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水稻Oryza sativa是全球重要的粮食作物,中国60%以上的人口以大米为主食。随着生活水平的提高,人们对水稻品质提出了更高的要求,水稻育种不仅要高产、稳产,生产的稻米还需具有较高的品质[1]。稻米品质是一个综合性状,NY/T 593—2013《食用稻品种品质》和GB/T 17891—2017《优质稻谷》中对稻米品质的评价包括蒸煮与食用品质(胶稠度、直链淀粉、碱消值等),碾米品质(整精米率、糙米率等),外观品质(粒长、粒形、垩白度、透明度等)等9项食用特性和理化指标[2−3]。中国稻米品质育种研究起步晚,但发展快,优质水稻品种数量和质量不断提高。邵雅芳等[4]通过对稻米品质的分析发现:中国籼稻品种近21 a来提升明显,其品质向着长粒、外观品质优和食味佳的方向发展。荆瑞勇等[5]评价了18个水稻品种品质,其中‘龙粳39’‘牡丹江32’‘空育131’的稻米品质较优。徐浩扬等[6]对40个新育成水稻品系的综合品质进行比较,发现品种改良在表观直链淀粉含量与胶稠度等指标上效果显著,且籼稻的改良效果优于粳稻。
种子活力指在广泛田间条件下,种子本身具有的决定其快速、整齐发芽及发育成正常苗的潜力,是种子重要的数量性状,也是种用价值的重要表征。在农业生产中,高活力的种子田间表现好,对不良环境的抵抗力强,具有明显的生长优势和生产潜力;低活力的种子在适宜条件下发芽缓慢,生长速率低,在不良环境条件下出苗不整齐,甚至不出苗[7−8]。崔婷等[9]对杂交水稻种子进行比重分级,发现高活力种子能够充分发挥增产潜力。田间表现好的种子产量高,且稻米品质潜力大,但有关水稻种子活力与稻米品质间关系的研究鲜见报道。探究水稻种子活力与稻米品质性状间的关系,能为筛选出优质水稻品种提供指导。因此,本研究以12个常规粳稻和12个杂交籼稻品种为材料,测定标准发芽、低温胁迫发芽和加速老化发芽试验下的种子活力,进一步分析糙米率、整精米率、垩白度、透明度、胶稠度、直链淀粉质量分数、蛋白质质量分数等指标间的关系,以期为培育种子质量高、稻米品质优的水稻新品种提供理论依据。
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由表1可知:不同品种的稻米品质存在显著差异(P<0.05)。不同常规粳稻的糙米率为80.3%~84.3%,其中,‘武运粳23’‘扬粳4227’‘南粳9108’的糙米率均超过83.0%,‘宁81’的糙米率最低,为80.3%。‘武运粳23’的整精米率最高,为66.9%,‘扬粳糯1号’的整精米率最低,为40.2%,整精米率超过65.0%的品种为‘沈农702’‘武运粳23’‘南粳9108’。不同常规粳稻的垩白度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,‘07-17粳稻’的垩白度最高,为6.2%,‘秀水134’的垩白度最低,为0.6%,垩白度低于1.0%的品种为‘沈农702’‘秀水134’‘常农粳7号’。除‘南粳9108’的透明度为3级外,其余的品种透明度的等级均为1~2级。不同常规粳稻的胶稠度为69.5~90.5 mm,胶稠度超过80.0 mm的品种为‘武运粳23’‘扬粳4227’‘扬粳糯1号’‘宁81’‘南粳9108’。除‘扬粳糯1号’和‘南粳9108’的直链淀粉质量分数低于100.0 g·kg−1外,其余品种的直链淀粉质量分数为146.6~164.1 g·kg−1。将‘沈农702’归为2级大米,‘秀水134’‘武运粳23’‘扬粳4227’‘沈农9816’归为3级大米,‘扬粳糯1号’‘浙粳88’‘宁81’‘07-17粳稻’‘沈农265’‘常农粳7号’‘南粳9108’归为普通大米。
表 1 常规粳稻与杂交籼稻品质测定结果
Table 1. Conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice quality measurement results
品种类型 品种名称 糙米率/
%整精米
率/%垩白度/
%透明度 胶稠度/
mm直链淀粉质量
分数/(g·kg−1)蛋白质质量
分数/(g·kg−1)评级 常规粳稻 ‘沈农702’ 82.6±3.4 abcd 66.0±4.0 a 0.9±0.1 kl 1 72.5±2.5 efg 159.3±9.5 bcde 83.6±8.8 cde 2 ‘秀水134’ 80.7±1.7 abcd 64.2±2.3 a 0.6±0.1 l 1 75.5±6.9 cdef 156.7±8.2 cde 86.3±6.1 cde 3 ‘武运粳23’ 83.2±2.6 abc 66.9±2.3 a 3.5±0.3 d 1 80.5±2.6 bcde 164.1±10.7 bcd 79.7±5.7 de 3 ‘扬粳4227’ 84.0±3.4 ab 63.7±3.3 ab 3.5±0.3 d 1 82.0±3.2 bcde 154.8±13.6 cdef 82.2±2.2 de 3 ‘沈农9816’ 81.3±3.1 abcd 63.0±2.8 abc 3.4±0.3 d 2 75.0±0.9 defg 153.8±12.5 cdefg 88.1±4.1 cd 3 ‘扬粳糯1号’ 81.8±2.7 abcd 40.2±2.4 g − − 90.5±2.2 a 31.0±3.5 k 80.8±2.2 de 普通 ‘浙粳88’ 82.1±3.1 abcd 62.9±2.8 abc 2.8±0.3 efg 2 78.5±2.2 cde 159.0±10.6 bcde 81.0±8.1 de 普通 ‘宁81’ 80.3±1.8 abcd 