Content and distribution of the main nutrient elements in aboveground parts of Acidosasa edulis in southwest of Zhejiang Province
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摘要:
目的 研究浙西南地区不同年龄黄甜竹Acidosasa edulis地上部营养元素质量分数及分配特性，为黄甜竹林地土壤养分管理和资源开发利用提供依据。 方法 采用全收获法计算生物量，测定不同年龄(1－3 a)和不同地上部位(叶、枝、秆)的植株样品中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)等9种营养元素。 结果 ①黄甜竹地上部营养元素质量分数最高为叶(48.73 g·kg−1)，其次为枝(17.61 g·kg−1)，秆中最低(16.30 g·kg−1)；叶中各营养元素从高到低依次为N、K、Ca、Mg、P、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu，枝中为N、K、Ca、P、Mn、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu，秆中为N、K、P、Ca、Mg、P、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu。各部位营养元素质量分数受竹龄影响不同，其中枝受竹龄影响最大，秆次之，叶最小。②营养元素积累量秆中最大(687.38 kg·hm−2)，其次是叶(333.01 kg·hm−2)，枝中最小(166.29 kg·hm−2)。不同营养元素的积累量从大到小依次为N、K、Ca、P、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu。③不同部位营养元素分配率不同，总体表现为秆中最高(57.92%)，其次是叶(28.06%)，枝中最低(14.01%)。黄甜竹中N元素积累量最高，表明黄甜竹有较强的氮吸收能力，生产上要适时补充氮肥。竹叶中营养元素全面，有较高的开发利用价值。图1表3参29 Abstract:Objective With an investigation of the content and distribution characteristics of the main nutrient elements in the aboveground parts of Acidosasa edulis of different ages located in the southwest of Zhejiang Province, this study is aimed to provide a scientific basis for the management and exploitation of soil nutrients, as well as the rational utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens resources. Method Total harvest method was employed to estimate the biomass, and the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in plant samples of different ages (1−3 a) in different parts (leaves, branches and culms). Result a) In the aboveground parts of A. edulis, the total contents of the nine nutrient elements were as follows: leaf (48.73 g·kg−1), branch (17.61 g·kg−1) and culm (16.30 g·kg−1); whereas the contents of nutrient elements in leaves, branches and culms were as follows: N, K, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in leaf; N, K, Ca, P, Mn, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu in branch; N, K, P, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in culm. b) The contents of nutrient elements in different parts were affected differently by the bamboo age which means that branches were most affected, culms were the second, and leaves were the least affected. c) The accumulation of the nine kinds of nutrient elements in culms was the highest (687.38 kg •hm−2), followed by that of the leaves (333.01 kg·hm−2), and the branches (166.29 kg·hm−2). d) The accumulation of different nutrient elements in A. edulis is as follows: N, K, Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. e) The distribution rate of nutrient elements was different in leaves, branches and culms with the total distribution rate as follows: culm (57.92%), leaf (28.06%) and branch (14.01%). Conclusion The accumulation of N is the highest, indicating that A. edulis has strong nitrogen absorption capacity. Thus, extra attention should be paid to the timely supplement of nitrogen fertilizer to ensure a better production. Also, the leaves of A. edulis have high utilization value because of their comprehensive nutrient elements for human health, thus highly exploitable. [Ch, 1 fig. 3 tab. 29 ref.] -
