-
刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia原产于北美洲的亚热带和温带地区,适应性强、繁殖容易,被广泛引种[1],已被全球入侵物种数据库定为入侵种[2]。20世纪60年代以后,刺槐被作为黄土高原丘陵沟壑区人工林建设的主要造林树种,成为该地区造林面积最大的树种[1]。刺槐作为一种外来种,生长快、耗水强,在许多立地条件差的地方多形成低产林[3]。晋西黄土区处于干旱半干旱地区,侵蚀强烈,生态环境脆弱[4],研究黄土区刺槐人工林林下多样性具有重要的实际意义。人工林群落物种多样性主要由林下植被反映,而且林下植被的生长发育,填补了地表空白[5],对森林的生长繁殖以及森林结构的塑造有重要的影响[6]。从已有的研究中可知,刺槐林下阴坡物种多样性大于阳坡[7];在相同林龄及立地条件下,刺槐林下林分密度越大,林下植被多样性越低[8]。总之,坡度、坡向、密度、林龄等都会对刺槐林下物种多样性产生一定的影响。因此,对于黄土丘陵区引种刺槐这种外来树种进行水土保持造林,会塑造成怎样的生物群落,能否促进生态系统向稳定、环境良好方向永续恢复,还需要进一步的跟踪和长期定位观测研究。本研究通过对晋西黄土区蔡家川流域长期固定观测样地刺槐人工林林下植被的分析,对比当地主要林地类型油松Pinus tabulaeformis人工林和天然次生林林下植被,揭示刺槐人工林林下结构特征、α多样性、β多样性及相似度等特征,以及与油松人工林和天然次生林存在的差异性,进一步揭示刺槐人工林形成的生物群落对当地水土保持和生态恢复的作用,旨在为晋西黄土区蔡家川流域刺槐人工林植被恢复提供基础数据,并为刺槐人工水土保持林管理提供借鉴。
-
研究区位于晋西黄土区蔡家川流域,地理坐标为36°14′27″~36°18′23″N,110°39′45″~110°47′45″E,海拔为900~1 513 m,属于黄河的三级支流,呈东西走向,流域面积为39.33 km2[9]。该区属暖温带半干旱大陆性气候,年平均气温为10.0 ℃,年平均降水量为470.0~600.0 mm。该区土壤为褐土,黄土母质,土壤普遍呈碱性[9]。自1990年退耕还林还草以来,蔡家川流域植被覆盖率显著增加,其中人工林以刺槐、油松、侧柏Platycladus orientalis为主,天然次生林以山杨Populus davidiana,白桦Betula platyphylla和辽东栎Quercus liaotungensis为主[10]。
选择蔡家川流域刺槐人工林作为研究对象,以当地另外2种主要林地类型油松人工林和天然次生林作为对照林地。研究样地的选择坚持代表性原则,能够代表区域内同种林型的整体情况。故根据研究内容和实地踏查情况,在研究区内共布设了15个20 m × 20 m的样地,其中包括9个刺槐人工林样地,3个油松人工林样地和3个天然次生林样地,林龄都在20 a左右,每个样地内设置3个5 m × 5 m的灌木样方,3个1 m × 1 m的草本样方。样地基本信息如表 1所示。
表 1 样地基本信息
Table 1. Basic situation of sample plots
样地 海拔/m 坡度/(°) 坡向 郁闭度/6 C1 1 132 22 阳坡 69 C2 1 154 20 阴坡 61 C3 1 114 13 半阴坡 68 C4 1 119 16 阴坡 63 C5 1 210 18 阴坡 64 C6 1 215 12 半阴坡 58 C7 1 238 18 阳坡 61 C8 1 289 32 半阴坡 59 C9 1 338 11 阳坡 60 Y1 1 158 15 阳坡 61 Y2 1 112 16 阳坡 10 Y3 1 358 20 阴坡 13 N1 1 109 11 半阳坡 12 N2 1 131 10 阴坡 68 N3 1 152 11 阳坡 10 说明:C,Y,N分别表示刺槐人工林、油松人工林、天然次生林 -
根据样地调查数据,分析群落结构特征及多样性,其中重要值采用IV=[(相对密度+相对显著度+相对频度)/3]×100来计算。采用丰富度指数(S),Shannon-Wiener指数(H′),Simpson指数(D),Pielou均匀度指数(E)来测定植物群落的α多样性;采用Whittaker指数(βW),Cody指数(βC),Routledge指数(βR)测定植物群落的β多样性;采用Jaccard指数(q)测定植物群落的相似性,根据Jaccard相似性原理,0.00≤q<0.25表示极不相似,0.25≤q<0.50表示中等不相似,0.50≤q<0.75表示中等相似,0.75≤q≤1.00表示极相似[11]。
-
重要值是群落中物种生态适应能力和物种在群落中所处地位的综合指标,其大小是确定优势种和建群种的重要依据[12]。由表 2可见:所有刺槐样地中共包含植物种类37种,其中灌木8种,草本29种。灌木层中黄刺梅Rosa xanthina出现频率为100%,平均重要值为53.11%;杠柳Periploca sepium出现频率为22.22%,平均重要值为9.78%;紫丁香Syringa oblata出现频率为33.33%,平均重要值为9.11%。草本层中蒙古蒿Artemisia monogolica出现频率为22.22%,平均重要值为14.11%;冰草出现频率为55.56%,平均重要值为10.22%;铁杆蒿Artemisia vestita出现频率为66.67%,平均重要值为5.22%。这一结果表明,蔡家川流域刺槐人工林下灌木层中黄刺梅为优势种,杠柳和紫丁香为次优种;草本层中蒙古蒿和冰草Agropyron cristatum为优势种,铁杆蒿Artemisia vestita为次优种。由此可知,刺槐林下灌木层以蔷薇科Rosaceae为主,草本层以菊科Compositae和禾本科Gramineae为主。高艳鹏等[13]指出晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区刺槐人工林下草本优势种主要为禾本科、菊科植物,与本研究所得结论一致。
表 2 刺槐样地内主要物种的重要值