59.5±2.5 bcd 2.5±0.3 fg 1 81.0±3.5 bcde 157.7±10.1 bcde 81.0±11.2 de 普通 ‘07-17粳稻’ 81.0±1.9 abcd 58.7±2.3 cd 6.2±0.5 b 1 76.5±1.2 cdef 149.5±9.0 cdefg 92.0±6.4 bcd 普通 ‘沈农265’ 82.2±1.6 abcd 58.7±2.1 cd 1.9±0.2 hi 2 77.5±4.3 cdef 146.6±9.4 defgh 84.8±5.5 cde 普通 ‘常农粳7号’ 81.0±1.2 abcd 58.0±2.1 cd 0.9±0.1 kl 1 69.5±1.8 fgh 164.1±13.6 bcd 86.3±6.0 cde 普通 ‘南粳9108’ 84.3±1.5 a 66.1±2.9 a 3.2±0.3 de 3 83.5±2.2 abcd 72.1±7.2 j 83.4±6.0 de 普通 杂交籼稻 ‘广两优4号’ 82.3±2.7 abcd 55.4±2.7 de 1.3±0.1 jk 2 88.5±3.8 ab 172.2±11.1 bc 81.9±6.1 de 2 ‘两优0367’ 82.7±2.0 abcd 58.9±1.9 de 2.3±0.2 gh 1 81.0±1.5 bcde 181.0±10.1 b 72.8±5.8 e 2 ‘丰两优9号’ 82.3±1.9 abcd 58.7±2.4 cd 1.8±0.2 hij 1 75.5±6.6 def 139.2±8.5 efghi 92.6±6.0 bcd 2 ‘浙Y两优689’ 81.3±2.8 abcd 54.5±2.7 cd 1.0±0.1 kl 1 64.5±2.7 hi 151.9±7.9 cdefg 109.7±6.4 a 3 ‘Y两优900’ 79.0±1.7 cd 54.4±2.4 de 5.0±0.4 c 2 78.5±7.2 cde 131.4±9.1 fghi 98.1±5.7 abc 3 ‘晶两优华占’ 81.8±1.8 abcd 65.0±4.0 de 5.0±0.4 c 2 85.0±7.6 abc 129.5±7.7 ghi 86.0±4.5 cd 3 ‘两优688’ 78.2±1.2 d 44.0±3.0 gh 3.5±0.3 d 1 74.5±6.7 efg 138.1±8.3 efghi 100.3±4.9 abc 普通 ‘两优3905’ 81.4±2.2 abcd 43.0±2.9 gh 1.7±0.1 ij 1 76.5±6.5 efg 141.9±7.7 defgh 92.1±5.8 cd 普通 ‘准两优608’ 80.1±1.8 abcd 47.5±2.7 f 3.3±0.3 de 1 80.5±4.1 bcde 252.8±15.2 a 91.0±5.1 cd 普通 ‘江Y两优689’ 80.3±2.8 abcd 52.6±2.6 e 5.3±0.4 c 2 67.5±2.0 ghi 146.2±6.4 degfh 100.0±3.6 abc 普通 ‘Y两优1128’ 78.9±1.9 cd 46.9±2.8 fg 3.1±0.2 def 2 62.0±3.5 i 117.0±3.8 i 98.9±2.9 abc 普通 ‘C两优华占’ 79.6±1.6 bcd 23.3±2.0 i 8.2±0.7 a 3 61.0±3.5 i 125.7±4.9 hi 107.0±3.8 ab 普通 说明:不同小写字母表示同一指标不同品种间差异显著(P<0.05),−表示未测得数据。 不同杂交籼稻的糙米率为78.2%~82.7%,其中,‘广两优4号’‘两优0367’‘丰两优9号’的糙米率均超过82.0%,‘两优688’的糙米率最低。‘C两优华占’的整精米率最低,为23.3%,‘晶两优华占’的整精米率最高,为65.0%,整精米率超过55.0%的品种为‘广两优4号’‘两优0367’‘丰两优9号’‘晶两优华占’。在不同杂交籼稻中,垩白度的差异显著(P<0.05)。其中,‘C两优华占’的垩白度最高,为8.2%,‘浙Y两优689’的垩白度最低,为1.0%。‘C两优华占’的透明度为3级,其余的品种透明度的等级均为1~2级。不同杂交籼稻的胶稠度为61.0~88.5 mm,胶稠度超过80.0 mm的品种为‘广两优4号’‘两优0367’‘晶两优华占’‘准两优608’。杂交籼稻的直链淀粉质量分数为117.0~252.8 g·kg−1。将‘广两优4号’‘两优0367’‘丰两优9号’归为2级大米,‘浙Y两优689’‘Y两优900’‘晶两优华占’归为3级大米,其余品种归为普通大米。
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将稻米评级为2、3级的品种归为优质米,其余品种为普通米(表1)。由表2可知:不同常规粳稻品种间种子活力差异显著(P<0.05)。基于发芽率和发芽势的结果分析,优质米之间差异不显著,普通米之间差异显著,且优质米发芽率总体高于普通米。发芽率超过90.0%的品种为‘沈农702’‘武运粳23’‘扬粳4227’‘沈农9816’‘沈农265’‘南粳9108’,发芽势超过85.0%的品种为‘沈农702’‘武运粳23’‘沈农9816’‘沈农265’‘南粳9108’。从发芽指数上看,优质米品种间发芽指数分布较普通米更均匀。不同常规粳稻品种的发芽指数为15.6~24.8,其中发芽指数超过20的品种为‘沈农702’‘扬粳4227’‘沈农9816’‘沈农265’‘南粳9108’。基于活力指数和简易活力指数的结果分析,优质米活力指数显著高于普通米(P<0.05)。其中,‘沈农702’‘扬粳4227’‘沈农9816’‘沈农265’的活力指数和简易活力指数均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。从平均发芽时间上看,优质米的平均发芽时间低于普通米。除‘沈农265’的平均发芽时间低于4 d外,其他品种的平均发芽时间为4.0~4.9 d。从低温发芽试验和加速老化试验的结果来看,优质米发芽率高于普通米。