Key words:
- Acidosasa edulis /
- nutrient elements /
- accumulation /
- distribution
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图 1 黄甜竹营养元素在各部位中的分配
Figure 1 Distribution of nutrient elements in aboveground parts of A. edulis
表 1 黄甜竹标准株生物量
Table 1. Biomass of A. edulis standard plant
竹龄 秆/(g·株−1) 枝/(g·株−1) 叶/(g·株−1) 合计/(g·株−1) 1年生 3 866.67±359.49 bA 806.67±70.24 bB 410.00±26.46 cC 5 086.67 2年生 3 923.33±101.16 bA 916.67±40.41 abB 600.00±45.83 bC 5 440.00 3年生 4 533.33±446.58 aA 1 116.67±140.12 aB 973.33±45.09 aB 6 623.33 平均 4 107.78 946.67 661.11 5 716.67 说明：小写字母表示不同年龄间差异显著(P＜0.05)，大写字母表示不同部位间差异显著(P＜0.05) 
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表 2 不同年龄黄甜竹各部位营养元素质量分数分析
Table 2. Nutrient content in different parts of A. edulis with different bamboo ages
部位 年龄 N/(g·kg−1) P/(g·kg−1) K/(g·kg−1) Ca/(g·kg−1) Mg/(g·kg−1) 叶 1年生 31.45±2.76 aA 1.14±0.03 aA 7.81±0.39 aA 5.40±1.01 bA 1.65±0.06 aA 2年生 30.2±3.57 aA 1.21±0.08 aA 7.33±0.24 aA 6.26±0.91 abA 1.39±0.23 aA 3年生 31.94±1.77 aA 1.18±0.27 aA 7.34±0.80 aA 8.00±1.42 aA 1.51±0.32 aA 平均 31.20±1.53 A 1.18±0.07 A 7.49±0.06 A 6.55±0.53 A 1.52±0.17 A 枝 1年生 15.88±1.48 aB 0.58±0.08 aB 4.42±0.24 aB 0.67±0.18 aB 0.26±0.01 aB 2年生 13.7±0.32 bB 0.47±0.13 aC 2.37±0.17 bC 0.49±0.10 aB 0.10±0.03 bB 3年生 10.56±1.09 cB 0.22±0.04 bC 1.47±0.07 cC 0.68±0.15 aB 0.11±0.05 bB 平均 13.38±0.52 B 0.42±0.06 C 2.75±0.13 C 0.61±0.07 B 0.16±0.02 B 秆 1年生 9.52±1.79 aC 0.54±0.11 aB 6.3±0.53 aA 0.26±0.02 bB 0.18±0.01 bB 2年生 9.33±1.21 aC 0.79±0.28 aB 4.03±0.32 bB 0.47±0.10 bB 0.21±0.04 abB 3年生 10.79±0.84 aC 0.61±0.12 aB 3.48±0.37 bB 1.13±0.52 aB 0.40±0.16 aB 平均 9.88±1.17 C 0.65±0.17 B 4.60±0.18 B 0.62±0.15 B 0.27±0.06 B 部位 年龄 Fe/(mg·kg−1) Mn/(mg·kg−1) Cu/(mg·kg−1) Zn/(mg·kg−1) 叶 1年生 282.01±24.01 aA 551.68±53.53 aA 7.22±0.36 aA 38.65±7.87 aA 2年生 177.98±30.25 bA 519.09±53.53 aA 6.43±0.33 bA 35.16±6.50 aA 3年生 152.25±10.06 bA 567.65±34.83 aA 5.72±0.18 bA 38.00±8.42 aB 平均 204.08±21.44 A 546.14±47.30 A 6.46±0.29 A 37.27±7.6 A 枝 1年生 39.45±10.03 bC 165.74±50.11 aB 3.98±1.13 aB 25.31±2.75 bB 2年生 38.02±6.89 bC 166.21±89.96 aB 2.86±0.32 abB 23.07±4.33 bB 3年生 121.13±38.06 aA 228.66±111.23 aB 2.10±0.08 bB 36.88±3.33 aB 平均 66.20±18.33B 186.87±83.76B 2.98±0.51 B 28.42±3.47 B 秆 1年生 88.13±20.34 aB 46.39±12.99 bC 2.37±0.15 aC 29.86±5.76 aB 2年生 95.86±19.35 aB 124.3±34.72 abB 2.36±0.38 aB 33.67±6.68 aA 3年生 79.34±6.61 aB 301.28±79.33 aB 1.79±0.26 aB 49.11±7.58 aA 平均 87.78±15.43 B 157.32±42.34 B 2.17±0.27 B 37.55±6.67 A 说明：小写字母表示不同年龄间差异显著(P＜0.05)，大写字母表示不同部位间差异显著(P＜0.05)
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表 3 黄甜竹不同部位各营养元素的积累量
Table 3. Accumulation of nutrient elements in different parts of A. edulis
部位 N/
(kg·hm−2)P/
(kg·hm−2)K/
(kg·hm−2)Ca/
(kg·hm−2)Mg/
(kg·hm−2)Cu/
(kg·hm−2)Zn/
(kg·hm−2)Fe/
(kg·hm−2)Mn/
(kg·hm−2)合计/
(kg·hm−2)叶 212.18 8.00 50.37 47.00 10.19 0.04 0.25 1.27 3.72 333.01 枝 126.98 3.90 25.22 5.87 1.47 0.03 0.28 0.69 1.85 166.29 秆 417.91 27.21 191.10 27.34 11.50 0.09 1.61 3.68 6.95 687.38 合计 757.06 39.11 266.69 80.21 23.16 0.16 2.14 5.63 12.52 1 186.69
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