Soil quality assessment of different land use types in Qingshui River Basin of western Shanxi Province
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摘要:
目的 探索和评价黄土高原残塬沟壑区清水河流域不同土地利用方式下的土壤质量，并量化其与环境因子的关系。 方法 以该流域4种典型的立地类型(农地、林地、果园、灌草地)为研究对象，基于土壤容重、土壤机械组成、土壤养分(有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾)质量分数等9种土壤理化性质指标，采用主成分分析和相关性建立最小数据集(MDS)，并根据加权求和指数法计算不同土地利用类型的土壤质量。 结果 ①清水河流域内林地各土层的有机质、全氮质量分数在4种立地类型中均为最高；在0~20 cm土层，农地的容重和全磷质量分数显著高于其他立地类型(P＜0.05)；在0~20 cm土层，林地的速效钾质量分数显著高于其他3种土地利用类型(P＜0.05)；各土地利用类型间的pH无显著差异；有机质质量分数均随土壤深度的增加逐渐降低，且与全氮表现出显著正相关关系(P＜0.05)。②土壤质量指数评价的最小数据集包括土壤容重、砂粒体积百分比以及速效钾质量分数。4种土地利用类型间的土壤质量从高到低依次为林地、灌草地、农地、果园，土壤质量指数随海拔的升高而升高。 结论 清水河流域土壤质量整体状况较好，林地和灌草地土壤质量较高，而农地和果园土壤质量相对较低。图4表2参34 Abstract:Objective This study aims to explore and evaluate the soil quality under different land use types in Qingshui River Basin in gully regions of the Loess Plateau, and quantify its relationship with environmental factors. Method Taking 4 typical site types (agricultural land, forest land, orchard, and irrigated grassland) in the basin as the study site, and based on 9 soil physical and chemical property indicators including soil bulk density, soil mechanical composition, soil nutrient content (organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium), principal component analysis and correlation were used to establish a minimum data set (MDS), and the soil quality of different land use types was calculated according to the weighted summation index method. Result (1) The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen of each soil layer in the forest land were the highest among the 4 site types. In 0−20 cm soil layer, the bulk density and total phosphorus content of agricultural land were significantly higher than those of other land types (P＜0.05). In 0−20 cm soil layer, the available potassium content in forest land was significantly higher than that in other 3 land use types (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in pH among different land use types. The content of organic matter decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth and showed a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen (P＜0.05). (2) MDS for soil quality index evaluation included bulk density, sand percentage and available potassium content. The soil quality of the 4 land use types from high to low was forest land, irrigated grassland, agricultural land, and orchard. The soil quality index increased with the increase of altitude. Conclusion The overall soil quality of Qingshui River Basin is good, and the soil quality of forest land and irrigated grassland is high, while the soil quality of agricultural land and orchard is relatively low. [Ch, 4 fig. 2 tab. 34 ref.] -
图 1 不同土地利用类型的土壤理化性质
Figure 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil in different land use types
图 2 不同土地利用类型机械组成的变化
Figure 2 Changes in mechanical composition of different land use types
图 3 土壤质量评价指标相关系数矩阵
Figure 3 Correlation coefficient matrix of soil quality evaluation index
图 4 不同土地利用类型土壤质量指数对比
Figure 4 Comparison of soil quality indexes of different land use types
表 1 土壤指标在各主成分上的旋转因子载荷
Table 1. Rotation factor load of soil index on each principal component
指标 主成分 指标 主成分 1 2 3 1 2 3 土壤容重 0.07 0.51 0.16 黏粒体积百分比 0.49 0.09 −0.10 有机质质量分数 0.07 −0.53 0.16 粉粒体积百分比 0.47 −0.11 −0.21 pH 0.31 −0.27 0.18 砂粒体积百分比 −0.51 0.05 0.19 全氮质量分数 −0.25 −0.34 0.28 特征值 1.85 1.52 1.05 全磷质量分数 −0.30 0.16 −0.36 贡献率 0.38 0.21 0.12 速效钾质量分数 −0.17 0.03 −0.81 累计贡献率 0.38 0.60 0.71 
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表 2 土壤质量指标权重因子和标准化方程
Table 2. Weight factors and standardization equations of soil quality index
指标 权重因子 加权因子 标准化方程 砂粒体积百分比 0.38 0.54 S1=1/[1+(x/22.42)2.5] 土壤容重 0.22 0.31 S2=1/[1+(x/1.13)2.5] 速效钾质量分数 0.11 0.15 S3=1/[1+(x/19.58)－2.5] 说明：x表示主成分分析筛选出的土壤指标值
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