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20世纪80年代以来,随着湿地破坏的日益加重和湿地生态系统重要性的不断显现,在世界范围内开展了大规模的湿地自然恢复工作。由于湿地种子库保存着不同演替阶段种子,不仅是植被天然更新的物质基础,也是种群基因的潜在提供者[1-2],因此,关于湿地种子库的研究也相应展开,研究内容涉及种子库的大小和物种组成,种子库的分布格局、与地上植被的关系,干扰对湿地种子库的影响,种子库在湿地恢复中的作用等方面。在国内,中国科学院武汉植物园对长江中下游湿地土壤种子库[3-5],中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所对三江平原湿地土壤种子库都开展了大量研究[6-7],高原湿地[8]、滨海湿地[9]等种子库研究也陆续有一些展开。综述前人研究结果发现:当前的湿地土壤种子库研究存在一些问题,例如采样时大都选择狭义种子库的概念,而湿地植物有很大一部分采用无性繁殖的方式,这对研究结果造成一定影响;在利用种子库进行植被恢复时,缺少对生境条件的恢复,直接影响了恢复结果。因此,在本研究中对湿地种子库研究中几个常见问题进行了探讨。
Several topics on wetland seeds bank research
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摘要: 湿地种子库研究对于生物多样性保护、湿地恢复和管理具有重要意义。国内外开展了大量湿地种子库以及利用种子库进行湿地植被恢复的研究,但是也存在一些问题。在分析了国内外湿地种子库研究的基础上,指出无性繁殖在湿地生态系统中广泛存在,而且很多优势物种以无性繁殖为主要的繁殖方式,因此,在湿地种子库研究中,采用广义种子库的概念更为科学。此外,干扰因素,尤其是水文条件变化对湿地种子库的影响非常大。水位的高低,洪水的强度、持续时间和频率都会显著影响种子库的物种组成和种子萌发格局,进而对地表植物群落产生影响。研究事实证明,在利用种子库进行湿地恢复时,也必须考虑干扰等因素的影响,否则很难实现群落结构和物种多样性的恢复。Abstract: The research of wetland seeds bank is important to biodiversity conservation, restoration and management of wetland. There were many researches on wetland seeds bank and wetland restoration through seeds bank. However,there were also some problems. Based on the analysis of research on wetland seeds bank both at home and abroad,the authors argued that vegetative propagation existed extensively in wetland ecosystems and was the main reproductive way for many dominant species. Therefore, it is scientific to use seed banks concept in a general way when conducting wetland seeds bank research. In addition, disturbance,especially hydrological changes,had a great influence on wetland seeds bank. Species composition and seed germination patterns,which would affect plant communities,were significantly influenced by water level,intensity and frequency of flood. The research indicated that disturbances should be taken into consideration when restoring the wetland with seeds tank, otherwise it would be difficult to restore the community structure and biodiversity.
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Key words:
- plant ecology /
- wetland /
- seed bank /
- hydrology /
- vegetation restoration /
- review
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