Soil quality assessment of different land use types in Qingshui River Basin of western Shanxi Province
-
摘要:
目的 探索和评价黄土高原残塬沟壑区清水河流域不同土地利用方式下的土壤质量,并量化其与环境因子的关系。 方法 以该流域4种典型的立地类型(农地、林地、果园、灌草地)为研究对象,基于土壤容重、土壤机械组成、土壤养分(有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾)质量分数等9种土壤理化性质指标,采用主成分分析和相关性建立最小数据集(MDS),并根据加权求和指数法计算不同土地利用类型的土壤质量。 结果 ①清水河流域内林地各土层的有机质、全氮质量分数在4种立地类型中均为最高;在0~20 cm土层,农地的容重和全磷质量分数显著高于其他立地类型(P<0.05);在0~20 cm土层,林地的速效钾质量分数显著高于其他3种土地利用类型(P<0.05);各土地利用类型间的pH无显著差异;有机质质量分数均随土壤深度的增加逐渐降低,且与全氮表现出显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。②土壤质量指数评价的最小数据集包括土壤容重、砂粒体积百分比以及速效钾质量分数。4种土地利用类型间的土壤质量从高到低依次为林地、灌草地、农地、果园,土壤质量指数随海拔的升高而升高。 结论 清水河流域土壤质量整体状况较好,林地和灌草地土壤质量较高,而农地和果园土壤质量相对较低。图4表2参34 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore and evaluate the soil quality under different land use types in Qingshui River Basin in gully regions of the Loess Plateau, and quantify its relationship with environmental factors. Method Taking 4 typical site types (agricultural land, forest land, orchard, and irrigated grassland) in the basin as the study site, and based on 9 soil physical and chemical property indicators including soil bulk density, soil mechanical composition, soil nutrient content (organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium), principal component analysis and correlation were used to establish a minimum data set (MDS), and the soil quality of different land use types was calculated according to the weighted summation index method. Result (1) The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen of each soil layer in the forest land were the highest among the 4 site types. In 0−20 cm soil layer, the bulk density and total phosphorus content of agricultural land were significantly higher than those of other land types (P<0.05). In 0−20 cm soil layer, the available potassium content in forest land was significantly higher than that in other 3 land use types (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pH among different land use types. The content of organic matter decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth and showed a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen (P<0.05). (2) MDS for soil quality index evaluation included bulk density, sand percentage and available potassium content. The soil quality of the 4 land use types from high to low was forest land, irrigated grassland, agricultural land, and orchard. The soil quality index increased with the increase of altitude. Conclusion The overall soil quality of Qingshui River Basin is good, and the soil quality of forest land and irrigated grassland is high, while the soil quality of agricultural land and orchard is relatively low. [Ch, 4 fig. 2 tab. 34 ref.] -
表 1 土壤指标在各主成分上的旋转因子载荷
Table 1. Rotation factor load of soil index on each principal component
指标 主成分 指标 主成分 1 2 3 1 2 3 土壤容重 0.07 0.51 0.16 黏粒体积百分比 0.49 0.09 −0.10 有机质质量分数 0.07 −0.53 0.16 粉粒体积百分比 0.47 −0.11 −0.21 pH 0.31 −0.27 0.18 砂粒体积百分比 −0.51 0.05 0.19 全氮质量分数 −0.25 −0.34 0.28 特征值 1.85 1.52 1.05 全磷质量分数 −0.30 0.16 −0.36 贡献率 0.38 0.21 0.12 速效钾质量分数 −0.17 0.03 −0.81 累计贡献率 0.38 0.60 0.71 表 2 土壤质量指标权重因子和标准化方程
Table 2. Weight factors and standardization equations of soil quality index
指标 权重因子 加权因子 标准化方程 砂粒体积百分比 0.38 0.54 S1=1/[1+(x/22.42)2.5] 土壤容重 0.22 0.31 S2=1/[1+(x/1.13)2.5] 速效钾质量分数 0.11 0.15 S3=1/[1+(x/19.58)-2.5] 说明:x表示主成分分析筛选出的土壤指标值 -
