2010 Vol. 27, No. 1
2010, 27(1): 1-7.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.001
Abstract:
Phyllostachys praecox，a favorite bamboo species with high economic value from its edible shoots，has often been intensively managed resulting in great gains for the farmers，yet compared to traditional management there is a serious bamboo degradation problem. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of long-term intensive management on soil microbial biomass in P. praecox stands. A field survey was conducted with soil samples taken from 5-，10-，and 15-year old intensively managed bamboo stands in Hengfan and Xitianmu Towns，along with new，1-year-old stands on converted paddy fields （control）. Results indicated that，after long term intensive management，total organic carbon （TOC），total N（TN），available N，total phosphorus（TP），and available P in soils（0 - 20 cm） significantly increased（P＜0.05），whereas pH significantly decreased（P＜0.05） with prolonged plantation times. Compared to the control，soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and microbial biomass nitrogen（MBN） significantly decreased（P＜0.05），and the ratios of MBC/TOC and MBN/TN also decreased from 1 to 15 years. Microbial biomass phosphorus（MBP） increased in the first 5 years after the paddy fields converted to P. praecox stands，but with no significant difference，and then decreased gradually with the ratio of MBP/TP from 1 to 15 years gradually decreasing with progressively older plantations. This study showed that long-term fertilization and winter mulch restrained soil microbial activity，decreased soil biological properties，and led to early degradation of P. praecox stands.［Ch，4 tab. 22 ref.］
Phyllostachys praecox，a favorite bamboo species with high economic value from its edible shoots，has often been intensively managed resulting in great gains for the farmers，yet compared to traditional management there is a serious bamboo degradation problem. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of long-term intensive management on soil microbial biomass in P. praecox stands. A field survey was conducted with soil samples taken from 5-，10-，and 15-year old intensively managed bamboo stands in Hengfan and Xitianmu Towns，along with new，1-year-old stands on converted paddy fields （control）. Results indicated that，after long term intensive management，total organic carbon （TOC），total N（TN），available N，total phosphorus（TP），and available P in soils（0 - 20 cm） significantly increased（P＜0.05），whereas pH significantly decreased（P＜0.05） with prolonged plantation times. Compared to the control，soil microbial biomass carbon（MBC） and microbial biomass nitrogen（MBN） significantly decreased（P＜0.05），and the ratios of MBC/TOC and MBN/TN also decreased from 1 to 15 years. Microbial biomass phosphorus（MBP） increased in the first 5 years after the paddy fields converted to P. praecox stands，but with no significant difference，and then decreased gradually with the ratio of MBP/TP from 1 to 15 years gradually decreasing with progressively older plantations. This study showed that long-term fertilization and winter mulch restrained soil microbial activity，decreased soil biological properties，and led to early degradation of P. praecox stands.［Ch，4 tab. 22 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 8-14.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.002
Abstract:
Soil zinc（Zn） availability varies very greatly among different soils. Adsorption-desorption characteristics of six typical cropland soils from northwest（Loess soil，calcareous cinnamon soil，and Lou soil） and southeast（red calcareous soil，red soil，and blue-purple soil） China were studied. Results showed that Zn adsorbed by soils increased with initial concentrations of Zinc added（from 0 - 149 mgL-1 solutions） and that the soil Zn desorption rate increased with the soil adsorbed Zn. Isothermal curves of Zn adsorption from these six soils fit well to Langmuir，Freundlich，and Temkin equations with all the coefficients，except the blue-purple paddy soil，being＞0.9. Soil organic matter content contributed the most to soil Zn adsorption，so regardless soil pH，maximum Zn adsorbed by soils from southeast China was greater than from the northwest. Blue-purple paddy soil had the greatest maximum Zn adsorbed（3 333 mgkg-1）and Loess soil the least（909 mgkg-1）. Regardless of soil site locations，for all the calcareous soils，the maximum soil buffering capacity，the intensity of soil Zn adsorption，and the amount of soil fixed Zn were greater than for acid soils. Due to its high organic content and CEC，red calcareous soil showed greater maximum buffering capacity（294 mgkg-1） and maximum amount of soil Zn fixed（135 mgkg-1） than the calcareous soils collected from northwest China. ［Ch，2 fig. 2 tab. 23 ref.］
Soil zinc（Zn） availability varies very greatly among different soils. Adsorption-desorption characteristics of six typical cropland soils from northwest（Loess soil，calcareous cinnamon soil，and Lou soil） and southeast（red calcareous soil，red soil，and blue-purple soil） China were studied. Results showed that Zn adsorbed by soils increased with initial concentrations of Zinc added（from 0 - 149 mgL-1 solutions） and that the soil Zn desorption rate increased with the soil adsorbed Zn. Isothermal curves of Zn adsorption from these six soils fit well to Langmuir，Freundlich，and Temkin equations with all the coefficients，except the blue-purple paddy soil，being＞0.9. Soil organic matter content contributed the most to soil Zn adsorption，so regardless soil pH，maximum Zn adsorbed by soils from southeast China was greater than from the northwest. Blue-purple paddy soil had the greatest maximum Zn adsorbed（3 333 mgkg-1）and Loess soil the least（909 mgkg-1）. Regardless of soil site locations，for all the calcareous soils，the maximum soil buffering capacity，the intensity of soil Zn adsorption，and the amount of soil fixed Zn were greater than for acid soils. Due to its high organic content and CEC，red calcareous soil showed greater maximum buffering capacity（294 mgkg-1） and maximum amount of soil Zn fixed（135 mgkg-1） than the calcareous soils collected from northwest China. ［Ch，2 fig. 2 tab. 23 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 15-21.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.003
Abstract:
A principal component analysis of 14 factors including the stand structure and bamboo shoot number in multiple plots was conducted to establish an assessment system of degradation degree of Phyllostachys praecox covered with organic materials. The 15 experiment points were set in P. praecox cultivation region of Linan City. The results indicated that the age structure，average diameter of breast height （DBH） and bamboo shoot output were important indexes in assessing the degradation degree of P. praecox. The test area were classified into six grades and four categories in terms of the degradation degree of P. praecox，namely，heavy degradation （grade Ⅰ），medium degradation （grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ），slight degradation（grade Ⅳ，Ⅴ） and normal（Ⅵ）. Percentage of the four categories was 13.34%，26.66%，46.67% and 13.33% respectively. P. praecox covered with organic materials would lead to improper age structure，decrease in DBH，uniformity and evenness，degradation of forest and decreased bamboo shoot yield. ［Ch，5 tab. 20 ref.］
