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近年来,庭院花卉、家庭菜园等农艺经营活动受到人们广泛的青睐,而快节奏的生活方式(不能及时灌水)导致植株遭受水分胁迫威胁的问题较为严重,因此,探索简便实用的盆栽植物水分管理技术具有重要的实用意义。土壤水分是植物生长的重要因子,研究表明:缺水时植物的形态生长和生理特性均会受到不同程度的影响[1]。水分胁迫下,植物细胞分裂和体积增长受到显著抑制,植株生长变缓;叶绿体结构破坏,叶绿素含量下降,造成植物光合作用和干物质的积累受阻[2]。叶片相对含水量(RWC)可表征植物组织水分的亏缺程度[3-4],过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度和脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数等3个指标分别表征植物抵御活性氧伤害的保护酶活性、细胞质膜过氧化最终分解产物含量和植物体内渗透调节物质的含量[5-8],研究中常用来表征植物水分胁迫状态,并以此为依据探索简便实用的水分管理技术。农业岩棉是一种由玄武岩类材料经高温熔融,离心喷吹等工序加工而成的矿物棉,孔隙度高,通气性好,质地较轻,浸水不易变形;具有很强的蓄水和保水性能,对外界环境湿度变化具有缓冲作用,可为植物根系生长创造良好稳定的生长环境,适用于工厂化立体育苗栽培,在现代农业生产领域,常被作为无土栽培的基质而广泛应用于花卉蔬菜等经济型作物的育苗栽培[9]。农业岩棉应用于室内盆栽植物栽培,一定程度上解决了盆栽浇水不及时引起的植物缺水问题,也为拓展农业岩棉的新的应用领域提供借鉴。本研究选取对水分较敏感的樱桃番茄Lycopersicone sculentum作为研究对象,分析水分胁迫下岩棉及其不同埋设方式对土壤含水量、番茄植株形态生长指标和生理生化指标的影响,揭示岩棉及其不同埋设方式对缓解盆栽植物水分胁迫的作用,以期为岩棉保水技术在盆栽植物水分管理应用方面提供指导。
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由图1可知:番茄整个生长期内不同处理的土壤容积含水量均呈现下降趋势,同一生长期内岩棉处理(BR和FR)土壤容积含水量均显著高于ck(P<0.05)。与ck相比,BR和FR处理初苗期土壤容积含水量分别增加32.96%和41.02%,开花期分别增加41.45%和26.01%,结果初期分别增加41.81%和29.61%,结果末期分别增加40.72%和26.61%。除初苗期外,BR处理的土壤容积含水量均略高于FR处理。
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由表1可知:整个生长期内,同一处理番茄株高、地茎和叶片数均随时间增加而增加,最大叶面积先增加后减小。同一生长期番茄株高、地茎、叶片数、最大叶面积、根长和干质量等均表现为岩棉处理(BR和FR)高于ck,其中株高、叶片数、最大叶面积(除结果初期)和干质量等4个指标存在显著差异(P<0.05),结果末期BR和FR处理番茄株高分别显著增加9.77%和7.76%(P<0.05),叶片数分别显著增加17.52%和11.35%(P<0.05),最大叶面积分别显著增加33.64%和35.44%(P<0.05),干质量分别显著增加13.26%和4.69%(P<0.05)。
表 1 模拟水分胁迫条件下埋设岩棉对番茄植株生长的影响(n=9)
Table 1. Effects of embedded rock wool on tomato growth index under simulated water stress conditions (n=9)
生长期 处理 株高/cm 地茎/mm 叶片数/片 最大叶面积/cm2 根长/cm 干质量/g 初苗期 ck 35.17±1.49 b 5.99±0.18 a 75.00±3.21 b 14.05±1.10 b BR 38.67±0.35 a 6.03±0.21 a 84.55±2.76 a 18.47±0.68 a FR 38.72±0.39 a 6.16±0.24 a 83.2±0.39 ab 20.26±1.27 a 开花期 ck 51.95±1.04 b 7.18±0.13 a 132.89±8.73 b 18.77±0.63 b BR 57.83±1.93 a 7.30±0.24 a 153.67±1.35 a 21.48±1.64 a FR 57.22±1.47 a 7.77±0.31 a 180.89±11.95 ab 24.58±0.20 ab 结果初期 ck 63.44±0.69 b 8.03±0.09 a 206.78±13.13 b 19.37±1.44 a BR 70.67±0.58 a 8.01±0.21 a 233.22±8.55 a 23.05±1.42 a FR 69.61±0.94 a 8.42±0.36 a 256.44±5.67 ab 23.69±0.60 a 结果末期 ck 74.50±1.25 b 8.13±0.10 a 234.00±12.86 b 17.21±1.22 b 17.47±0.81 b 12.37±0.46 b BR 81.78±1.24 a 8.42±0.21 a 275.00±2.14 a 23.00±1.41 a 21.50±0.79 a 14.01±0.22 a FR 80.28±0.20 a 8.52±0.30 a 260.56±7.87 ab 23.31±1.05 a 18.61±0.39 b 12.95±0.39 ab 说明:同列不同字母表示同一生长期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05) -