[1] 彭文英, 张科利, 陈瑶, 等. 黄土坡耕地退耕还林后土壤性质变化研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2005, 20(2): 272 − 278. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2005.02.016 PENG Wenying, ZHANG Keli, CHEN Yao, et al. Research on soil quality change after returning farmland to forest on the Loess Sloping Croplands [J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(2): 272 − 278. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2005.02.016 [2] 田宁宁, 张建军, 李玉婷, 等. 晋西黄土区退耕还林地涵养水源和保育土壤功能评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(5): 124 − 129. TIAN Ningning, ZHANG Jianjun, LI Yuting, et al. Functional assessment of soil and water conservation under conversion of cropland to forest in Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(5): 124 − 129. [3] WEI Xi, BI Huaxing, LIANG Wenjun, et al. Relationship between soil characteristics and stand structure of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. mixed plantations in the Caijiachuan Watershed: an application of structural equation modeling[J/OL]. Forests, 2018, 9(3): 124[2022-06-20]. doi: 10.3390/f9030124. [4] 张晓霞, 杨宗儒, 查同刚, 等. 晋西黄土区退耕还林22年后林地土壤物理性质的变化[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(2): 416 − 424. ZHANG Xiaoxia, YANG Zongru, ZHA Tonggang, et al. Changes in the physical properties of soil in forestlands after 22 years under the influence of the Conversion of Cropland into Farmland Project in Loess region, Western Shanxi Province [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(2): 416 − 424. [5] 王璇, 安娟. 沂蒙山区不同土地利用方式对土壤质量的影响[J]. 鲁东大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 36(2): 168 − 175. WANG Xuan, AN Juan. Effects of different land use patterns on soil quality in Yimeng mountain area [J]. Journal of Ludong University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 36(2): 168 − 175. [6] 刘占锋, 傅伯杰, 刘国华, 等. 土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(3): 901 − 913. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.03.036 LIU Zhanfeng, FU Bojie, LIU Guohua, et al. Soil quality: concept, indicators and its assessment [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(3): 901 − 913. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2006.03.036 [7] 胡江玲, 张高, 赵枫, 等. 新疆精河流域不同土地利用方式对土壤质量的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2010, 17(4): 92 − 95, 99. HU Jiangling, ZHANG Gao, ZHAO Feng, et al. Effects of land use on soil quality in Jinghe Basin of Xinjiang [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 17(4): 92 − 95, 99. [8] 王莉, 张强, 牛西午, 等. 黄土高原丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2007, 15(4): 53 − 56. WANG Li, ZHANG Qiang, NIU Xiwu, et al. Effects of different land-uses on soil physical and chemical properties in the Loess Plateau of Shanxi Province [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2007, 15(4): 53 − 56. [9] 杨亚辉, 赵文慧, 木热提江·阿不拉, 等. 不同植被对土壤理化性质影响——以王东沟小流域为例[J]. 水土保持通报, 2016, 36(1): 249 − 252. YANG Yahui, ZHAO Wenhui, Abla Mureat, et al. Impacts of vegetation cover on soil physic-chemical properties: a case study in Wangdonggou Watershed [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 36(1): 249 − 252. [10] 刘春利, 邵明安. 黄土高原六道沟流域不同土地利用方式下土壤水力特性及其对土壤水分的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(11): 2400 − 2407. LIU Chunli, SHAO Mingan. Soil hydraulic properties and their influences on soil water content under different land uses in Liudaogou watershed of Loess Plateau [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(11): 2400 − 2407. [11] 王凯博, 时伟宇, 上官周平. 黄土丘陵区天然和人工植被类型对土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(15): 80 − 86. WANG Kaibo, SHI Weiyu, SHANGGUAN Zhouping. Effects of natural and artificial vegetation types on soil properties in Loess Hilly region [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(15): 80 − 86. [12] 吕春花, 郑粉莉. 黄土高原子午岭地区植被恢复过程中的土壤质量评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2009, 7(3): 12 − 18, 29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2009.03.003 LÜ Chunhua, ZHENG Fenli. Evaluation of soil quality during vegetation restoration in the Ziwuling Area of Loess Plateau [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 7(3): 12 − 18, 29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2009.03.003 [13] 白文娟, 郑粉莉, 董莉丽, 等. 