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竹材具有与木材相似的质感,且具有比木材生长快、韧性好等优点。近年来竹材在传统木材应用领域内被广泛利用[1]。作为一种天然生物材料,其自身的结构决定了竹材具有较强的湿胀干缩性,这影响了竹材的尺寸稳定性,也使得竹材制品在使用时易产生开裂、变形等缺陷[2]。浸润性与材料的疏水性有关,是固体表面一个重要的特征。影响材料表面浸润性的因素既有内在的如其微观结构、化学组成[3-8],又有外在的因素如光、电、热以及溶剂等[9-19]。自然界经过数十亿年的长期进化,生物表面的微纳米多尺度结构可赋予材料表面特殊的浸润性能,如超疏水、自清洁、超亲水、高黏附力和光反射等[20-21]。荷Nelumbo nucifera叶表面的纳米乳凸结构使其具有超疏水、自清洁特性,水滴在其表面有较大的接触角和极小的滚动角,微小的倾角即可使水珠滚动离开荷叶表面,生物体表面具有此类特征的现象被称为“荷叶效应”[22-24];此外,一些生物体表面具有与荷叶自清洁相反的特性,如月季Rosa chinensis花瓣表面不仅具有较大的接触角,而且还有较大的接触角滞后,与水有很强的黏附力,即使将月季花瓣旋转90.0°甚至180.0°,水珠仍可稳固地钉驻在花瓣表面,展现出超疏水及高黏附特性。这是因为月季花瓣的乳突阵列状微米结构和乳突顶部凹槽状纳米褶皱结构而产生的具有层次的微纳结构粗糙表面,通常将表面具有此类现象定义为“花瓣效应”[25-26]。由于多数生物结构非常精细复杂,因此,直接采用传统的人工方法很难制备出类似的结构。软印刷技术[27]是一种仿生领域广泛应用的方法,是以弹性体模具为核心,用模具转移图形结构至特定基片的表面。受生物启发,本研究利用软印刷技术[28]以新鲜月季花瓣为模板,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为印章,经2次复形将月季花瓣表面的微观形貌转印在竹材表面,从而使竹材具有类月季花瓣的超疏水高黏附特性,可解决竹材在加工或使用时因吸水性而产生开裂、变形等缺陷可大大延长竹材的使用寿命和增加其附加值。
Bionic building of a super-hydrophobic structure of Chinese rose on a bamboo surface
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摘要: 为克服竹材因吸湿而产生开裂、变形等缺陷,利用软印刷技术,以新鲜月季花Rosa chinensis为模板,聚二甲基硅氧烷为印章,在竹材表面仿生构筑类月季花瓣表面的超疏水微纳结构,经转印复型使竹材具有类月季花瓣高黏滞力的超疏水特性。利用扫描电子显微镜观测并对接触角进行测试。结果表明:制备的类月季花瓣竹材样品具有与月季花瓣类似的乳突状微米结构和凹槽状纳米结构的粗糙表面,它与水滴的接触角高达到153.5°,接近月季花瓣表面的接触角157.5°,显示出超疏水特性。同时,水滴可以牢固附着在竹块表面,并将其翻转90.0°和180.0°,水滴均不会滚落,表现了良好的黏附性。此外,试样提高了对涂料附着的能力。Abstract: To overcome defects such as cracks and deformation caused by moisture absorption of bamboo, a super-hydrophobic micro-nano structure of Chinese rose was built on bamboo surfaces through soft lithography using fresh Chinese rose petals as the template and polydimethylsiloxane for a seal. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the analysis. Results of the scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle (WCA) showed that the prepared Chinese-rose-like bamboo samples had a papillary micro structure and a groove shaped nanometer structure with rough surfaces like Chinese rose petals. The WCA of the replicated bamboo surface was 153.5° which was close to that of Chinese rose petals (157.5°), thereby expressing a super-hydrophobic property. At the same time, water droplets could be firmly attached to the surface of the bamboo. Even if the bamboo surfaces were turned 90° and 180°, water droplets did not roll off the bamboo, which showed favorable adhesion. Thus, the bamboo was super-hydrophobic with high adhesion similar to Chinese rose petals; in addition, the super-hydrophobic sample improved in adhesion with coatings.
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.05.020