Floral syndrome and breeding system of Stewartia rostrata
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摘要:
目的 研究长柱紫茎Stewartia rostrata的花部特征和繁育系统，为紫茎属Stewartia种群更新、人工扩繁及园林推广应用提供科学依据。 方法 以3年生长柱紫茎为材料，观察(测)长柱紫茎的花部特征和昆虫访花特性，测定花粉活力和柱头可授性，测算杂交指数和花粉胚珠比，分析其传粉生物学及繁育系统特征。 结果 ①长柱紫茎居群花期为5月初至5月中下旬，约17 d，单花花期约2 d。②花粉活力开放当天最强，单花开花24~32 h，花冠和雄蕊易脱落，脱落后花粉极易失去活力。③开花前柱头已具有可授性，可授期达7 d，花粉强活力与柱头强可授性具1~2 d的相遇期。④花蕾期柱头高于花药，开花后花药高于柱头；无论开花前后，雄蕊与雌蕊均具有一定的空间分离。⑤长柱紫茎杂交指数为4，花粉胚珠比为2 108.0~195 525.0，繁育系统以异交为主，需要传粉者，部分自交亲和。⑥传粉昆虫以熊蜂Bombus sp.为主。 结论 长柱紫茎花粉寿命短，传粉昆虫单一，传粉易受阴雨天气影响，繁殖过程有较大限制；集中开花模式、花粉量大、柱头5裂及可授期长等花部特征是保障繁殖成功的基本表现。图5表1参31 Abstract:Objective The objective is to study the floral syndrome and breeding system of Stewartia rostrata, so as to provide a scientific basis for its population renewal, artificial reproduction and garden popularization and application. Method Taking 3-year-old S. rostrata as material, the characteristics of pollination biology and breeding system were observed and analyzed by observing the floral syndrome and insect visiting characteristics, measuring the pollen viability and stigma acceptability, and calculating the hybridization index (OCI) and pollen-ovule ratio (P/O). Result (1) The flowering period of the population was about 17 days from early May to mid and late May, and the single flowering period was about 2 days. (2) The pollen vitality reached the highest on the day of opening, and the single flower bloomed for 24−32 h , the corolla and stamens were easy to fall off, and the pollen was easy to lose vitality after falling off. (3) The stigma was receptive before flowering, lasting for 7 days. The strong pollen vitality and stigma receptivity had a meeting period of 1−2 days. (4) Stigma was higher than anther in bud stage, and anther was higher than stigma after flowering. Both before and after flowering, stamens and pistils had a certain spatial separation. (5) The OCl of S. rostrata was 4 and P/O was 2 108.0−195 525.0. The breeding system was mainly outcrossing and some self compatibility was required for pollination. (6) Bombus sp. was the main pollinator. Conclusion S. rostrata has short pollen life, single pollinating insect, and pollination is easily affected by cloudy and rainy weather, so the reproductive process is greatly limited. The floral syndromes such as centralized flowering mode, large amount of pollen, 5-lobed stigma and long receptive period are the basic manifestations of reproductive success. [Ch, 5 fig. 1 tab. 31 ref.] -
Key words:
- Stewartia rostrata /
- breeding system /
- floral syndrome /
- pollen vitality /
- stigma receptivity
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图 2 不同蔗糖质量浓度对长柱紫茎花粉活力的 影响
Figure 2 Effects of different sucrose concentrations on pollen viability
图 3 不同时间下长柱紫茎花粉活力
Figure 3 Pollen germination rate of S. rostrata tested in different time
图 4 长柱紫茎开花过程中柱头可授性
Figure 4 Changes in stigma receptivity of S. rostrata during flowering process
表 1 长柱紫茎的花部形态特征
Table 1. Flower characteristics of S. rostrata
花器官 平均值±标准误 花器官 平均值±标准误 花器官 平均值±标准误 花梗长/mm 5.2±1.4 萼片宽/mm 8.8±2.2 带斑的花瓣宽/mm 19.6±2.9 花冠直径/mm 50.2±11.7 花瓣数/枚 5±0 雄蕊数/枚 64.9±11.8 苞片数/片 2±0 花瓣长/mm 28.5±3.7 雄蕊长/mm 17.5±1.5 苞片长/mm 15.5±4.2 花瓣宽/mm 20.0±3.1 胚珠数/枚 18.6±2.4 苞片宽/mm 9.4±2.4 花斑长/mm 8.9±2.8 雌蕊长度/mm 14.2±1.1 萼片数/枚 5±0 花斑宽/mm 8.2±2.7 子房直径/mm 5.0±0.7 萼片长/mm 15.2±3.3 带斑的花瓣长/mm 20.2±5.7 子房长/mm 3.7±0.5 
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