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云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi是中国重要的林业蛀干害虫,隶属于鞘翅目Coleoptera天牛科Cerambycidae,也称为云斑白条天牛,分布范围广,为害毛白杨Populus tomentosa、核桃Juglans regis、油橄榄Oleaeuropaea、板栗Castanea mollissima、白蜡Fraxinus chinensis等近百种阔叶林木和果树[1]。由于云斑天牛生活隐蔽,抗逆性强且防治困难,一旦发生会对许多天然林、经济林和城市园林树木造成毁灭性危害[2-4]。在中国有害物风险分析中,云斑天牛有害生物风险分析(PRA)值为2.04,属于高度危险性林业有害生物[4-5]。
昆虫的取食行为是昆虫在接受内外信息后,由神经系统和肌肉系统作出的综合反应,表现出摄取食物以及与此相关的一系列活动[6]。寄主植物是影响植食性昆虫取食和产卵的重要因素,其中包括寄主植物种类、数量及寄主植物挥发物、遗传因素等[7]。昆虫的取食行为主要受到2个因素的影响:营养需求和食物适口性[8]。昆虫产卵行为的总体原则是最有利于其后代生活,最大限度提高其种群存活数量[9-10],故取食和产卵行为均会表现出一定的选择性。昆虫对于植物的正趋向性取食和产卵可称为取食偏好性和产卵偏好性。
植食性昆虫都能利用植物挥发物来找到寄主植物,完成生长发育和繁殖,同时也可避免误食非寄主植物而引起中毒或者营养不良[11]。尹姣[12]、李超等[13] 研究显示:当几种不同的寄主植物同时存在时,昆虫取食行为具有一定的选择性。朱林慧等[14]的研究表明:为害核桃种群的云斑天牛对原寄主核桃有明显的取食偏好性,且对原寄主具有较强的产卵选择性和依赖性。高瑞桐等[15]、钱范俊等[16]的研究结果则表明:蔷薇科Rosaceae植物是为害杨树种群的云斑天牛成虫的喜食树种,但云斑天牛在这些寄主植物上取食补充营养、交配后,会转移至原寄主杨树上刻槽产卵;如果强制天牛取食杨树来补充营养,天牛则不能产卵。目前,对于不同生长环境对云斑天牛取食和产卵偏好的影响研究较少。本研究探讨不同种群云斑天牛成虫对大叶杨P. lasiocarpa、女贞Ligustrum lucidum、白蜡、黄连木Pistacia chinensis等4种寄主植物的取食偏好和产卵偏好差异,分析其中的原因,为开发云斑天牛植物源引诱剂提供理论依据与技术支持。
Differences in feeding and oviposition behavior of different populations of Batocera horsfieldi
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摘要:
目的 研究不同种群云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi 对寄主植物的适应性。 方法 通过室内取食和产卵试验,测定余姚种群云斑天牛和临安种群云斑天牛对4种寄主植物(黄连木Pistacia chinensis、女贞Ligustrum lucidum、白蜡Fraxinus chinensis和大叶杨Populus lasiocarpa)的取食和产卵行为差异。 结果 取食试验结果显示:余姚种群云斑天牛与临安种群云斑天牛对4种寄主植物表现出不同的取食偏好性。余姚种群取食偏好性从高到低依次为黄连木、女贞、白蜡和大叶杨,余姚种群最喜欢取食黄连木。在选择性条件和无选择性条件下,取食量分别为(1 520.00±34.79)和(1 815.50±42.13) mm2。临安种群取食偏好性从高到低依次为女贞、黄连木、白蜡和大叶杨。临安种群最喜欢取食女贞,在选择性条件和无选择性条件下,取食量分别为(1 347.33±51.95)和(1 173.00±75.54) mm2。产卵结果试验显示:余姚种群和临安种群云斑天牛对4种寄主植物表现出比较一致的产卵偏好性,都喜欢在大叶杨上产卵。余姚种群产卵偏好性从高到低依次为大叶杨、女贞、黄连木和白蜡,在选择性和非选择性条件下,在大叶杨上的刻槽数分别为(72.00±5.87)和(82.00±7.64) 个,产卵数分别为(60.00±6.19)和(58.00±5.66) 粒。临安种群产卵偏好性从高到低依次为大叶杨、女贞、白蜡和黄连木,在选择性和非选择性条件下,在大叶杨上的刻槽数分别为(35.00±5.22)和(30.00±3.85) 个,产卵数分别为(22.00±4.51)和(25.00±3.08) 粒。 结论 余姚和临安种群云斑天牛为适应不同地理环境,取食偏好寄主不同。余姚种群云斑天牛偏好取食黄连木 ,而临安种群云斑天牛偏好取食女贞。2个种群云斑天牛产卵偏好寄主相同,均为大叶杨。图3参23 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore the adaptability of different populations of Batocera horsfieldi to host plants. Method Through indoor feeding and oviposition experiments, the difference of feeding and oviposition behaviors between B. horsfieldi in Yuyao and that in Lin’an to four host plants were measured. Result The feeding experiment showed that Yuyao population and Lin’an population had different feeding preference for four host plants. The feeding preference of Yuyao population in descending order was Pistacia chinensis, Ligustrum lucidum, Fraxinus chinensis and Populus lasiocarpa. Yuyao population liked P. chinensis best. Under selective and non-selective conditions, the food intake was (1 520.00±34.79) and (1 815.50±42.13) mm2. The feeding preference order of Lin’an population was L. lucidum, P. chinensis, F. chinensis and P. lasiocarpa from high to low. Lin’an population liked L. lucidum best. Under selective and non-selective conditions, the food intake was (1 347.33±51.95) and (1 173.00±75.54) mm2. Yuyao population and Lin’an population showed consistent oviposition preference for four host plants, and they all liked to oviposit on P. lasiocarpa. The oviposition preference order of Yuyao population was P. lasiocarpa, L. lucidum, P. chinensis and F. chinensis from high to low. Under selective and non-selective conditions, the number of grooves on P. lasiocarpa was 72.00±5.87 and 82.00±7.64, and the number of eggs was 60.00±6.19 and 58.00±5.66, respectively. The oviposition preference order of Lin’an population was P. lasiocarpa, L. lucidum, F. chinensis and P. chinensis from high to low. Under selective and non-selective conditions, the number of grooves on P. lasiocarpa was 35.00±5.22 and 30.00±3.85, and the number of eggs was 22.00±4.51 and 25.00±3.08, respectively. Conclusion In order to adapt to different habitat environments, different populations of B. horsfieldi have different feeding preference hosts. Yuyao population prefers to feed on P. chinensis, while Lin’an population prefers to feed on L. lucidum. P. lasiocarpa is the oviposition preference host of both populations. [Ch, 3 fig. 23 ref.] -
Key words:
- forest protection /
- Batocera horsfieldi /
- host plant /
- feeding /
- oviposition /
- preference
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20210366