表 2 常规粳稻与杂交籼稻种子活力测定结果比较
Table 2. Comparison of the results of seed viability determination between conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice
品种类型 品种名称 发芽率/
%发芽势/
%发芽指数 活力指数 简易活力
指数平均发芽
时间/d低温发
芽率/%老化发芽
率/%常规粳稻 ‘沈农702’ 98.0±0.0 a 88.0±4.0 ab 24.3±0.2 a 2.8±0.1 ab 11.4±0.3 ab 4.1±0.0 f 96.0±2.0 a 90.0±5.3 a ‘秀水134’ 88.0±5.3 abc 62.7±20.1 cd 19.8±1.5 bc 1.9±0.4 cd 8.5±1.7 bc 4.5±0.2 bcd 82.0±5.3 bc 75.3±7.6 b ‘武运粳23’ 90.7±5.0 ab 89.3±4.2 a 19.7±1.7 bc 1.8±0.4 cd 8.4±1.6 bc 4.7±0.1 ab 83.3±5.8 abc 88.7±4.2 a ‘扬粳4227’ 96.7±1.2 a 64.0±10.6 bcd 22.6±0.8 ab 2.7±0.4 ab 11.7±1.4 a 4.3±0.1 cde 92.0±2.0 ab 87.3±3.1 a ‘沈农9816’ 97.3±1.2 a 90.7±2.3 a 24.2±0.2 a 2.9±0.2 a 11.7±0.6 a 4.0±0.0 f 96.0±2.0 a 94.0±2.0 a ‘扬粳糯1号’ − − − − − − − − ‘浙粳88’ 75.3±8.1 cd 69.3±11.0 abcd 15.6±1.7 d 1.2±0.1 d 5.7±0.6 cd 4.9±0.1 a 59.3±6.4 e 55.3±3.1 c ‘宁81’ 72.7±16.3 d 38.7±6.1 e 16.2±3.5 cd 1.5±0.6 cd 6.6±2.5 cd 4.6±0.0 bc 62.7±9.5 de 68.7±3.1 b ‘07-17粳稻’ 78.0±0.0 bcd 68.7±16.2 abcd 17.4±0.6 cd 1.8±0.2 cd 7.8±0.7 cd 4.6±0.1 bc 73.3±1.2 cd 56.7±9.5 c ‘沈农265’ 98.0±2.0 a 90.0±8.7 a 24.8±2.5 a 2.8±0.2 ab 11.2±0.2 ab 3.8±0.2 g 94.0±6.0 ab 92.7±1.2 a ‘常农粳7号’ 75.3±6.1 cd 60.0±7.2 de 17.9±1.6 cd 1.2±0.4 d 5.2±1.7 d 4.3±0.0 def 59.3±7.0 e 14.0±5.3 d ‘南粳9108’ 98.7±1.2 a 86.0±3.5 abc 24.2±0.4 a 2.1±0.1 bc 8.6±0.4 bc 4.1±0.0 ef 95.3±3.1 a 92.7±3.1 a 杂交籼稻 ‘广两优4号’ 75.3±5.0 d 52.7±14.7 c 17.7±1.4 ef 1.7±0.3 ef 7.1±1.0 ef 4.3±0.3 ab 65.3±4.2 e 79.3±4.2 b ‘两优0367’ 94.0±4.0 ab 89.3±8.3 a 23.8±1.4 ab 3.5±0.4 ab 13.7±1.4 ab 4.0±0.1 b 82.0±2.0 ab 88.7±5.8 ab ‘丰两优9号’ 88.7±1.2 abc 80.0±4.0 ab 24.2±1.0 ab 3.0±0.1 abc 11.0±0.6 cd 3.8±0.1 b 81.3±4.6 abc 86.7±6.1 ab ‘浙Y两优689’ 88.0±2.0 abc 73.3±3.1 abc 21.6±0.5 bcd 2.2±0.3 de 8.9±1.1 def 4.1±0.0 b 81.3±1.2 abc 86.0±5.3 ab ‘Y两优900’ 94.7±1.2 ab 70.0±22.7 abc 27.2±0.9 a 3.4±0.1 ab 11.8±0.6 bc 3.7±0.2 b 90.0±2.0 a 94.7±1.2 a ‘晶两优华占’ 98.7±1.2 a 92.7±2.3 a 24.5±0.2 ab 3.7±0.1 a 14.8±0.6 a 4.0±0.0 b 69.3±6.4 de 94.0±4.0 a ‘两优688’ 93.3±3.1 ab 86.0±6.0 a 23.5±0.7 bc 2.7±0.4 bcd 10.9±1.4 cd 4.0±0.1 b 87.3±3.1 a 92.0±2.0 ab ‘两优3905’ 82.7±5.0 bcd 70.7±3.1 abc 20.2±1.0 cde 2.3±0.3 cde 9.4±1.4 cde 4.2±0.1 b 76.0±5.3 bcd 83.3±8.1 ab ‘准两优608’ 80.0±6.9 cd 59.3±4.2 bc 18.8±1.3 def 1.8±0.2 ef 7.8±1.1 ef 4.4±0.1 ab 72.7±3.1 cde 78.0±10.0 b ‘江Y两优689’ 84.0±2.0 bcd 56.0±17.4 bc 19.3±1.5 def 1.8±0.3 ef 8.0±1.3 ef 4.5±0.5 ab 73.3±3.1 bcde 87.3±3.1 ab ‘Y两优1128’ 78.0±3.5 cd 54.0±6.0 bc 16.2±2.7 f 1.4±0.5 f 6.6±1.3 f 5.0±0.9 a 56.7±2.3 f 78.0±4.0 b ‘C两优华占’ 38.7±11.0 e 28.7±7.6 d 9.1±2.5 g 0.6±0.1 g 2.3±0.6 g 4.3±0.1 ab 25.3±1.2 g 50.7±7.0 c 说明:不同小写字母表示同一指标不同品种间差异显著(P<0.05),−表示未测得数据。 