番茄叶片总叶绿素质量分数和叶绿素a质量分数均表现为岩棉处理(BR和FR)高于ck(图2A和图2B),开花期和结果初期差异显著(P<0.05);除结果初期外,同一生长期内叶片叶绿素b质量分数岩棉处理(BR和FR)与对照差异不显著,结果末期叶绿素b质量分数突增,其他时期相同处理下番茄叶片叶绿素b质量分数相对稳定(图2C);相同处理下叶绿素a/b在结果前期比较稳定,结果末期骤降,4个时期不同处理之间均无显著差异(图2D)。同一生长期内番茄叶片相对含水量总体表现为岩棉处理(BR和FR)高于ck,脯氨酸质量分数、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度和过氧化物酶活性等指标均表现为岩棉处理(BR和FR)低于ck。同一处理番茄叶片相对含水量呈现先升后降的趋势,初苗期和开花期BR处理叶片相对含水量比ck分别显著增加13.34%和5.64%(P<0.05) (图3A)。所有时期BR处理下叶片脯氨酸质量分数比ck分别显著降低14.09%、17.55%、26.19%和15.30%(P<0.05) (图3B)。初苗期、开花期和结果末期BR处理叶片丙二醛质量摩尔浓度比ck分别显著降低16.87%,23.07%和26.54%(P<0.05);结果末期FR处理丙二醛质量摩尔浓度比ck显著降低20.16%(P<0.05)(图3C)。初苗期、开花期和结果末期BR处理番茄叶片过氧化物酶活性比ck分别显著降低16.87%,10.15%和4.15% (P<0.05) (图3D)。
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由表1可知:岩棉不同埋设方式处理后,番茄株高、地茎、叶片数和最大叶面积等生长指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果末期BR处理植株根长较FR处理显著增加15.53% (P<0.05),说明BR处理有利于植株根的伸长。
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生长期内番茄叶片总叶绿素、叶绿素a和叶绿素b质量分数及叶绿素a/b,BR处理总体均高于FR处理(图2)。初苗期和开花期BR处理叶片相对含水量比FR处理分别显著增加12.41%和4.90%(P<0.05) (图3A);初苗期、开花期、结果初期和结果末期BR处理叶片脯氨酸质量分数比FR处理分别显著降低8.04%、12.07%、15.38%和5.87%(P<0.05)(图3B);初苗期和开花期叶片丙二醛质量摩尔浓度BR处理比FR处理分别显著降低12.95%和24.11%(P<0.05)(图3C);初苗期、开花期和结果末期叶片过氧化物酶活性BR处理比FR处理分别显著降低12.60%、15.57%和2.91% (P<0.05) (图3D)。
Response of growth and physiological indicators of Lycopersicone sculentum to water stress relieved by rock wool
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摘要:
目的 探索盆栽模式下,岩棉材料及其不同埋设方式对土壤水分保蓄能力和植物栽培的实用效果。 方法 以番茄Lycopersicone sculentum幼苗为研究对象,设置植根下部埋设块状岩棉(BR)、环根周埋设片状岩棉(FR)和埋设惰性不吸水材料(ck) 3个处理,模拟水分胁迫下的植株生长;监测土表下5 cm处土壤含水量、番茄生育期内生长和生理指标变化。 结果 等量灌水条件下,土壤容积含水量从大到小依次为BR、FR、ck,岩棉处理显著高于对照(P<0.05)。同一生长期内岩棉处理(BR和FR)番茄株高、地茎、叶片数、最大叶面积、根长和干质量等指标均高于ck;不同岩棉埋设方式对同期植物的生长指标影响不显著,结果末期BR处理根长显著高于FR处理(P<0.05),同期番茄叶片叶绿素a质量分数、总叶绿素质量分数和相对含水量等从大到小依次为BR、FR、ck,而丙二醛质量摩尔浓度、脯氨酸质量分数和过氧化物酶活性从大到小依次为ck、FR、BR。 结论 岩棉材料可以有效提高盆栽土壤蓄水保水能力,缓解水分胁迫对盆栽植物生长及生理特性的不利影响,其中植根下部埋设块状岩棉(BR)对缓解水分胁迫、促进植物根系定植效果更佳。图3表1参31 Abstract:Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of rock wool and its different burying methods on improving soil water retention capacity as well as plant growth under pot culture mode. Method Lycopersicone sculentum seedlings were selected as the experimental objects. Three treatments were set up to simulate the plant growth under water stress, including burying block rock wool (BR) under the root, sheet rock wool (FR) around the root and inert nonabsorbent material (ck). The dynamic changes of soil water content at 5 cm below the soil surface, the growth and physiological indicators of L. sculentum were monitored. Result Under the condition of equal irrigation, the order of soil