Land use change and its impact on ecological quality in Xiong’an New Area
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摘要:
目的 研究雄安新区建区前后土地利用变化和生态质量动态变化,以期为雄安新区各行业建设和管理提供理论依据和数据支撑。 方法 以雄安新区3个县为研究区,基于2000、2017和2020年3期土地利用数据,利用遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index,RSEI)模型评价生态质量的时空变化特征,研究土地利用变化对生态质量的影响,探讨土地利用变化的生态效应。 结果 ①传统城镇化建设阶段(2000—2017年)土地利用类型主要由耕地向建设用地和未利用地转移,新区建设阶段(2017—2020年)土地利用类型主要由耕地和未利用地向林地转移;②2000—2017年雄安新区RSEI均值从0.62下降至0.57,生态质量总体有所退化;2020年RSEI均值增加至0.59,生态质量轻微改善;③土地利用与生态质量的分布和变化在空间上基本一致,林地、耕地面积的增减对生态质量的变化影响显著。在当前建设水平和1 km空间尺度下,未利用地转耕地面积比每增加10%,则生态质量改善的面积比约增加13%;未利用地转林地面积比每增加10%,则生态质量改善的面积比约增加7%。 结论 雄安新区应维护林地和耕地质量和数量,改善雄安新区生态质量,从而有效促进雄安新区可持续健康发展。图4表6参29 Abstract:Objective This study, with an investigation into the dynamics of land use change and ecological quality of Xiong’an New Area, is aimed to provide a theoretical basis and data support for the policy making in this area. Method With all the three counties of Xiong’an New Area included as the study area, on the basis of three intervals of land use data in 2000, 2017 and 2020, the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) model was employed in the evaluation of the spatial and temporal changes of ecological quality and the exploration of the potential effects of land use changes on ecological quality. Result (1) In the traditional urbanization stage (2000−2017), land use types mainly changed from arable land to construction land or unutilized land whereas in the new area construction stage (2017−2020), the change was mainly from arable land and unutilized land to woodland. (2) From 2000 to 2017, the average value of RSEI in Xiong’an New Area decreased from 0.62 to 0.57, with the overall ecological quality degraded while the average value of RSEI increased to 0.59 in 2020, with the ecological quality improved slightly. (3) With the distribution and changes of land use consistent with ecological quality in space, significant impact was detected of the area changes in woodland and arable land on ecological quality. (4) At the current construction level and 1 km spatial scale, the ecological quality of 13% area ratio was improved with 10% increased area ratio of unutilized land converted to arable land while the ecological quality of 7% area ratio was improved with 10% increased area ratio of unutilized land converted to woodland. Conclusion The optimization of quality and quantity of woodland and arable land can not only help maintain the ecological quality of Xiong’an New Area but also contribute to the sustainable and healthy development of this area. [Ch, 4 fig. 6 tab. 29 ref.] -
表 1 雄安新区2000—2020年土地利用面积变化特征
Table 1. Characteristics of land use area change in Xiong’an New Area from 2000 to 2020
土地利用类型 土地面积/km2 土地面积变化量/km2 2000 2017 2020 2000—2017 2017—2020 林地 64.70 45.85 295.08 −18.85 249.23 水域 27.48 27.33 50.55 −0.15 23.22 耕地 1 143.04 788.89 771.45 −354.15 −17.44 建设用地 327.09 373.94 387.59 46.85 13.65 未利用地 9.38 335.68 67.02 326.30 −268.66 表 2 雄安新区遥感生态指数主成分分析结果及各指标均值标准差统计结果
Table 2. Principal component analysis of remote sensing ecological index in Xiong’an New Area
指标 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 2000 2017 2020 均值±标准差 均值±标准差 均值±标准差 WET 0.51 0.47 −0.52 0.51 0.88±0.04 0.58±0.23 0.67±0.11 NDVI 0.52 −0.02 0.79 0.32 0.65±0.14 0.55±0.26 0.63±0.21 LST −0.42 0.85 0.31 −0.05 0.82±0.13 0.84±0.21 0.57±0.41 NDSI −0.55 −0.24 0.04 0.81 0.25±0.18 0.53±0.22 0.43±0.16 RSEI 0.62±0.14 0.57±0.23 0.59±0.21 表 3 2000—2020年雄安新区生态质量等级面积统计
Table 3. Area statistics of ecological quality grades from 2000 to 2020 in Xiong’an New Area
RSEI等级 2000年 2017年 2020年 面积/km2 百分比/% 面积/km2 百分比/% 面积/km2 百分比/% 差 11.83 0.77 19.59 1.34 9.43 0.62 较差 105.02 6.84 445.04 30.44 388.73 25.54 中等 163.89 10.67 368.33 25.20 336.85 22.14 良 402.33 26.19 275.44 18.84 419.68 27.58 优 853.05 55.53 353.47 24.18 367.10 24.12 表 4 雄安新区生态质量等级变化监测统计
Table 4. Statistics of ecological quality grade changes in Xiong’an New Area
类型 级差 2000—2017年 2017—2020年 级面积/km2 类面积/km2 百分比/% 级面积/km2 类面积/km2 百分比/% 生态退化 −4 8.28 845.00 58.18 2.71 335.99 23.06 −3 201.23 45.77 −2 278.32 63.61 −1 357.17 223.90 生态未改变 0 469.37 469.37 32.21 647.57 647.57 44.45 生态改善 1 115.70 142.62 9.83 285.26 473.44 32.49 2 18.49 137.88 3 5.62 48.28 4 2.82 2.02 表 5 雄安新区生态改善区主要土地利用类型转移方式面积比相关性分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis of the area ratio of main land use type transfer mode in improved area of Xiong’an New Area
阶段 土地利用类型
转移方式面积比相关
系数双侧显
著性样本数 2000—2017年 RLca 0.558** 0 1 455 RLwa 0.614** 0 1 455 2017—2020年 RLua 0.753** 0 1 455 RLaw −0.022 0.403 1 455 RLuw 0.488** 0 1 455 说明:RLca指建设用地转耕地面积比;RLwa指林地转耕地面积比;RLua指未利用地转耕地面积比;RLaw指耕地转林地面积比;RLuw指未利用地转林地面积比;**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。 表 6 雄安新区生态退化区主要土地利用类型转移方式面积比相关性分析
Table 6. Correlation analysis of the area ratio of main land use type transfer mode in deteriorated area of Xiong’an New Area
阶段 土地利用类型
转移方式面积比相关系数 双侧显著性 样本数 2000—2017年 RLau 0.714** 0 1455 RLac 0.289** 0 1455 2017—2020年 RLac 0.535** 0 1455 AEDa 0.557** 0 1455 说明:RLau指耕地转未利用地面积比;RLac指耕地转建设用地面积比;AEDa指耕地净退化面积比;**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。 -
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