-
20世纪80年代以来,随着湿地破坏的日益加重和湿地生态系统重要性的不断显现,在世界范围内开展了大规模的湿地自然恢复工作。由于湿地种子库保存着不同演替阶段种子,不仅是植被天然更新的物质基础,也是种群基因的潜在提供者[1-2],因此,关于湿地种子库的研究也相应展开,研究内容涉及种子库的大小和物种组成,种子库的分布格局、与地上植被的关系,干扰对湿地种子库的影响,种子库在湿地恢复中的作用等方面。在国内,中国科学院武汉植物园对长江中下游湿地土壤种子库[3-5],中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所对三江平原湿地土壤种子库都开展了大量研究[6-7],高原湿地[8]、滨海湿地[9]等种子库研究也陆续有一些展开。综述前人研究结果发现:当前的湿地土壤种子库研究存在一些问题,例如采样时大都选择狭义种子库的概念,而湿地植物有很大一部分采用无性繁殖的方式,这对研究结果造成一定影响;在利用种子库进行植被恢复时,缺少对生境条件的恢复,直接影响了恢复结果。因此,在本研究中对湿地种子库研究中几个常见问题进行了探讨。
HTML
[1] | MOLES A T, DRAKE D R. Potential contribution of the seed rain and seed bank to regeneration of native forest under plantation pine in New Zealand[J]. New Zealand J Bot, 1999, 37(): 83-93. doi: 10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512615 | |
[2] | HARPER J L. Population Biology of Plant[M]. London:Academic Press,1977:256-263. | |
[3] | LIU Wenzhi, ZHANG Quanfa, LIU Guihua. Seed bank of a rever-reservoir wetland system and their implications for vegetation development[J]. Aquat Bot, 2009, 90(1): 7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.04.014 | |
[4] | LIU Wenzhi, LIU Guihua, ZHANG Quanfa. Influence of vegetation characteristics on soil denitrification in shoreline wetland of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in China[J]. Clean Soil, Air,Water, 2011, 39(2): 109-115. doi: 10.1002/clen.200900212 | |
[5] | YUAN Longyi, LIU Guihua, LI Wei. Seed bank variation along a water depth gradient in a subtropical lakeshore marsh,Longgan Lake,China[J]. Plant Ecol, 2007, 189(1): 127-137. doi: 10.1007/s11258-006-9170-z | |
[6] | 邢福, 王莹, 许坤. 三江平原沼泽湿地群落演替系列的土壤种子库特征[J]. 湿地科学, 2008, 6(3): 351-358. | XING Fu, WANG Ying, XU Kun. Characteristics of soil seed bank of community successional series in marshes in Sanjiang Plain[J]. Wetland Sci, 2008, 6(3): 351-358. |
[7] | 许坤. 三江平原沼泽湿地植被演替系列β多样性及土壤种子库研究[D]. 长春:东北师范大学, 2005. | XU Kun. Beta Diversity and Soil Seed Bank of the Typical Vegetation Series in Marsh in Sanjiang Plain[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2005. |
[8] | 欧祖兰, 吕仕洪, 陆树华. 桂西南峰丛洼地退化植被土壤种子库的初步研究[J]. 广西植物, 2006, 26(6): 643-649. | OU Zulan, LÜ Shihong, LU Shuhua. Preliminary study on soil seed bank of degraded karst vegetation in Southwest Guangxi[J]. Guihaia, 2006, 26(6): 643-649. |
[9] | 莫训强, 李洪远, 蔡喆. 天津滨海盐碱湿地突然种子库特征研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2010, 33(1): 52-57. | MO Xunqiang, LI Hongyuan, CAI Zhe. Characteristics of soil seed bank in saline-alkail wetland of Tianjing Binhai new area[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2010, 33(1): 52-57. |
[10] | SIMPSON R L. Ecology of Soil Seed Bank[M]. San Diego:Academic Press,1989:149-209. | |
[11] | POIANI K A, JOHNSON W C. Effect of hydroperiod on seed-bank composition in semipermanent prairie wetlands[J]. Can J Bot, 1989, 67(): 856-864. doi: 10.1139/b89-115 | |
[12] | 侯志勇, 陈心胜, 谢永宏. 洞庭湖湿地土壤种子库特征及其与地表植被的相关性[J]. 湖泊科学, 2012, 24(2): 287-293. doi: 10.18307/2012.0218 | HOU Zhiyong, CHEN Xinsheng, XIE Yonghong. Characteristics of soil seed bank and its relationship with aboveground vegetation in Lake Dongting[J]. J Lake Sci, 2012, 24(2): 287-293. doi: 10.18307/2012.0218 |
[13] | 李守淳, 卢蓓, 刘晖. 鄱阳湖湿地土壤种子库特征及其与地表植被的关系[J]. 江西师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2011, 35(4): 431-436. | LI Shouchun, LU Bei, LIU Hui. Soil seed bank and its relation to vegetation in the littoral zone of Poyang Lake[J]. J Jiangxi Norm Univ Nat Sci, 2011, 35(4): 431-436. |