A principal component analysis of 14 factors including the stand structure and bamboo shoot number in multiple plots was conducted to establish an assessment system of degradation degree of Phyllostachys praecox covered with organic materials. The 15 experiment points were set in P. praecox cultivation region of Linan City. The results indicated that the age structure，average diameter of breast height （DBH） and bamboo shoot output were important indexes in assessing the degradation degree of P. praecox. The test area were classified into six grades and four categories in terms of the degradation degree of P. praecox，namely，heavy degradation （grade Ⅰ），medium degradation （grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ），slight degradation（grade Ⅳ，Ⅴ） and normal（Ⅵ）. Percentage of the four categories was 13.34%，26.66%，46.67% and 13.33% respectively. P. praecox covered with organic materials would lead to improper age structure，decrease in DBH，uniformity and evenness，degradation of forest and decreased bamboo shoot yield. ［Ch，5 tab. 20 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 22-29.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.004
Abstract:
To enrich edible cultivars of chrysanthemum（Dendranthema grandiflorum），nutritional composition of 20 cultivars was studied. Content of soluble sugars，soluble proteins，water，vitamin C，organic acid，coarse fiber，15 types of amino acids，and six types of mineral elements was determined in inflorescences of 17 ornamental cultivars and three commercially edible cultivars consisting of mid-sized flowers with a large number of florets per inflorescence. A principle component analysis was used to evaluate nutritional quality. Essential amino acids for humans（7 types），medical amino acids （8 types），and aroma-improving amino acids （4 types） were detected in the 20 cultivars with a range of content for soluble sugars of 47.7 － 84.4 gkg－1，soluble proteins of 4.3 － 14.4 gkg－1，vitamin C of 0.178 5 － 0.678 8 gkg－1，water of 83.72% － 91.02%，coarse fiber of 7.5 － 34.1 gkg－1，and organic acid of 0.7 － 4.4 gkg－1. Also found were zinc at 18 － 74 mgkg－1，iron at 118 － 1 144 mgkg－1，magnesium at 1.3 － 2.0 gkg－1，calcium at 2.5 － 6.8 gkg－1，sodium at 58 － 322 mgkg－1，and potassium at 20.1 － 42.7 gkg－1. For nutritional quality among the three commercial edible cultivars（BaohuatangyijingZifengmudanJingxingjiuying）， Jinxingjiuyin was significantly greater（P＜0.05） than the others. However，Xiangbinzi，an ornamental cultivar，had higher nutritional quality than Jinxingjiuyin；other ornamental cultivars，namelyDF-6 and Qiuyun also exhibited good nutritional quality. These ornamental cultivars are promising edible chrysanthemum cultivars.［Ch，6 tab. 16 ref.］
To enrich edible cultivars of chrysanthemum（Dendranthema grandiflorum），nutritional composition of 20 cultivars was studied. Content of soluble sugars，soluble proteins，water，vitamin C，organic acid，coarse fiber，15 types of amino acids，and six types of mineral elements was determined in inflorescences of 17 ornamental cultivars and three commercially edible cultivars consisting of mid-sized flowers with a large number of florets per inflorescence. A principle component analysis was used to evaluate nutritional quality. Essential amino acids for humans（7 types），medical amino acids （8 types），and aroma-improving amino acids （4 types） were detected in the 20 cultivars with a range of content for soluble sugars of 47.7 － 84.4 gkg－1，soluble proteins of 4.3 － 14.4 gkg－1，vitamin C of 0.178 5 － 0.678 8 gkg－1，water of 83.72% － 91.02%，coarse fiber of 7.5 － 34.1 gkg－1，and organic acid of 0.7 － 4.4 gkg－1. Also found were zinc at 18 － 74 mgkg－1，iron at 118 － 1 144 mgkg－1，magnesium at 1.3 － 2.0 gkg－1，calcium at 2.5 － 6.8 gkg－1，sodium at 58 － 322 mgkg－1，and potassium at 20.1 － 42.7 gkg－1. For nutritional quality among the three commercial edible cultivars（BaohuatangyijingZifengmudanJingxingjiuying）， Jinxingjiuyin was significantly greater（P＜0.05） than the others. However，Xiangbinzi，an ornamental cultivar，had higher nutritional quality than Jinxingjiuyin；other ornamental cultivars，namelyDF-6 and Qiuyun also exhibited good nutritional quality. These ornamental cultivars are promising edible chrysanthemum cultivars.［Ch，6 tab. 16 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 30-35.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.005
Abstract:
Four indexes（diameter structure，spatial distribution pattern，mingling，and neighborhood comparison） were used to analyze the spatial structure and spatial distribution pattern of the Platycladus orientalis plantation in Ming Tombs Forest Farm. The results showed that：1） Diameter distribution of the P. orientalis plantation revealed truncated normal distribution. The quantity of grade I and II was about 82.6% of the total plants. 2） The P. orientalis population of the community revealed highly clumped pattern. The aggregation degree was decreasing with the diameter increasing. 3） The average mingling value of the whole stand was 0.15，which was at a low level. The P. orientalis population had the lower mingling value then other populations. The mingling values of the associated tree species presented almost moderate，intensity and high intensity. 4）The value of neighborhood comparison of the population of P. orientalis and most of the associated tree species presented almost inferiority and absolutely inferiority.［Ch，1 fig. 4 tab. 15 ref.］
Four indexes（diameter structure，spatial distribution pattern，mingling，and neighborhood comparison） were used to analyze the spatial structure and spatial distribution pattern of the Platycladus orientalis plantation in Ming Tombs Forest Farm. The results showed that：1） Diameter distribution of the P. orientalis plantation revealed truncated normal distribution. The quantity of grade I and II was about 82.6% of the total plants. 2） The P. orientalis population of the community revealed highly clumped pattern. The aggregation degree was decreasing with the diameter increasing. 3） The average mingling value of the whole stand was 0.15，which was at a low level. The P. orientalis population had the lower mingling value then other populations. The mingling values of the associated tree species presented almost moderate，intensity and high intensity. 4）The value of neighborhood comparison of the population of P. orientalis and most of the associated tree species presented almost inferiority and absolutely inferiority.［Ch，1 fig. 4 tab. 15 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 36-43.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.006
Abstract:
Forests，which have been strongly influenced during the process of urbanization，are an important component of the landscape. Yuhang District of Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province was selected as a case study to help understand the development of middle- and small-size towns in China. Remote sensing data from Landsat / MSS in 1978，Landsat / TM in 1990，and Landsat / ETM in 2003 of landscape pattern changes for forests in Yuhang District were studied using GIS and Fragstats software. Seven landscape types includes bamboo plantation，non-timber forest，coniferous forest，broad-leaved forest，building lot，farmland，waterbody. Results showed that human activities were the primary factors affecting forest landscape fragmentation and forest coverage. During the period of 1978 to 2003，landscape fragmentation changed from high to low and forest coverage went from low to high. Also，human activities had a strong influence on non-timber forest. The results suggested that human activities played an important role in structural changes of the suburban forest landscape. ［Ch，2 fig. 8 tab. 22 ref.］
Forests，which have been strongly influenced during the process of urbanization，are an important component of the landscape. Yuhang District of Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province was selected as a case study to help understand the development of middle- and small-size towns in China. Remote sensing data from Landsat / MSS in 1978，Landsat / TM in 1990，and Landsat / ETM in 2003 of landscape pattern changes for forests in Yuhang District were studied using GIS and Fragstats software. Seven landscape types includes bamboo plantation，non-timber forest，coniferous forest，broad-leaved forest，building lot，farmland，waterbody. Results showed that human activities were the primary factors affecting forest landscape fragmentation and forest coverage. During the period of 1978 to 2003，landscape fragmentation changed from high to low and forest coverage went from low to high. Also，human activities had a strong influence on non-timber forest. The results suggested that human activities played an important role in structural changes of the suburban forest landscape. ［Ch，2 fig. 8 tab. 22 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 44-50.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.007
Abstract:
Using analysis of variance，Ochiai and 2 2 contingency table，we analyzed quantitatively the interspecific associations of dominant species in several communities during the forest succession in Maolan National Nature Reserve，Guizhou Province． Through analyzing the association of species，we know that from shrub arbor stage to forest stage to climax stage，the interspecific association of community changes from no correlation to positive correlation to signification and this change reflects the process of species competition and differentiation. The species connection turns from minus and low correlation to positive and high correlation，and this laws of development reflects the transition of the dominant species interspecific associations from mutual independence and exclusion to mutual dependence by the complete competition during the forest succession from the shrub arbor stage to forest stage to the climax stage. We discussed the formative reasons of interspecific association and put forward a study way of the interspecific association in karst areas with high degree of heterogeneity and extreme fragility. ［Ch，6 tab. 14 ref.］
Using analysis of variance，Ochiai and 2 2 contingency table，we analyzed quantitatively the interspecific associations of dominant species in several communities during the forest succession in Maolan National Nature Reserve，Guizhou Province． Through analyzing the association of species，we know that from shrub arbor stage to forest stage to climax stage，the interspecific association of community changes from no correlation to positive correlation to signification and this change reflects the process of species competition and differentiation. The species connection turns from minus and low correlation to positive and high correlation，and this laws of development reflects the transition of the dominant species interspecific associations from mutual independence and exclusion to mutual dependence by the complete competition during the forest succession from the shrub arbor stage to forest stage to the climax stage. We discussed the formative reasons of interspecific association and put forward a study way of the interspecific association in karst areas with high degree of heterogeneity and extreme fragility. ［Ch，6 tab. 14 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 51-56.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.008
Abstract:
To study growth and influencing factors of Sabina vulgaris，habitat and growth conditions for regions of natural distribution in Inner Mongolia were surveyed，and the relationship between growth and ecological factors were analyzed with Grey System Theory. Results showed that （1） S. vulgaris could grow in arid and semiarid areas with an average annual temperature ＞ － 5.0 C，an extreme minimum temperature ＞ － 43.0 C，an extreme high temperature ＜ 38.6 C，and an average annual rainfall ＞ 180 mm. Also，the average annual shoot growth was between 7.7 and 14.6 cm. （2） According to Grey System Theory，the order of factors affecting S. vulgaris growth were： 10 C accumulated temperature ＞ annual precipitation ＞ extreme maximum temperature ＞ extreme minimum temperature ＞ annual evaporation ＞ altitude ＞ average annual temperature. So for afforestation through introduction and dissemination of S. vulgaris in arid areas，annual precipitation should be considered，but the heat factor should not be ignored，especially the 10 C accumulated temperature. ［Ch，2 fig. 2 tab. 14 ref.］
To study growth and influencing factors of Sabina vulgaris，habitat and growth conditions for regions of natural distribution in Inner Mongolia were surveyed，and the relationship between growth and ecological factors were analyzed with Grey System Theory. Results showed that （1） S. vulgaris could grow in arid and semiarid areas with an average annual temperature ＞ － 5.0 C，an extreme minimum temperature ＞ － 43.0 C，an extreme high temperature ＜ 38.6 C，and an average annual rainfall ＞ 180 mm. Also，the average annual shoot growth was between 7.7 and 14.6 cm. （2） According to Grey System Theory，the order of factors affecting S. vulgaris growth were： 10 C accumulated temperature ＞ annual precipitation ＞ extreme maximum temperature ＞ extreme minimum temperature ＞ annual evaporation ＞ altitude ＞ average annual temperature. So for afforestation through introduction and dissemination of S. vulgaris in arid areas，annual precipitation should be considered，but the heat factor should not be ignored，especially the 10 C accumulated temperature. ［Ch，2 fig. 2 tab. 14 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 57-62.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.009
Abstract:
Through pot experiment with single factor randomized block design，this paper studied the effect of fertilization in different times on canopy development and photosynthesis of Phyllostachys pubescens，the size，weight，and distribution of leaves as well as their photosynthetic characteristics from leaf-expansion to maturity were studied. Treatments were as follows：fertilization during leaf-expansion period，fertilization during green-leaf period，and no fertilizer（ck）. Results showed that individual leaf area，thousand-leaf weight，and leaf distribution were relatively stable with little influence from fertilization. Fertilization during leaf-expansion compared to the green leaf period significantly increased leaf number，leaf weight per plant，and leaf area index. Fertilization during leaf-expansion also significantly increased the total weight of leaves corresponding to each branch. The 14th to the 17th branches had the largest number of leaves in the canopy with fertilization increasing the weight of each branch but not changing the center of the canopy. After June when individual leaf area was stable，chlorophyll concentration（SPAD value） and the photosynthesis rate of the leaf per unit area during leaf-expansion were significantly higher than the green leaf period and ck. Thus，for production，the bamboo forest should be fertilized in the leaf-expansion period. ［Ch，6 fig. 1 tab. 16 ref.］