黄土高原地区水蚀风蚀交错带土壤质量综合评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2010, 8(3): 28 − 37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2010.03.005 BAI Wenjuan, ZHENG Fenli, DONG Lili, et al. Integrated assessment on soil quality in the water-wind erosion region of the Loess Plateau area [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 8(3): 28 − 37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3007.2010.03.005 [14] 邱莉萍. 黄土高原植被恢复生态系统土壤质量变化及调控措施[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2007. QIU Liping. Change of Soil Quality and Its Regulation in Re-vgetation Ecosystem of the Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2007. [15] 佘雕. 黄土高原水土保持型灌木林地土壤质量特征及评价[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2010. SHE Diao. The Characteristics and Assessment on Soil Quality of Shrub Lands in Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2010. [16] 李晓萍, 梁哲军, 杨志国, 等. 土壤有机质测定方法的改进与探索[J]. 现代农业科技, 2021(20): 155 − 157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2021.20.061 LI Xiaoping, LIANG Zhejun, YANG Zhiguo, et al. Improvement and exploration of soil organic matter determination method [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021(20): 155 − 157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2021.20.061 [17] 汪欣, 向兆, 李策, 等. 全自动凯氏定氮仪测定土壤全氮含量方法的优化探索[J]. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 51(3): 438 − 440, 446. WANG Xin, XIANG Zhao, LI Ce, et al. Optimization of the method for determination of total nitrogen in soil by automatic Kjeldahl Apparatus [J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 51(3): 438 − 440, 446. [18] 向晓黎, 马小宁, 魏向利, 等. 土壤全磷测定方法要点分析[J]. 农业灾害研究, 2015, 5(5): 30 − 31. XIANG Xiaoli, MA Xiaoning, WEI Xiangli, et al. Analysis of essentials for the determination of soil total phosphorus [J]. Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology, 2015, 5(5): 30 − 31. [19] 刘鑫, 王一博, 吕明侠, 等. 基于主成分分析的青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地土壤质量评价[J]. 冰川冻土, 2018, 40(3): 469 − 479. LIU Xin, WANG Yibo, LÜ Mingxia, et al. Soil quality assessment of alpine grassland in permafrost regions of Tibetan Plateau based on principal component analysis [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2018, 40(3): 469 − 479. [20] GUO Linlin, SUN Zhigang, OUYANG Zhu, et al. A comparison of soil quality evaluation methods for Fluvisol along the lower Yellow River [J]. Catena, 2017, 152: 135 − 143. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2017.01.015 [21] 李鹏飞, 张兴昌, 郝明德, 等. 基于最小数据集的黄土高原矿区复垦土壤质量评价[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(16): 265 − 273. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.16.030 LI Pengfei, ZHANG Xingchang, HAO Mingde, et al. Soil quality evaluation for reclamation of mining area on Loess Plateau based on minimum data set [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(16): 265 − 273. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.16.030 [22] 金慧芳, 史东梅, 陈正发, 等. 基于聚类及PCA分析的红壤坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价指标[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(7): 155 − 164. JIN Huifang, SHI Dongmei, CHEN Zhengfa, et al. Evaluation indicators of cultivated layer soil quality for red soil slope farmland based on cluster and PCA analysis [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(7): 155 − 164. [23] 胡玉福, 彭佳佳, 邓良基, 等. 