不同杂交籼稻品种间的活力差异显著(P<0.05)。从发芽率来看,优质米的发芽率普遍高于普通米。发芽率超过90.0%的品种为‘晶两优华占’‘Y两优900’‘两优0367’‘两优688’。在发芽势方面,虽然优质米和普通米品种间的分布较为散乱,但整体上优质米的发芽势仍然高于普通米。不同杂交籼稻品种的发芽指数为9.1~27.2。发芽指数超过20的品种为‘两优0367’‘丰两优9号’‘浙Y两优689’‘Y两优900’‘晶两优华占’‘两优688’‘两优3905’,说明这些品种具有较强的发芽能力。在活力指数和简易活力指数方面,优质米的活力指数普遍高于普通米。‘晶两优华占’‘两优0367’‘Y两优900’‘丰两优9号’的活力指数和简易活力指数均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。从平均发芽时间来看,优质米的平均发芽时间相对较短,体现了优质米在发芽速度上的优势。除了‘丰两优9号’和‘Y两优900’的平均发芽时间低于4 d外,其他品种的平均发芽时间均为4.0~5.0 d。基于低温发芽试验和加速老化试验的结果分析,优质米在逆境条件下的发芽率也普遍高于普通米,说明优质米对不良环境具有较好的适应性。综上所述,不同品种粳稻与杂交籼稻间种子活力存在显著差异(P<0.05),优质米在发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及逆境发芽率等方面的表现均优于普通米。
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对常规粳稻与杂交籼稻种子活力指标t检验(表3)表明:在常规粳稻中,优质米和普通米的活力指数(P=0.044)和简易活力指数(P=0.031)差异显著。杂交籼稻中优质米和普通米的活力指数(P=0.032)和平均发芽时间(P=0.046)差异显著,其他指标的差异不显著。
表 3 常规粳稻和杂交籼稻优质米和普通米各指标的差异显著性比较
Table 3. Comparison of the significant differences in various indexes between quality and common rice of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice
水稻类型 P 发芽率 发芽势 发芽指数 活力指数 简易活力指数 平均发芽时间 低温发芽率 老化发芽率 常规粳稻 0.121 0.169 0.134 0.044* 0.031* 0.856 0.071 0.051 杂交籼稻 0.135 0.109 0.051 0.032* 0.052 0.046* 0.209 0.148 说明:*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 -
由表4可知:常规粳稻整精米率与各项活力指标显著相关(P<0.05),胶稠度与发芽率、发芽指数显著相关(P<0.05),直链淀粉质量分数与发芽率、发芽指数显著相关(P<0.05)。杂交籼稻整精米率与各项活力指标显著相关(P<0.05),垩白度与低温发芽率显著相关(P<0.05),透明度与发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、低温发芽率显著相关(P<0.05),胶稠度与活力指数、简易活力指数显著相关(P<0.05)。
表 4 常规粳稻与杂交籼稻种子活力与稻米品质指标相关性分析结果
Table 4. Results of correlation analysis of seed vigor and quality indexes of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice
品种类型 指标 发芽率 发芽势 发芽指数 活力指数 简易活力指数 低温发芽率 老化发芽率 常规粳稻 糙米率 0.291 0.366 0.310 0.313 0.309 0.343 0.414 整精米率 0.927* 0.843* 0.865* 0.712* 0.768* 0.886* 0.803* 垩白度 −0.104 0.064 −0.176 −0.037 0.022 −0.004 0.098 透明度 0.377 0.476 0.407 0.169 0.107 0.327 0.336 胶稠度 −0.584* −0.561 −0.579* −0.455 −0.460 −0.508 −0.178 直链淀粉 0.667* 0.544 0.587* 0.510 0.575 0.571 0.407 蛋白质 0.256 0.290 0.293 0.304 0.286 0.284 0.026 杂交籼稻 糙米率 0.196 0.320 0.191 0.314 0.346 0.124 0.145 整精米率 0.841* 0. 