Through pot experiment with single factor randomized block design，this paper studied the effect of fertilization in different times on canopy development and photosynthesis of Phyllostachys pubescens，the size，weight，and distribution of leaves as well as their photosynthetic characteristics from leaf-expansion to maturity were studied. Treatments were as follows：fertilization during leaf-expansion period，fertilization during green-leaf period，and no fertilizer（ck）. Results showed that individual leaf area，thousand-leaf weight，and leaf distribution were relatively stable with little influence from fertilization. Fertilization during leaf-expansion compared to the green leaf period significantly increased leaf number，leaf weight per plant，and leaf area index. Fertilization during leaf-expansion also significantly increased the total weight of leaves corresponding to each branch. The 14th to the 17th branches had the largest number of leaves in the canopy with fertilization increasing the weight of each branch but not changing the center of the canopy. After June when individual leaf area was stable，chlorophyll concentration（SPAD value） and the photosynthesis rate of the leaf per unit area during leaf-expansion were significantly higher than the green leaf period and ck. Thus，for production，the bamboo forest should be fertilized in the leaf-expansion period. ［Ch，6 fig. 1 tab. 16 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 63-68.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.010
Abstract:
Growth and photosynthetic indices （seedling height，shoot biomass，root biomass，root length，chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，and stomatal conductance） from 1-year-old seedlings of six shrub willow clones （JW22-2，JW51-3，JW1065，JW2334，JW2345，JW2372） with different salt stresses were studied. A single factor design with salt stress treatments of 0，1.0，2.0，3.0 gL-1 and three replications was established and tested by solution culture. Results from the six willow clones indicated that 3.0 gL-1 salt concentration significantly inhibited（P＜0.05） root biomass and root length，whereas lower salt concentrations （1.0 and 2.0 gL-1） were not significantly different. With of salt concentrations of 1.0，2.0，and 3.0 gL-1，seedling height，shoot biomass，chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，and stomatal conductance decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Among the six clones，JW2345 and JW2372 were most tolerant to salt stress with JW1065 and JW2334 being least tolerant. ［Ch，4 fig. 3 tab. 19 ref.］
Growth and photosynthetic indices （seedling height，shoot biomass，root biomass，root length，chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，and stomatal conductance） from 1-year-old seedlings of six shrub willow clones （JW22-2，JW51-3，JW1065，JW2334，JW2345，JW2372） with different salt stresses were studied. A single factor design with salt stress treatments of 0，1.0，2.0，3.0 gL-1 and three replications was established and tested by solution culture. Results from the six willow clones indicated that 3.0 gL-1 salt concentration significantly inhibited（P＜0.05） root biomass and root length，whereas lower salt concentrations （1.0 and 2.0 gL-1） were not significantly different. With of salt concentrations of 1.0，2.0，and 3.0 gL-1，seedling height，shoot biomass，chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，and stomatal conductance decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Among the six clones，JW2345 and JW2372 were most tolerant to salt stress with JW1065 and JW2334 being least tolerant. ［Ch，4 fig. 3 tab. 19 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 69-75.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.011
Abstract:
Changes in morphological indexes，chlorophyll mass fraction，malondialdehydel（MDA） molal concentration and protective enzyme activities of Hosta hybrida So Sweet，Aspidistra elatior Punctata，Speirantha gardenii with shading treatments of 50%，75%，90% and a control of 0% were studied using the subordination function method. Results showed that the morphological indexes of the three plants were significantly higher （P＜0.05） than the control. Indexes of H. hybrida So Sweet were greatest with 75% shading，but the indexes of A. elatiorPunctata and S. gardenii were largest with 90% shading. The mass fraction of chlorphyll a（Chl a） and chlorphyll b（Chl b） for shading treatments were significantly higher（P＜0.05） than the control and the increased range of S. gardenii was biggest. Chl a/Chl b was significantly lower （P＜0.05） than the control and the decreased range of S. gardenii was biggest. Malondialdehyde（MDA） molal concentration was significantly lower（P＜0.05）with shading treatments than the control. The changes of superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities of H. hybrida So Sweet decreased first and then increased，while those of A. elatior Punctata and S. gardenii gradually decreased. With increased shading，changes in peroxidase（POD） activities of H. hybrida So Sweet and A. elatior Punctata decreased to a certain degree and then increased. POD activities of S. gardenii decreased with 50% shading，but increased with 75% shading and then decreased. According to the subordination function method，shade tolerance of the three plants was in the order：Speirantha gardenii＞Aspidistra elatior Punctata＞Hosta hybrida So Sweet. ［Ch，3 fig. 3 tab. 22 ref.］
Changes in morphological indexes，chlorophyll mass fraction，malondialdehydel（MDA） molal concentration and protective enzyme activities of Hosta hybrida So Sweet，Aspidistra elatior Punctata，Speirantha gardenii with shading treatments of 50%，75%，90% and a control of 0% were studied using the subordination function method. Results showed that the morphological indexes of the three plants were significantly higher （P＜0.05） than the control. Indexes of H. hybrida So Sweet were greatest with 75% shading，but the indexes of A. elatiorPunctata and S. gardenii were largest with 90% shading. The mass fraction of chlorphyll a（Chl a） and chlorphyll b（Chl b） for shading treatments were significantly higher（P＜0.05） than the control and the increased range of S. gardenii was biggest. Chl a/Chl b was significantly lower （P＜0.05） than the control and the decreased range of S. gardenii was biggest. Malondialdehyde（MDA） molal concentration was significantly lower（P＜0.05）with shading treatments than the control. The changes of superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities of H. hybrida So Sweet decreased first and then increased，while those of A. elatior Punctata and S. gardenii gradually decreased. With increased shading，changes in peroxidase（POD） activities of H. hybrida So Sweet and A. elatior Punctata decreased to a certain degree and then increased. POD activities of S. gardenii decreased with 50% shading，but increased with 75% shading and then decreased. According to the subordination function method，shade tolerance of the three plants was in the order：Speirantha gardenii＞Aspidistra elatior Punctata＞Hosta hybrida So Sweet. ［Ch，3 fig. 3 tab. 22 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 76-80.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.012