[14] | 王国栋, 吕宪国, 姜明. 三江平原恢复湿地土壤种子库特征及其与植被的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 763-773. | WANG Guodong, LÜ Xianguo, JIANG Ming. Characteristics of the soil seed banks and relationships with the vegetation in restored wetlands in Sanjiang Plain,northeast of China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(8): 763-773. |
[15] | LIU Guihua, LI Wei, ZHOU Ju. How does the propagule bank contribute to cyclic vegetation change in a lakeshore marsh with seasonal draw-down[J]. Aquat Bot, 2006, 84(): 137-143. doi: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.08.005 | |
[16] | 李有志. 小叶章和芦苇种子萌发以及幼苗生长对环境因子的响应研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2007. | LI Youzhi. Studies on the Responses of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Deyeuxia angustifolia,Phragmites communis to Environmental Factor[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2007. |
[17] | VANDER V A G, DAVIS C B. The role of seed banks in the vegetation dynamics of prairie glacial marshes[J]. Ecology, 1978, 59(): 322-335. doi: 10.2307/1936377 | |
[18] | 徐凌翔, 程玉, 刘帆. 尕海湖滨湿地种子库初探[J]. 植物科学学报, 2011, 29(5): 589-598. | XU Lingxiang, CHENG Yu, LIU Fan. Seed banks of a lakeshore wetland,Gahai Lake[J]. Plant Sci J, 2011, 29(5): 589-598. |
[19] | 刘贵华. 长江中下游湿地的种子库研究[D]. 武汉:中国科学院武汉植物园,2005. | LIU Guihua. Wetland Seed Banks in the Middle to Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River[D]. Wuhan:CAS Wuhan Botanical Garden,2005. |
[20] | 李伟, 刘贵华, 周进. 淡水湿地种子库研究综述[J]. 生态学报, 2002, 22(3): 395-402. | LI Wei, LIU Guihua, ZHOU Jin. Studies on the seed bank of freshwater wetland:a review[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2002, 22(3): 395-402. |
[21] | SMITH S M, CROMICS M C, LEEDS P V. Constraints of seed bank species composition and water depth for restoring vegetation in the Florida everglades[J]. USA Restoration Ecol, 2002, 10(): 138-145. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.10115.x | |
[22] | HARWELL M C, HAVENS K E. Experimental studies on recovery potential of submerger aquatic vegetation after flooding and desiccation in a large subtropical lake[J]. Aquat Bot, 2003, 77(): 135-151. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3770(03)00101-3 | |
[23] | MIDDLETON B, WU X B. Landscape pattern of seed banks and anthropogenic impact in forested wetlands in the northern Mississippi River Alluvial Valley[J]. Eco Sci, 2008, 15(): 231-240. | |
[24] | MIDDLETON B A. Soil seed banks and the potential restoration of forested wetlands after farming[J]. J Appl Ecol, 2003, 40(): 1025-1034. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00866.x | |
[25] | MULHOUSE J M, GALATOWITSCH S M. Revegetation of prairie pothole wetlands in the mid-continental US:twelve years post reflooding[J]. Plant Ecol, 2003, 169(): 143-159. doi: 10.1023/A:1026221302606 | |
[26] | KETTENRING K M, GALATOWITSCH S M. Carex seedling emergence in restored and Natural Prairie Wetlands[J]. Wetlands, 2011, 31(2): 273-281. doi: 10.1007/s13157-011-0160-0 | |
[27] | STROH P A, HUGHES F M R, SPARKS T H. The influence of time on the soil seed bank and vegetation across a landscape scale wetland restoration project[J]. Restoration Ecol, 2012, 20(): 103-112. doi: 10.1111/rec.2012.20.issue-1 | |
[28] | CASANOVA M T, BROCK M A. How do depth,duration and frequency of flooding influence the establishment of wet land plant communities[J]. Plant Ecol, 2000, 147(2): 237-250. doi: 10.1023/A:1009875226637 | |
[29] | 刘贵华, 肖蒇, 陈漱飞. 土壤种子库在长江中下游湿地恢复与生物多样性保护中的作用[J]. 自然科学进展, 2007, 17(6): 741-747. | LIU Guihua, XIAO Chan, CHEN Shufei. The effect of seed bank on wetland restoration and biodiversity conservation in the middle to lower reaches of the changjiang river[J]. Nat Sci Prog, 2007, 17(6): 741-747. |