719* 0.779* 0.757* 0.792* 0.678* 0.819* 垩白度 −0.495 −0.439 −0.390 −0.260 −0.303 −0.577* −0.441 透明度 −0.631* −0.671* −0.576* −0.474 −0.505 −0.758* −0.554 胶稠度 0.491 0.487 0.519 0.583* 0.592* 0.440 0.481 直链淀粉 0.057 −0.002 0.001 −0.042 −0.008 0.179 −0.022 蛋白质 −0.368 −0.419 −0.323 −0.478 −0.525 −0.245 −0.314 说明:*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Correlation research between rice quality traits and seed vigor in different types of rice cultivars
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摘要:
目的 种子活力的高低与作物出苗性能、群体质量、产量和品质潜力密切相关。通过研究不同水稻Oryza sativa品种稻米品质性状与种子活力的相关性,揭示种子活力对稻米品质的影响,并筛选出优质水稻品种,为农业生产提供指导。 方法 以12个常规粳稻和12个杂交籼稻品种为供试材料,测定不同发芽条件下的种子活力及糙米率、整精米率、垩白度、透明度、胶稠度、直链淀粉质量分数、蛋白质质量分数等品质指标,并分析其差异性与相关性,探究种子活力与品质性状间的关系。 结果 不同水稻类型和品种间的种子活力和稻米品质存在差异,品质优的品种在糙米率、整精米率、垩白度、透明度、胶稠度等方面具有显著优势。其中‘沈农702’‘沈农9816’‘两优0367’‘Y两优900’‘晶两优华占’的发芽指数为23.8~27.2,活力指数为2.8~3.7,糙米率为79.0%~82.7%,整精米率为54.4%~66.0%,与其他水稻品种相比,种子活力较高,品质较好。稻米品质与活力指标呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其中整精米率与活力指数相关度在常规粳稻和杂交籼稻中均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。 结论 水稻种子活力高的品种具有更好的稻米品质,综合各指标,‘沈农9816’‘沈农702’‘两优0367’‘晶两优华占’‘Y两优900’可推广种植和应用。表4参32 Abstract:Objective The level of seed vigor is closely related to crop emergence performance, population quality, yield and quality potential. By studying the correlation between rice quality traits and seed vigor in different types of Oryza sativa cultivars, this research aims to preliminarily reveal the effect of seed vigor on rice quality, and screen out high-quality rice cultivars to provide guidance for agricultural production. Method 12 conventional japonica rice and 12 hybrid indica rice cultivars were used as test materials to determine seed vigor and quality indexes such as brown rice rate, whole semolina rate, chalky whiteness, transparency, gel consistency, straight-chain starch quality fraction and protein quality fraction under different germination conditions, and analyze their differences and correlations to investigate the relationship between seed vigor and quality traits. Result There were significant differences in seed vigor and rice quality among different rice types and cultivars, and cultivars with excellent quality had significant advantages in brown rice rate, whole semolina rate, chalky whiteness, transparency and gel consistency. Among them, ‘Shennong 702’ ‘Shennong 9816’ ‘Liangyou 0367’ ‘Y-liangyou 900’ ‘Jingliangyou