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木材作为一种具有高强重比/可再生的材料,在不同领域得到广泛应用。然而,由于人工林速生树材生物耐久性较弱,尺寸稳定性差,极大的限制了其使用范围[1]。在众多木材改性手段中,热处理作为环境友好型改性方法受到广泛关注。热处理木材是通过蒸汽、氮气等气体或导热油作为保护介质和传热介质,将木材加热至150~260 ℃并保持数小时所制得,木材中的半纤维素和无定型区部分纤维素发生热降解,木质素在热处理过程中发生交联反应,最终木材形成了新的纤维-木质素网络-交联结构[2-4]。热处理使木材化学成分和结构发生热降解和交联反应等造成处理材材色更深沉优雅,其尺寸稳定性得到有效提升,并且抗微生物能力有所提高。热处理木材以其环境友好特性、沉稳典雅的木材材色、优异的尺寸稳定性和耐久性等受到市场广泛青睐[5-8],因此,热处理木制品被广泛用于家庭装潢、桑拿房、家具、室外用栅栏、建筑物的外墙板以及海港码头建材等[7-9]。1920年TIEMANN[10]通过高温干燥方式降低了木材的平衡含水率;1937年,STAMM等[11]利用多种气体加热木材以降低其干缩湿胀性,1945年进一步研究了热处理对木材尺寸稳定性的影响[1, 3]。近年来关于热处理对木材性能影响的研究较多,大多集中于不同热处理工艺对木材尺寸稳定性[2-5]、木材材色[12-13]、化学组分变化[14-15]或力学性能等的影响[16-18],而探究热处理工艺与处理材质量损失率、结构构成、力学性能和漆膜附着力等的相关关系是优化热处理工艺和预测热处理材产品质量的重要途径和手段之一。本文详述了热处理对木材结晶性、化学组分、力学性能和漆膜性能等的影响,以期为今后热处理木材的材性预测和产品质量控制提供详尽的理论支持。
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