Abstract:
This objective is to provide a basis for chosen of fire resistant tree species in the southern area of China. Physiological indexes of drought-resistance，namely the four water parameters of osmotic potential at the turgor loss point（p），water potential at the water saturation point （0），bulk modulus of elasticity （），and the rate of bound water in cells（Vp /V0），for the three fire resistant trees，Schima superba，Cyclobalanopsis glauca，and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus，were studied using the pressure-volume（P-V） technique. Averages of the four water parameters for the three species in three growing seasons（March-May，July-August，and October-November in 2008） were then compared. Results showed that （1） in different seasons，water parameters of S. superba and C. glauca had similar trends and ranges but were different from E. glabripetalus. Also， （2） drought resistance from averages of the water parameters was C. glauca ＞ S. superba ＞ E. glabripetalus.［Ch，2 fig. 1 tab. 11 ref.］
This objective is to provide a basis for chosen of fire resistant tree species in the southern area of China. Physiological indexes of drought-resistance，namely the four water parameters of osmotic potential at the turgor loss point（p），water potential at the water saturation point （0），bulk modulus of elasticity （），and the rate of bound water in cells（Vp /V0），for the three fire resistant trees，Schima superba，Cyclobalanopsis glauca，and Elaeocarpus glabripetalus，were studied using the pressure-volume（P-V） technique. Averages of the four water parameters for the three species in three growing seasons（March-May，July-August，and October-November in 2008） were then compared. Results showed that （1） in different seasons，water parameters of S. superba and C. glauca had similar trends and ranges but were different from E. glabripetalus. Also， （2） drought resistance from averages of the water parameters was C. glauca ＞ S. superba ＞ E. glabripetalus.［Ch，2 fig. 1 tab. 11 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 81-86.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.013
Abstract:
The straight-culmed type of Dendrocalamus sinicus is one of the most important economic bamboo resources in Yunnan Province，China. To protect and develop native germplasm resources of the straight-culmed D. sinicus in Yunnan，the genetic diversity of four straight-culmed provenances of D. sinicus was analyzed based on inter-simple sequence repeat（ISSR） markers for percentage of polymorphic bands（PPB），Neis gene diversity（H），Shannons information index（I） and Neis coefficient of genetic differentiation（Gst）. Results showed seven informative and reliable primers with 54 polymorphic loci that were chosen from 80 pre-screened primers. At the population level，PPB was 9.59%，H was 0.036 3，and I was 0.053 6；whereas at the species level，PPB was 73.97%，H was 0.260 0 and I was 0.3921. Also，Gst was 0.863 4. Gst indicated a high degree of genetic differentiation among straight-culmed D. sinicus provenances most likely due to habitat fragmentation and flowering without seed.［Ch，4 fig. 4 tab. 21 ref.］
The straight-culmed type of Dendrocalamus sinicus is one of the most important economic bamboo resources in Yunnan Province，China. To protect and develop native germplasm resources of the straight-culmed D. sinicus in Yunnan，the genetic diversity of four straight-culmed provenances of D. sinicus was analyzed based on inter-simple sequence repeat（ISSR） markers for percentage of polymorphic bands（PPB），Neis gene diversity（H），Shannons information index（I） and Neis coefficient of genetic differentiation（Gst）. Results showed seven informative and reliable primers with 54 polymorphic loci that were chosen from 80 pre-screened primers. At the population level，PPB was 9.59%，H was 0.036 3，and I was 0.053 6；whereas at the species level，PPB was 73.97%，H was 0.260 0 and I was 0.3921. Also，Gst was 0.863 4. Gst indicated a high degree of genetic differentiation among straight-culmed D. sinicus provenances most likely due to habitat fragmentation and flowering without seed.［Ch，4 fig. 4 tab. 21 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 87-92.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.014
Abstract:
With genomic DNA of Torreya grandisMerrillii，an optimization experiment was performed in terms of Taq DNA polymerase，Mg2+，DNA template，deoxynucleotide triphosphates（dNTP）s，and primer concentration. The optimized system was as follows：a total polymerase chain reaction （PCR） volume of 20 L included 30 ng DNA，16.67 nkat Taq polymerase，0.350 molL-1 primer，1.625 mmolL-1 Mg2+，0.250 mmolL-1 dNTPs，and 2 L 10 PCR buffer. Then，a PCR amplification program was established with denaturing at 94 C for 5.0 min followed by 35 cycles of denaturing at 94 C for 30 s，annealing for 45 s （annealing temperatures varied with primers） with extension at 72 C for 1.5 min，extension at 72 C for 7 min，and finally maintained at 4 C. Based on this optimized system，34 inter simple sequence repeat （ISSR） primers suitable for the species were screened from 77 primers with gradient PCR being used to propose the optimal annealing temperature. This experimental result has laid a foundation for genetic map construction in T. grandis Merrillii. ［Ch，4 fig. 1 tab. 12 ref.］
With genomic DNA of Torreya grandisMerrillii，an optimization experiment was performed in terms of Taq DNA polymerase，Mg2+，DNA template，deoxynucleotide triphosphates（dNTP）s，and primer concentration. The optimized system was as follows：a total polymerase chain reaction （PCR） volume of 20 L included 30 ng DNA，16.67 nkat Taq polymerase，0.350 molL-1 primer，1.625 mmolL-1 Mg2+，0.250 mmolL-1 dNTPs，and 2 L 10 PCR buffer. Then，a PCR amplification program was established with denaturing at 94 C for 5.0 min followed by 35 cycles of denaturing at 94 C for 30 s，annealing for 45 s （annealing temperatures varied with primers） with extension at 72 C for 1.5 min，extension at 72 C for 7 min，and finally maintained at 4 C. Based on this optimized system，34 inter simple sequence repeat （ISSR） primers suitable for the species were screened from 77 primers with gradient PCR being used to propose the optimal annealing temperature. This experimental result has laid a foundation for genetic map construction in T. grandis Merrillii. ［Ch，4 fig. 1 tab. 12 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 93-98.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.015
Abstract:
To explore the effects on airborne microbes in four stand types，we measured airborne microbe concentrations in Cinnamomum camphora，Osmanthus fragrans，Myrica rubra，and Phyllostachys viridis stands in the spring of 2008 using the natural sedimentation method in the East Lake Campus of Zhejiang Forestry College，with the control of open field. Then，air quality was estimated using natural sedimentation. Results showed that compared with the control，all four stand types significantly inhibited airborne bacteria（P＜0.01） with reductions of 38.9% for C. camphora，62.2% for O. fragrans，70.0% for M. rubra，and 91.1% for P. viridis. In O. fragrans and P. viridis stands，fungi and actinomycete concentrations significantly decreased （P＜0.05），but in C. camphora and M. rubra stands，fungi concentration significantly increased （P＜0.01）. At noon，the strongest inhibition on airborne bacteria concentration was found in M. rubra（85.4%），C. camphora （29.2%），and O. fragrans （70.9%） stands. These four stand types significantly reduced airborne microbe concentrations，but results on fungi and actinomycete quantities differed depending on the forest type.［Ch，2 fig. 1 tab. 19 ref.］
To explore the effects on airborne microbes in four stand types，we measured airborne microbe concentrations in Cinnamomum camphora，Osmanthus fragrans，Myrica rubra，and Phyllostachys viridis stands in the spring of 2008 using the natural sedimentation method in the East Lake Campus of Zhejiang Forestry College，with the control of open field. Then，air quality was estimated using natural sedimentation. Results showed that compared with the control，all four stand types significantly inhibited airborne bacteria（P＜0.01） with reductions of 38.9% for C. camphora，62.2% for O. fragrans，70.0% for M. rubra，and 91.1% for P. viridis. In O. fragrans and P. viridis stands，fungi and actinomycete concentrations significantly decreased （P＜0.05），but in C. camphora and M. rubra stands，fungi concentration significantly increased （P＜0.01）. At noon，the strongest inhibition on airborne bacteria concentration was found in M. rubra（85.4%），C. camphora （29.2%），and O. fragrans （70.9%） stands. These four stand types significantly reduced airborne microbe concentrations，but results on fungi and actinomycete quantities differed depending on the forest type.［Ch，2 fig. 1 tab. 19 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 99-104.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.016
Abstract:
To improve the utilization of bamboo vinegar and develop highly efficient，low toxic wood and bamboo preservatives，antifungal effects on three wood molds were researched. Wood molds were Aspergillus niger，Trichoderma viride，and Penicillium citrinum and bamboo vinegar preparations of PW1（10 gL－1 carbamate），PW2（70 gL－1 salts of boric acid），and PW3（20 gL－1 boric acid and 20 gL－1 copper sulfate）with a control as the natural bamboo vinegar were tested on antifungal effects. Results showed that（1） bamboo vinegar had a 99% inhibitory rate on the three molds even after being diluted 10 times. （2） Compounding active components greatly improved antifungal activity of the bamboo vinegar preparation with PW1，PW2，and PW3 ring sizes of：a） 18，29，and 17 mm；b） 23，32，and 20 mm；and c）19，28，and 16 mm，respectively.（3） Among wood molds tested the preparations had the best antifungal effect on Trichoderma viride.［Ch，6 tab. 9 ref.］
To improve the utilization of bamboo vinegar and develop highly efficient，low toxic wood and bamboo preservatives，antifungal effects on three wood molds were researched. Wood molds were Aspergillus niger，Trichoderma viride，and Penicillium citrinum and bamboo vinegar preparations of PW1（10 gL－1 carbamate），PW2（70 gL－1 salts of boric acid），and PW3（20 gL－1 boric acid and 20 gL－1 copper sulfate）with a control as the natural bamboo vinegar were tested on antifungal effects. Results showed that（1） bamboo vinegar had a 99% inhibitory rate on the three molds even after being diluted 10 times. （2） Compounding active components greatly improved antifungal activity of the bamboo vinegar preparation with PW1，PW2，and PW3 ring sizes of：a） 18，29，and 17 mm；b） 23，32，and 20 mm；and c）19，28，and 16 mm，respectively.（3） Among wood molds tested the preparations had the best antifungal effect on Trichoderma viride.［Ch，6 tab. 9 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 105-109.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.017
Abstract:
Catalytic cracking of rosin with activated clay，phosphotungstic acid hydrate，phosphotmolybdic acid hydrate，zeolite molecule sieve and silicotungstic acid hydrate was studied，and reaction conditions along with chemical compositions of the cracked products from activated clay were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Results showed that with a 1.0 － 2.0 h reaction time，activated clay reduced the acid value of the products to 1.20 mgg-1，whereas phosphotungstic acid hydrate reduced the acid value to 2.07 mgg-1. Best reaction conditions for cracking reaction were a reaction temperature of 220 － 240 ℃，activated clay catalyst weight of 5.0% － 10.0% of the rosin，and a reaction time of 1.0 h. The main compounds from the GC/MS were naphthalene，1H-indole，benzo，4，5-diazaphenanthrene （phenanthrene），and other aromatic compounds. Besides the dicarboxylic reaction，the cracking reaction of rosin comprise the rupture and recomposition of CC bonds and CH bonds. ［Ch，1 fig. 5 tab. 9 ref.］
Catalytic cracking of rosin with activated clay，phosphotungstic acid hydrate，phosphotmolybdic acid hydrate，zeolite molecule sieve and silicotungstic acid hydrate was studied，and reaction conditions along with chemical compositions of the cracked products from activated clay were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Results showed that with a 1.0 － 2.0 h reaction time，activated clay reduced the acid value of the products to 1.20 mgg-1，whereas phosphotungstic acid hydrate reduced the acid value to 2.07 mgg-1. Best reaction conditions for cracking reaction were a reaction temperature of 220 － 240 ℃，activated clay catalyst weight of 5.0% － 10.0% of the rosin，and a reaction time of 1.0 h. The main compounds from the GC/MS were naphthalene，1H-indole，benzo，4，5-diazaphenanthrene （phenanthrene），and other aromatic compounds. Besides the dicarboxylic reaction，the cracking reaction of rosin comprise the rupture and recomposition of CC bonds and CH bonds. ［Ch，1 fig. 5 tab. 9 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 110-115.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.018
Abstract:
The mammalian fauna and distribution of Putuoshan Island was investigated in Zhoushan City by using line transact method and visiting method during May 2004 and July 2006. The results show that there are 5 orders，9 families and 15 species of mammals recorded in Putuoshan Island. Among them，Hydropotes inermis intermis，Lutra lutra and Manis pentadactyla auritus are the second-class protected wild animal in China，so their habitats need to be protected.［Ch，3 tab. 17 ref.］
The mammalian fauna and distribution of Putuoshan Island was investigated in Zhoushan City by using line transact method and visiting method during May 2004 and July 2006. The results show that there are 5 orders，9 families and 15 species of mammals recorded in Putuoshan Island. Among them，Hydropotes inermis intermis，Lutra lutra and Manis pentadactyla auritus are the second-class protected wild animal in China，so their habitats need to be protected.［Ch，3 tab. 17 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 116-120.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.019