Huazhan’ had germination indexes of 23.8 − 27.2, vigor indexes of 2.8 − 3.7, brown rice rates of 79.0% − 82.7%, and whole semolina rates of 54.4%−66.0%, which had higher seed vigor and better quality compared with other rice cultivars. There was a significant positive correlation between rice quality and vigor index, in which the correlation between the whole refined rice rate and vigor index reached a significant level in both conventional japonica and hybrid indica rice. Conclusion Rice cultivars with high seed vigor have better rice quality. Considering all the indexes, ‘Shennong 9816’ ‘Shennong 702’ ‘Liangyou 0367’ ‘Jingliangyou Huazhan’ ‘Y-liangyou 900’ can be promoted for cultivation and application. [Ch, 4 tab. 32 ref.] -
Key words:
- Oryza sativa /
- seed vigor /
- rice quality /
- correlation analysis
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表 1 常规粳稻与杂交籼稻品质测定结果
Table 1. Conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice quality measurement results
品种类型 品种名称 糙米率/
%整精米
率/%垩白度/
%透明度 胶稠度/
mm直链淀粉质量
分数/(g·kg−1)蛋白质质量
分数/(g·kg−1)评级 常规粳稻 ‘沈农702’ 82.6±3.4 abcd 66.0±4.0 a 0.9±0.1 kl 1 72.5±2.5 efg 159.3±9.5 bcde 83.6±8.8 cde 2 ‘秀水134’ 80.7±1.7 abcd 64.2±2.3 a 0.6±0.1 l 1 75.5±6.9 cdef 156.7±8.2 cde 86.3±6.1 cde 3 ‘武运粳23’ 83.2±2.6 abc 66.9±2.3 a 3.5±0.3 d 1 80.5±2.6 bcde 164.1±10.7 bcd 79.7±5.7 de 3 ‘扬粳4227’ 84.0±3.4 ab 63.7±3.3 ab 3.5±0.3 d 1 82.0±3.2 bcde 154.8±13.6 cdef 82.2±2.2 de 3 ‘沈农9816’ 81.3±3.1 abcd 63.0±2.8 abc 3.4±0.3 d 2 75.0±0.9 defg 153.8±12.5 cdefg 88.1±4.1 cd 3 ‘扬粳糯1号’ 81.8±2.7 abcd 40.2±2.4 g − − 90.5±2.2 a 31.0±3.5 k 80.8±2.2 de 普通 ‘浙粳88’ 82.1±3.1 abcd 62.9±2.8 abc 2.8±0.3 efg 2 78.5±2.2 cde 159.0±10.6 bcde 81.0±8.1 de 普通 ‘宁81’ 80.3±1.8 abcd 59.5±2.5 bcd 2.5±0.3 fg 1 81.0±3.5 bcde 157.7±10.1 bcde 81.0±11.2 de 普通 ‘07-17粳稻’ 81.0±1.9 abcd 58.7±2.3 cd 6.2±0.5 b 1 76.5±1.2 cdef 149.5±9.0 cdefg 92.0±6.4 bcd 普通 ‘沈农265’ 82.2±1.6 abcd 58.7±2.1 cd 1.9±0.2 hi 2 77.5±4.3 cdef 146.6±9.4 defgh 84.8±5.5 cde 普通 ‘常农粳7号’ 81.0±1.2 abcd 58.0±2.1 cd 0.9±0.1 kl 1 69.5±1.8 fgh 164.1±13.6 bcd 86.3±6.0 cde 普通 ‘南粳9108’ 84.3±1.5 a 66.1±2.9 a 3.2±0.3 de 3 83.5±2.2 abcd 72.1±7.2 j 83.4±6.0 de 普通 杂交籼稻 ‘广两优4号’ 82.3±2.7 abcd 55.4±2.7 de 1.3±0.1 jk 2 88.5±3.8 ab 172.2±11.1 bc 81.9±6.1 de 2 ‘两优0367’ 82.7±2.0 abcd 58.9±1.9 de 2.3±0.2 gh 1 81.0±1.5 bcde 181.0±10.1 b 72.8±5.8 e 2 ‘丰两优9号’ 82.3±1.9 abcd 58.7±2.4 cd 1.8±0.2 hij 1 75.5±6.6 def 139.2±8.5 efghi 92.6±6.0 bcd 2 ‘浙Y两优689’ 81.3±2.8 abcd 