Response of rainfall runoff to forest quality in Shicheng County, Jiangxi Province
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摘要:
目的 分析江西省石城县域降雨径流和森林质量年代变化特征及规律，研究降雨-径流-森林之间的关系，为定量监测和科学评价南方红壤丘陵区水土流失与生态环境状况提供依据。 方法 根据石城县域1989－2018年的天然降雨、径流序列数据以及不同年代遥感影像图，采用小波分析、遥感监督解译及森林质量等级判定等方法。 结果 ①石城县域降雨径流随着年际变化表现出缓慢下降趋势，但下降趋势不显著；②森林质量指数随着解析年份的增加整体呈上升—下降—上升趋势；③森林质量提升具有显著滞洪作用；④建立石城县域小波模型，径流深与降水量呈正相关，与森林质量指数呈负相关。 结论 森林质量的提升会加强森林涵养水源能力和森林滞洪作用。图4表5参27 Abstract:Objective The study aims to explore the characteristics and laws of the chronological change of rainfall runoff and forest quality in Shicheng County of Jiangxi Province, and the relationship between rainfall, runoff and forest, so as to provide basis for quantitative monitoring and scientific evaluation of soil erosion and ecological environment in the red soil hilly area in southern China. Method Based on the natural rainfall and runoff sequence data of Shicheng County from 1989 to 2018 and remote sensing image maps in different years, the methods of wavelet analysis, remote sensing supervision and interpretation, and forest quality grade determination were employed. Result (1) Rainfall and runoff showed a slow downward trend with inter-annual changes, but the decreasing trend was not significant. (2) The forest quality index showed an upward-downward-upward trend with the increase of resolution years. (3) The improvement of forest quality had a significant role in flood detention. (4)The wavelet model of Shicheng County showed the runoff depth was positively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with forest quality index. Conclusion The improvement of forest quality can strengthen the ability of forest water conservation and forest flood detention.[Ch, 4 fig. 5 tab. 27 ref.] -
Key words:
- forest hydrology /
- Shicheng County /
- rainfall /
- runoff /
- wavelet analysis /
- forest quality index
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图 2 石城县域森林质量等级分布示意图
Figure 2 Distribution map of forest quality grade in Shicheng County
图 3 石城县域小波变换消噪后的降雨-径流
Figure 3 Path diagram of precipitation-runoff depth with wavelet de-noising in Shicheng Counties
表 1 森林质量等级因子值确定范围
Table 1. Forest quality grade factor value determination range
林冠郁
闭度地表凋落物
覆盖度植被覆盖
度/%森林质量等级
因子值≤0.10 无覆盖 ＜30 0.00~0.10 0.10~0.25 较低 30~45 0.10~0.25 0.25~0.50 一半 45~60 0.25~0.50 0.50~0.75 较高 60~75 0.50~0.75 ≥0.75 全覆盖 ＞75 0.75~1.00 
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表 2 石城县域多年降雨统计分析
Table 2. Distribution characteristics of annual rainfall in Shicheng County
项目 年降雨量/mm 丰水期降雨量/mm 枯水期降雨量/mm 多年 1 831.3 1 228.9 602.4 丰水年 2 340.9 1 553.6 787.4 平水年 1 795.3 1 268.3 527.0 枯水年 1 416.8 936.0 480.8
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表 3 石城县域年径流分布特征
Table 3. Distribution characteristics of annual runoff in Shicheng County
项目 年径流量/亿m3 年径流深/mm 年径流系数 多年 6.69 1 020.1 0.54 丰水年 9.58 1 459.6 0.57 平水年 6.69 1 019.9 0.63 枯水年 4.25 648.2 0.46
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表 4 森林质量等级面积分布
Table 4. Forest quality grade area distribution in each basin
森林质量等级 各年度面积/km2 1989 1995 2001 2006 2010 2017年 0.10 718.01 553.77 335.46 319.81 342.48 91.26 0.25 545.55 417.9 304.19 283.07 299.39 136.09 0.50 157.41 252.81 356.12 283.44 325.30 227.28 0.75 87.02 207.87 312.47 255.17 308.17 566.02 1.00 47.67 122.19 238.35 366.22 284.95 528.13 0.5以上比例/% 18.78 37.49 58.63 60.01 58.86 85.32
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表 5 石城县域径流年代阶段特征
Table 5. Chronological characteristics of runoff in Shicheng County
所在流域 年份 森林质量
指数降雨量/
mm径流量/
亿m3径流深/
mm径流模数/
(m3·km−2·a−1)丰水期
径流深/mm枯水期
径流深/mm径流系数 丰水期
径流系数枯水期
径流系数石城县域 1989−1993 0.26 1 702.5 6.37 971.08 30.79 654.35 316.10 0.55 0.59 0.49 1994−1998 0.36 2 179.8 9.37 1 427.77 45.27 995.35 433.32 0.65 0.68 0.60 1999−2003 0.49 1 779.4 7.20 1 097.99 34.82 778.76 317.06 0.62 0.63 0.61 2004−2008 0.53 1 716.3 5.48 835.51 26.49 621.80 216.06 0.48 0.49 0.46 2009−2013 0.51 1 727.5 5.70 868.20 27.53 583.73 283.93 0.48 0.49 0.47 2014−2018 0.72 1 882.5 6.04 920.12 29.18 596.18 323.49 0.47 0.46 0.50
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