2003, 32(5):1028-1034. [23] NEHME M E, KEENA M A, ZHANG A, et al. Attraction of Anoplophora glabripennis to male-produced pheromone and plant volatiles[J]. Environ Entomol, 2009, 38(6):1745-1755. [24] WICKHAM J D, XU Zhichun, TEALE S A. Evidence for a female-produced, long range pheromone of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)[J]. Insect Sci, 2012, 19(3):355-371. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.06.013