54.5±2.7 cd 1.0±0.1 kl 1 64.5±2.7 hi 151.9±7.9 cdefg 109.7±6.4 a 3 ‘Y两优900’ 79.0±1.7 cd 54.4±2.4 de 5.0±0.4 c 2 78.5±7.2 cde 131.4±9.1 fghi 98.1±5.7 abc 3 ‘晶两优华占’ 81.8±1.8 abcd 65.0±4.0 de 5.0±0.4 c 2 85.0±7.6 abc 129.5±7.7 ghi 86.0±4.5 cd 3 ‘两优688’ 78.2±1.2 d 44.0±3.0 gh 3.5±0.3 d 1 74.5±6.7 efg 138.1±8.3 efghi 100.3±4.9 abc 普通 ‘两优3905’ 81.4±2.2 abcd 43.0±2.9 gh 1.7±0.1 ij 1 76.5±6.5 efg 141.9±7.7 defgh 92.1±5.8 cd 普通 ‘准两优608’ 80.1±1.8 abcd 47.5±2.7 f 3.3±0.3 de 1 80.5±4.1 bcde 252.8±15.2 a 91.0±5.1 cd 普通 ‘江Y两优689’ 80.3±2.8 abcd 52.6±2.6 e 5.3±0.4 c 2 67.5±2.0 ghi 146.2±6.4 degfh 100.0±3.6 abc 普通 ‘Y两优1128’ 78.9±1.9 cd 46.9±2.8 fg 3.1±0.2 def 2 62.0±3.5 i 117.0±3.8 i 98.9±2.9 abc 普通 ‘C两优华占’ 79.6±1.6 bcd 23.3±2.0 i 8.2±0.7 a 3 61.0±3.5 i 125.7±4.9 hi 107.0±3.8 ab 普通 说明:不同小写字母表示同一指标不同品种间差异显著(P<0.05),−表示未测得数据。 表 2 常规粳稻与杂交籼稻种子活力测定结果比较
Table 2. Comparison of the results of seed viability determination between conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice
品种类型 品种名称 发芽率/
%发芽势/
%发芽指数 活力指数 简易活力
指数平均发芽
时间/d低温发
芽率/%老化发芽
率/%常规粳稻 ‘沈农702’ 98.0±0.0 a 88.0±4.0 ab 24.3±0.2 a 2.8±0.1 ab 11.4±0.3 ab 4.1±0.0 f 96.0±2.0 a 90.0±5.3 a ‘秀水134’ 88.0±5.3 abc 62.7±20.1 cd 19.8±1.5 bc 1.9±0.4 cd 8.5±1.7 bc 4.5±0.2 bcd 82.0±5.3 bc 75.3±7.6 b ‘武运粳23’ 90.7±5.0 ab 89.3±4.2 a 19.7±1.7 bc 1.8±0.4 cd 8.4±1.6 bc 4.7±0.1 ab 83.3±5.8 abc 88.7±4.2 a ‘扬粳4227’ 96.7±1.2 a 64.0±10.6 bcd 22.6±0.8 ab 2.7±0.4 ab 11.7±1.4 a 4.3±0.1 cde 92.0±2.0 ab 87.3±3.1 a ‘沈农9816’ 97.3±1.2 a 90.7±2.3 a 24.2±0.2 a 2.9±0.2 a 11.7±0.6 a 4.0±0.0 f 96.0±2.0 a 94.0±2.0 a ‘扬粳糯1号’ − − − − − − − − ‘浙粳88’ 75.3±8.1 cd 69.3±11.0 abcd 15.6±1.7 d 1.2±0.1 d 5.7±0.6 cd 4.9±0.1 a 59.3±6.4 e 55.3±3.1 c ‘宁81’ 72.7±16.3 d 38.7±6.1 e 16.2±3.5 cd 1.5±0.6 cd 6.6±2.5 cd 4.6±0.0 bc 62.7±9.5 de 68.7±3.1 b ‘07-17粳稻’ 78.0±0.0 bcd 68.7±16.2 abcd 17.4±0.6 cd 1.8±0.2 cd 7.8±0.7 cd 4.6±0.1 bc 73.3±1.2 cd 56.7±9.5 c ‘沈农265’ 98.0±2.0 a 90.0±8.7 a 24.8±2.5 a 2.8±0.2 ab 11.2±0.2 ab 3.8±0.2 g 94.0±6.0 ab 92.7±1.2 a ‘常农粳7号’ 75.3±6.1 cd 60.0±7.2 de 17.9±1.6 cd 1.2±0.4 d 5.2±1.7 d 4.3±0.0 def 59.3±7.0 e 14.0±5.3 d ‘南粳9108’ 98.7±1.2 a 86.0±3.5 abc 24.2±0.4 a 2.1±0.1 bc 8.6±0.4 bc 4.1±0.0 ef 95.3±3.1 a 92.7±3.1 a 杂交籼稻 ‘广两优4号’ 75.3±5.0 d 52.7±14.7 c 17.7±1.4 ef 1.7±0.3 ef 7.1±1.0 ef 4.3±0.3 ab 65.3±4.2 e 79.3±4.2 b ‘两优0367’ 94.0±4.0 ab 89.3±8.3 a 23.8±1.4 ab 3.5±0.4 ab 13.7±1.4 ab 4.0±0.1 b 82.0±2.0 ab 88.7±5.8 ab ‘丰两优9号’ 88.7±1.2 abc 80.0±4.0 ab 24.2±1.0 ab 3.0±0.1 abc 11.0±0.6 cd 3.8±0.1 