Abstract:
Forest resources management information system is very important to the construction of forestry informationization. The paper studied the related criteria on construction of forest resource information system. The construction principles，methods，and contents of criteria of forest resources data collection，criteria of forest resource information coding，criteria of forest resource database construction，criteria of information production of forest resource，criteria of key metadata of forest resource were putted forward. ［Ch，6 fig. 1 tab. 5 ref.］
Forest resources management information system is very important to the construction of forestry informationization. The paper studied the related criteria on construction of forest resource information system. The construction principles，methods，and contents of criteria of forest resources data collection，criteria of forest resource information coding，criteria of forest resource database construction，criteria of information production of forest resource，criteria of key metadata of forest resource were putted forward. ［Ch，6 fig. 1 tab. 5 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 121-125.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.020
Abstract:
There is a large body of mature research on the forest health care both inside and outside of China. However，many of them have ignored the positive influence of forest on human beings psyche. The research adopted a multidisciplinary approach，put forward an innovative framework on the mental intervention based forestry and leisure tourism products and analyzed its connotations and development values. Based on the special forest environments，it also designed a corresponding mental intervention program which allowed the tourists participate in the mental intervention activities in the process of tour and leisure in the forest，to alleviate and eradicate their negative psyche. The paper predicated the tendency of the products. The mental intervention based forestry and leisure tourism products have very bright future and therefore are a new field in the world. ［Ch，11 ref.］
There is a large body of mature research on the forest health care both inside and outside of China. However，many of them have ignored the positive influence of forest on human beings psyche. The research adopted a multidisciplinary approach，put forward an innovative framework on the mental intervention based forestry and leisure tourism products and analyzed its connotations and development values. Based on the special forest environments，it also designed a corresponding mental intervention program which allowed the tourists participate in the mental intervention activities in the process of tour and leisure in the forest，to alleviate and eradicate their negative psyche. The paper predicated the tendency of the products. The mental intervention based forestry and leisure tourism products have very bright future and therefore are a new field in the world. ［Ch，11 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 126-133.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.021
Abstract:
Automatic extraction and delineation of individual tree crown using high spatial resolution remote sensing is an efficient method to obtain forest information，and is also a hot issue in forest remote sensing research. In this article，different approaches of individual tree crown extraction were introduced in details，including local maxima，template matching，valley-following，multiple scale，seeded region growing，watershed segmentation，local transects. The application of individual tree crown extraction in the field of forestry was concluded. Finally，combined with current international research progress，the future of automatic extraction of individual tree crown was expected. ［Ch，51 ref.］
Automatic extraction and delineation of individual tree crown using high spatial resolution remote sensing is an efficient method to obtain forest information，and is also a hot issue in forest remote sensing research. In this article，different approaches of individual tree crown extraction were introduced in details，including local maxima，template matching，valley-following，multiple scale，seeded region growing，watershed segmentation，local transects. The application of individual tree crown extraction in the field of forestry was concluded. Finally，combined with current international research progress，the future of automatic extraction of individual tree crown was expected. ［Ch，51 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 134-142.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.022
Abstract:
Elevated solar ultraviolet-B （UV-B） radiation has been a hot issue in regards to global environmental change as UV-Bs could directly or indirectly affect litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence of accelerated photochemical breakdown of lignin，solar UV-B radiation could increase the litter decomposition rate；it could also decrease decomposition by directly altering species composition，quantity，activity，and colonization of decomposers （including animals and soil microbes） exposed to solar radiation. Indirect effects of UV-B radiation on litter chemical composition have included both reductions and increases in the concentrations of cellulose，flavonoids，and tannins during growth. This has subsequently affected community composition and competitive ability of decomposers thereby either decreasing or accelerating litter decomposition rates in soils. Through its influence on litter decomposition，UV-B radiation could further affect nutrient cycling and carbon storage of the ecosystem. Effects of UV-B radiation （both direct and indirect） on litter decomposition have been species-specific making previous studies difficult to compare due to differences in litter type，ecosystems，and experimental approaches simulating ozone depletion. Thus，further research on how UV-B radiation influences litter decomposition，which focuses mainly on changes in litter quality and composition as well as decomposer activity，is necessary.［Ch，65 ref.］
Elevated solar ultraviolet-B （UV-B） radiation has been a hot issue in regards to global environmental change as UV-Bs could directly or indirectly affect litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence of accelerated photochemical breakdown of lignin，solar UV-B radiation could increase the litter decomposition rate；it could also decrease decomposition by directly altering species composition，quantity，activity，and colonization of decomposers （including animals and soil microbes） exposed to solar radiation. Indirect effects of UV-B radiation on litter chemical composition have included both reductions and increases in the concentrations of cellulose，flavonoids，and tannins during growth. This has subsequently affected community composition and competitive ability of decomposers thereby either decreasing or accelerating litter decomposition rates in soils. Through its influence on litter decomposition，UV-B radiation could further affect nutrient cycling and carbon storage of the ecosystem. Effects of UV-B radiation （both direct and indirect） on litter decomposition have been species-specific making previous studies difficult to compare due to differences in litter type，ecosystems，and experimental approaches simulating ozone depletion. Thus，further research on how UV-B radiation influences litter decomposition，which focuses mainly on changes in litter quality and composition as well as decomposer activity，is necessary.［Ch，65 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 143-148.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.023