围栏种植红柳对川西北高寒沙地土壤颗粒组成和矿质养分的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2015, 46(1): 54 − 61. HU Yufu, PENG Jiajia, DENG Liangji, et al. Influences of fencing and planting branchy tamarisk on soil particles composition and mineral nutrients in desertization land in northwestern Sichuan Province [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2015, 46(1): 54 − 61. [24] 侯春兰, 杨瑞, 杨宝勇, 等. 贵州威宁草海不同土地利用类型土壤理化性质研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2020(5): 138 − 143. HOU Chunlan, YANG Rui, YANG Baoyong, et al. Study on physiochemical properties of soil of different land use types in Caohai, Weining of Guizhou Province [J]. Forest Resources Management, 2020(5): 138 − 143. [25] 徐海军, 姚琴, 王晓飞, 等. 大庆不同土地利用下土壤理化性质及肥力变化[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(35): 55 − 63. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000713 XU Haijun, YAO Qin, WANG Xiaofei, et al. Soil physical and chemical properties and fertility under different land use patterns in Daqing [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(35): 55 − 63. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000713 [26] 李庆梅, 侯龙鱼, 刘艳, 等. 黄河三角洲盐碱地不同利用方式土壤理化性质[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2009, 17(6): 1132 − 1136. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2009.01132 LI Qingmei, HOU Longyu, LIU Yan, et al. Properties of saline-alkaline soil under different land use types in Yellow River Delta [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2009, 17(6): 1132 − 1136. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2009.01132 [27] 刘梦云, 安韶山, 常庆瑞. 不同土地利用方式下土壤化学性质特征研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 33(1): 39 − 42. LIU Mengyun, AN Shaoshan, CHANG Qingrui. Features of soil chemical property under different land use [J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 33(1): 39 − 42. [28] 杨丹丽, 喻阳华, 钟欣平, 等. 干热河谷石漠化区不同土地利用类型的土壤质量评价[J]. 西南农业学报, 2018, 31(6): 1234 − 1240. YANG Danli, YU Yanghua, ZHONG Xinping, et al. Soil quality assessment of different land use patterns in dry-hot valley rocky desertification region [J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 31(6): 1234 − 1240. [29] KARLEN D L, DITZLER C A, ANDREWS S S, et al. Soil quality: why and how? [J]. Geoderma, 2003, 114(3/4): 145 − 156. [30] ANDREWS S S, CARROLL C R. Designing a soil quality assessment tool for sustainable agroecosystem management [J]. Ecological Applications, 2001, 11(6): 1573 − 1585. doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1573:DASQAT]2.0.CO;2 [31] 陈正发, 史东梅, 金慧芳, 等. 基于土壤管理评估框架的云南坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(3): 256 − 267. CHEN Zhengfa, SHI Dongmei, JIN Huifang, et al. Quality evaluation of cultivated-layer soil quality on sloping farmland in Yunnan based on soil management assessment framework (SMAF) [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(3): 256 − 267. [32] 王文武, 朱万泽, 李霞, 等. 基于最小数据集的大渡河干暖河谷典型植被土壤质量评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(6): 54 − 59. WANG Wenwu, ZHU Wanze, LI Xia, et al. Soil quality assessment of typical vegetation in dry and warm valley of Dadu River based on minimum data set [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 19(6): 54 − 59. [33] 贺燕. 祁连山区中西部土壤质量及侵蚀特征研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2020. HE Yan. Study on Soil Quality and Soil Erosion Characteristics in Middle-Western Qilian Mountains[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2020. [34] ZHANG Hengshuo, YU Yang, ZHA Tonggang, et al. Assessing previous land-vegetation productivity relationships on mountainous areas hosting coming Winter Olympics Games in 2022[J/OL]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 788: 147870[2022-06-13]. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147870. -
-
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220498

计量
- 文章访问数: 48
- 被引次数: 0