b 81.3±4.6 abc 86.7±6.1 ab ‘浙Y两优689’ 88.0±2.0 abc 73.3±3.1 abc 21.6±0.5 bcd 2.2±0.3 de 8.9±1.1 def 4.1±0.0 b 81.3±1.2 abc 86.0±5.3 ab ‘Y两优900’ 94.7±1.2 ab 70.0±22.7 abc 27.2±0.9 a 3.4±0.1 ab 11.8±0.6 bc 3.7±0.2 b 90.0±2.0 a 94.7±1.2 a ‘晶两优华占’ 98.7±1.2 a 92.7±2.3 a 24.5±0.2 ab 3.7±0.1 a 14.8±0.6 a 4.0±0.0 b 69.3±6.4 de 94.0±4.0 a ‘两优688’ 93.3±3.1 ab 86.0±6.0 a 23.5±0.7 bc 2.7±0.4 bcd 10.9±1.4 cd 4.0±0.1 b 87.3±3.1 a 92.0±2.0 ab ‘两优3905’ 82.7±5.0 bcd 70.7±3.1 abc 20.2±1.0 cde 2.3±0.3 cde 9.4±1.4 cde 4.2±0.1 b 76.0±5.3 bcd 83.3±8.1 ab ‘准两优608’ 80.0±6.9 cd 59.3±4.2 bc 18.8±1.3 def 1.8±0.2 ef 7.8±1.1 ef 4.4±0.1 ab 72.7±3.1 cde 78.0±10.0 b ‘江Y两优689’ 84.0±2.0 bcd 56.0±17.4 bc 19.3±1.5 def 1.8±0.3 ef 8.0±1.3 ef 4.5±0.5 ab 73.3±3.1 bcde 87.3±3.1 ab ‘Y两优1128’ 78.0±3.5 cd 54.0±6.0 bc 16.2±2.7 f 1.4±0.5 f 6.6±1.3 f 5.0±0.9 a 56.7±2.3 f 78.0±4.0 b ‘C两优华占’ 38.7±11.0 e 28.7±7.6 d 9.1±2.5 g 0.6±0.1 g 2.3±0.6 g 4.3±0.1 ab 25.3±1.2 g 50.7±7.0 c 说明:不同小写字母表示同一指标不同品种间差异显著(P<0.05),−表示未测得数据。 表 3 常规粳稻和杂交籼稻优质米和普通米各指标的差异显著性比较
Table 3. Comparison of the significant differences in various indexes between quality and common rice of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice
水稻类型 P 发芽率 发芽势 发芽指数 活力指数 简易活力指数 平均发芽时间 低温发芽率 老化发芽率 常规粳稻 0.121 0.169 0.134 0.044* 0.031* 0.856 0.071 0.051 杂交籼稻 0.135 0.109 0.051 0.032* 0.052 0.046* 0.209 0.148 说明:*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 表 4 常规粳稻与杂交籼稻种子活力与稻米品质指标相关性分析结果
Table 4. Results of correlation analysis of seed vigor and quality indexes of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice
品种类型 指标 发芽率 发芽势 发芽指数 活力指数 简易活力指数 低温发芽率 老化发芽率 常规粳稻 糙米率 0.291 0.366 0.310 0.313 0.309 0.343 0.414 整精米率 0.927* 0.843* 0.865* 0.712* 0.768* 0.886* 0.803* 垩白度 −0.104 0.064 −0.176 −0.037 0.022 −0.004 0.098 透明度 0.377 0.476 0.407 0.169 0.107 0.327 0.336 胶稠度 −0.584* −0.561 −0.579* −0.455 −0.460 −0.508 −0.178 直链淀粉 0.667* 0.544 0.587* 0.510 0.575 0.571 0.407 蛋白质 0.256 0.290 0.293 0.304 0.286 0.284 0.026 杂交籼稻 糙米率 0.196 0.320 0.191 0.314 0.346 0.124 0.145 整精米率 0.841* 0. 719* 0.779* 0.757* 0.792* 0.678* 0.819* 垩白度 −0.495 −0.439 −0.390 −0.260 −0.303 −0.577* −0.441 透明度 −0.631* −0.671* −0.576* −0.474 −0.505 −0.758* −0.554 胶稠度 0.491 0.487 0.519 0.583* 0.592* 0.440 0.481 直链淀粉 0.057 −0.002 0.001 −0.042 −0.008 0.179 −0.022 蛋白质 −0.368 −0.419 −0.323 −0.478 −0.525 −0.245 −0.314 说明:*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 -
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