Abstract:
Because of its characteristics such as high pH value，high-salt content，poor structure and low fertility，saline and alkali soil has harmful effect on both plant growth and eco-environment. Therefore，it is important to improve and utilize the saline and alkali soil. According to the relevant research in China and abroad，this paper reviewed the main causes of the saline and alkali soil，including soil parent material，texture，landform，neotectonics，hydrological condition，human activities，and analyzed biotechnologies such as germplasm screening，distant hybridization and genetic engineering as well as non-biological technologies including tillage fertilization，covering technique，hydraulic measures，chemical measures and electro-magnetic methods. And suggestions are raised，namely further improving regional salt forecast system and giving play to plant-microorganism combined bioremediation for the soil.［Ch，52 ref.］
Because of its characteristics such as high pH value，high-salt content，poor structure and low fertility，saline and alkali soil has harmful effect on both plant growth and eco-environment. Therefore，it is important to improve and utilize the saline and alkali soil. According to the relevant research in China and abroad，this paper reviewed the main causes of the saline and alkali soil，including soil parent material，texture，landform，neotectonics，hydrological condition，human activities，and analyzed biotechnologies such as germplasm screening，distant hybridization and genetic engineering as well as non-biological technologies including tillage fertilization，covering technique，hydraulic measures，chemical measures and electro-magnetic methods. And suggestions are raised，namely further improving regional salt forecast system and giving play to plant-microorganism combined bioremediation for the soil.［Ch，52 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 149-154.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.024
Abstract:
Bambusa oldhamii f. variegata is a form of Bambusa oldhamii，having good ornamental and economic value. This aim is to establish a tissue culture system for its commercial propagation. Multiplication of B. oldhamii f. variegata using different plant growth regulators and concentrations was studied with the lateral buds as the explant and three shoots per cluster. The results showed that 0.1 mgL-1 thidiazuron（TDZ） was best with the proliferation rate up to 3.60 when TDZ（0.000 1，0.001 0，0.010 0，0.100 0， 1.000 0 mgL-1），6-benzylaminopurine（BA）（1，3，5，10 mgL-1）、2-isopentenyladenine （2ip） （1，3， 5，10 mgL-1） and kinetin （KT）（1，3，5，10 mgL-1） were added respectively to determine suitable concentration for tissue culture，but the highest proliferation rate 4.63 was obtained with 3.00 mgL-1 BA + 0.01 mgL-1 TDZ when the combination of BA（0.001，0.010，0.100，1.000，3.000 mgL-1），TDZ（0.000 1， 0.001 0，0.010 0，0.100 0 mgL-1），and also good growing. Three shoots per cluster was treated only with 50.00 mgL-1 indole-3-butyric acid（IBA） for 1 day，then the explants were transferred to MS（Murashige and Skoog） basic medium，After 30 days the rooting rate was up to 55 percent，and developed well. The survival rate of transplanted potted plants was above 85 percent.［Ch，1 fig. 4 tab. 13 ref.］
Bambusa oldhamii f. variegata is a form of Bambusa oldhamii，having good ornamental and economic value. This aim is to establish a tissue culture system for its commercial propagation. Multiplication of B. oldhamii f. variegata using different plant growth regulators and concentrations was studied with the lateral buds as the explant and three shoots per cluster. The results showed that 0.1 mgL-1 thidiazuron（TDZ） was best with the proliferation rate up to 3.60 when TDZ（0.000 1，0.001 0，0.010 0，0.100 0， 1.000 0 mgL-1），6-benzylaminopurine（BA）（1，3，5，10 mgL-1）、2-isopentenyladenine （2ip） （1，3， 5，10 mgL-1） and kinetin （KT）（1，3，5，10 mgL-1） were added respectively to determine suitable concentration for tissue culture，but the highest proliferation rate 4.63 was obtained with 3.00 mgL-1 BA + 0.01 mgL-1 TDZ when the combination of BA（0.001，0.010，0.100，1.000，3.000 mgL-1），TDZ（0.000 1， 0.001 0，0.010 0，0.100 0 mgL-1），and also good growing. Three shoots per cluster was treated only with 50.00 mgL-1 indole-3-butyric acid（IBA） for 1 day，then the explants were transferred to MS（Murashige and Skoog） basic medium，After 30 days the rooting rate was up to 55 percent，and developed well. The survival rate of transplanted potted plants was above 85 percent.［Ch，1 fig. 4 tab. 13 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 155-158.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.025
Abstract:
The research on the cutting propagation of Euonymus hamiltonianus and E. alatus was carried out using NAA，IAA and GGR-6 at 50，150，300 mgL－1 concentrations in order to provide references to their rapid propagation in large volume. The results showed that（1） the rooting of E. hamiltonianus belonged to callus rooting type；The GGR-6 concentration of 300 mgL－1 had marked the best effects for E. hamiltonianus taking such the factors into account as rooting percentage，the length and number of roots. （2） the rooting of E. alatus belonged to comprehensive rooting type which were bark and callus rooting；300 mgL－1 IAA had the best effect on rooting percentage of E. alatus，which reached to 91.10%.［Ch，1 tab. 9 ref.］
The research on the cutting propagation of Euonymus hamiltonianus and E. alatus was carried out using NAA，IAA and GGR-6 at 50，150，300 mgL－1 concentrations in order to provide references to their rapid propagation in large volume. The results showed that（1） the rooting of E. hamiltonianus belonged to callus rooting type；The GGR-6 concentration of 300 mgL－1 had marked the best effects for E. hamiltonianus taking such the factors into account as rooting percentage，the length and number of roots. （2） the rooting of E. alatus belonged to comprehensive rooting type which were bark and callus rooting；300 mgL－1 IAA had the best effect on rooting percentage of E. alatus，which reached to 91.10%.［Ch，1 tab. 9 ref.］
2010, 27(1): 159-161.
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2010.01.026
Abstract:
Padus brachypoda （Batal.） Schneid. var. microdonta （Koehne） Y et Ku （Rosaceae） and Thladiantha longifolia Cogn.（Cucurbitaceae）were firstly collected in Zhejiang Province，found in National Natural Reserve of Mount Tianmu. ［Ch，2 fig. 7 ref. ］
Padus brachypoda （Batal.） Schneid. var. microdonta （Koehne） Y et Ku （Rosaceae） and Thladiantha longifolia Cogn.（Cucurbitaceae）were firstly collected in Zhejiang Province，found in National Natural Reserve of Mount Tianmu. ［Ch，2 fig. 7 ref. ］