[30] | 侯志勇, 谢永宏, 于晓英. 淡水湿地种子库的研究方法、内容与展望[J]. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(8): 1400-1405. | HOU Zhiyong, XIE Yonghong, YU Xiaoying. Research method,content,and prospect on seed bank of fresh water wetland[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2008, 27(8): 1400-1405. |
[31] | CAPERS R S. Macrophyte colonization in a freshwater tidal wetland[J]. Aquat Bot, 2003, 77(): 325-338. doi: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2003.08.001 | |
[32] | CAPON S J. Effects of flooding on seedling emergence from the soil seed bank of a large desert floodplain[J]. Wetlands, 2007, 27(): 904-914. doi: 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[904:EOFOSE]2.0.CO;2 | |
[33] | GRANDIN U. Short term and long term variation in seedbank/vegetation relations along an environmental and successional gradient[J]. Ecography, 2001, 24(): 731-741. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.240611.x | |
[34] | GRELSSON G, NILSSON C. Vegetation and seed bank relationships on a lake shore[J]. Freshwater Biol, 1991, 26(): 199-207. doi: 10.1111/fwb.1991.26.issue-2 | |
[35] | KRISTINE N H. A review of similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation across ecosystems[J]. Oikos, 2007, 116(9): 1438-1448. doi: 10.1111/oik.2007.116.issue-9 | |
[36] | 于顺利, 蒋高明. 土壤种子库的研究进展及若干研究热点[J]. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(4): 551-560. | YU Shunli, JIANG Gaoming. The research development of soil seed bank and several hot topics[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2003, 27(4): 551-560. |
[37] | LECK M A, GRAVELINE K J. The seed bank of a fresh water tidal marsh[J]. Am J Bot, 1979, 66(): 1006-1015. doi: 10.2307/2442564 | |
[38] | JUTILA B E, HELI M. Seed bank of grazed and ungrazed baltic seashone meadows[J]. J Veget Sci, 1998, 9(): 395-408. doi: 10.2307/3237104 | |
[39] | CAPON S J, BROCK M A. Flooding soil seed bank dynamics and vegetation resilience of a hydrological variable desert flood plain[J]. Fresh Water Biol, 2006, 51(): 206-223. doi: 10.1111/fwb.2006.51.issue-2 | |
[40] | THOMPSON K. small scale heterogeneity in the seed bank of an acid grassland[J]. J Ecol, 1986, 74(): 733-738. doi: 10.2307/2260394 | |
[41] | WILSON S D, MOORE D R J, KEDDY P A. Relationships of marsh seed banks to vegetation patterns a long environmental gradients[J]. Fresh Water Biol, 1993, 9(): 361-370. | |
[42] | BALDWIN A H, EGNOTOVICH M S, CLARKE E. Hydrologic change and vegetation of tidal freshwater marshes:field,greenhouse,and seed bank experiments[J]. Wetlands, 2001, 21(4): 519-531. doi: 10.1672/0277-5212(2001)021[0519:HCAVOT]2.0.CO;2 | |
[43] | 党丽霞. 野鸭湖湿地不同退水时间条件下土壤种子库分布格局研究[D]. 北京:首都师范大学,2009. | DANG Lixia. The Studies on Distribution Pattern of Seed Bank on Different Water Back Time of the Yeyahu Wetland[D]. Beijing:Capital Normal University,2009. |
[44] | 史国鹏, 洪剑月, 谭月臣. 北京野鸭湖湿地不同植被退化区的土壤种子库特征[J]. 湿地科学, 2011, 9(2): 163-172. | SHI Guopeng, HONG Jianming, TAN Yuechen. Characteristics of soil seed banks in different areas of degraded vegetation of the Yeyahu wetland of Beijing[J]. Wetland Sci, 2011, 9(2): 163-172. |
[45] | 王相磊, 周进, 李伟. 洪湖湿地退耕初期种子库的季节动态[J]. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(3): 352-359. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2003.0052 | WANG Xianglei, ZHOU Jin, LI Wei. Seasonal dynamics of soil seed bank in honghu wetland withdrawn from long term rice culture[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2003, 27(3): 352-359. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2003.0052 |