volume moisture content from large to small was BR, FR and ck, and the soil volume moisture content of rock wool treatment was significantly higher than that of ck (P<0.05), indicating that rock wool treatment could improve water retention and water storage capacity of potted soil. During the same growth period, the growth index such as plant height, base diameter, leaf number, maximum leaf area, root length and dry weight of L. sculentum treated with rock wool (BR and FR) were higher than those of ck, but there was no significant difference between two rock wool treatments, except that the root length of BR treatment was significantly higher than that of FR treatment (P<0.05). The order of the chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content and relative water content of L. sculentum leaf from large to small in the same period were BR, FR, and ck, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and peroxidase (POD) were in the opposite order, indicating that BR was more beneficial to plant root elongation and capable of alleviating plants damage caused by soil water stress. Conclusion Rock wool materials can effectively improve water retention and storage capacity of potted soil, and alleviate adverse effects of water stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of potted plants. Burying block rock wool (BR) under the root is more effective in alleviating water stress and promoting plant root colonization. [Ch, 3 fig. 1 tab. 31 ref.] -
表 1 模拟水分胁迫条件下埋设岩棉对番茄植株生长的影响(n=9)
Table 1. Effects of embedded rock wool on tomato growth index under simulated water stress conditions (n=9)
生长期 处理 株高/cm 地茎/mm 叶片数/片 最大叶面积/cm2 根长/cm 干质量/g 初苗期 ck 35.17±1.49 b 5.99±0.18 a 75.00±3.21 b 14.05±1.10 b BR 38.67±0.35 a 6.03±0.21 a 84.55±2.76 a 18.47±0.68 a FR 38.72±0.39 a 6.16±0.24 a 83.2±0.39 ab 20.26±1.27 a 开花期 ck 51.95±1.04 b 7.18±0.13 a 132.89±8.73 b 18.77±0.63 b BR 57.83±1.93 a 7.30±0.24 a 153.67±1.35 a 21.48±1.64 a FR 57.22±1.47 a 7.77±0.31 a 180.89±11.95 ab 24.58±0.20 ab 结果初期 ck 63.44±0.69 b 8.03±0.09 a 206.78±13.13 b 19.37±1.44 a BR 70.67±0.58 a 8.01±0.21 a 233.22±8.55 a 23.05±1.42 a FR 69.61±0.94 a 8.42±0.36 a 256.44±5.67 ab 23.69±0.60 a 结果末期 ck 74.50±1.25 b 8.13±0.10 a 234.00±12.86 b 17.21±1.22 b 17.47±0.81 b 12.37±0.46 b BR 81.78±1.24 a 8.42±0.21 a 275.00±2.14 a 23.00±1.41 a 21.50±0.79 a 14.01±0.22 a FR 80.28±0.20 a 8.52±0.30 a 260.56±7.87 ab 23.31±1.05 a 18.61±0.39 b 12.95±0.39 ab 说明:同列不同字母表示同一生长期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05) -
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