Table 2. Importance values of the main species in sample plots of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation
层次 物种名 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 灌木层 紫丁香Syringa oblata - - 33 29 - - - 20 - 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor - - - l4 l8 - - - - 黄刺梅Rosa xanthina 86 80 l9 29 55 l7 90 40 62 灰栒子Cotoneaster acutjfolius - - - - - - - - - 妙棘Hippophae rhamnoides - - 5 l4 - - - - - 山檀叶悬钩子Rubus crataegifolius - 7 ll 20 - - 9 - 9 酸枣Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa 14 10 - - 27 - - - - 杠柳FeripZoca sepium - - - 14 - 74 - - - 草本层 猪毛嵩Artemisia scoparia - 12 6 - - - - - - 碱菀Tripolium vulgare - 7 2 - - - - - - 莎草Cyperus rotundus 3 9 - - - - - - - 针茅Stipa capillata 5 7 - 2 - - - - - 甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis - 1 - - 7 - - - - 苦荬菜Ixeris denticulata - 3 1 - - 6 - 10 - 紫花地丁Viola philippica - 1 - - 2 10 - - - 委陵菜Potentilla chinensis - 3 - 11 7 10 - 7 - 油嵩Artemisia ordosica - 4 - - - - - - - 蒙古嵩Artemisia mongolica - - 43 - - - 84 - - 乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula - 1 1 7 - 9 - 9 - 早熟禾Poa annua - - 32 - - - - - - 野豌豆 Sesbania cannabina - 6 1 1 2 - - 1 - 铁杆嵩Artemisia vestita - - - 16 11 3 1 15 1 艾嵩Artemisia vulgaris - - - 3 4 - - 1 3 白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis - - - 11 2 5 - 12 7 黄花龙牙Patrinia scabiosaefolia - 1 - 3 7 1 3 5 1 冰草Agropyron cristatum - - - 1 2 2 - 2 85 蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum - 3 - 5 2 5 - 7 - 祁州漏芦Rhaponticum uniflorum - - - 6 - 2 - 4 - 茵陈嵩Artemisia capillaris 1 11 - - 4 1 - - - 长芒草Stipa bungeana 5 13 - 3 2 2 - 11 - 柴胡Bupleurum chinense - - - 7 2 - - 2 - 白羊草Bothriochloa ischaemum - - - 6 5 - - 8 - 矮臺草Carex supina - - - - 5 - - - - 风毛菊Saussurea japonica - 1 - - 5 - - - - 芦苇Phragmites australis - - - - 4 - - - - 狭叶青嵩Artemisia dacunculus - - - - 5 - - - - 茜草Rubia cordifolia 7 9 3 7 4 11 1 1 1 说明:“-”表示该样地内没有该种植物或者IV<1 -
物种多样性是指群落中的物种数目、个体数及个体分配均匀度的综合。从图 1可以看出:D值灌木层和草本层的起伏波动比较大,没有明显的规律;H′值在所有样地中灌木层小于草本层;E值有2/3的样地灌木层小于草本层。相比灌木层,草本层多样性指数更高,多样性指数的最大值均出现在草本层,而且从平均值看,草本层的D值(0.73),H′值(1.67)和E值(0.77)均大于灌木层的D值(0.50),H′值(0.86)和E值(0.33)。总之,草本层α多样性大于灌木层的α多样性。卢宝明等[14]在研究北京山地植物群落的物种多样性中也得出,灌木层的α多样性指数明显小于草本层的α多样性指数。
结合对照组油松人工林和天然次生林的数据,分析3种林型之间的D值,H′值和E值,从而研究刺槐人工林与其他林型之间α物种多样性的差异(图 2和图 3)。图 2分别描述了3种林型灌木层的D值,H′值和E值,在灌木层,刺槐人工林的3个指数的均值、最小值都小于其他2种林型;从3个指数分布范围可以看出:灌木层的α多样性表现为刺槐人工林<油松人工林<天然次生林。
图 3分别描述了3种林型草本层的D值,H′值和E值。从3个指数集中范围可以看出:油松林草本层α多样性<刺槐林<天然林;刺槐林D值的均值与油松林较接近,都小于天然次生林;刺槐林E值的均值低于其他2种林型;H′值的均值稍大于油松人工林,但仍小于天然次生林。即2种人工林灌木层和草本层α多样性指数都小于天然林。通过对比图 2和图 3可以看出:同种林型之间,灌木层物种多样性指数小于草本层物种多样性指数。
-
利用Whittaker指数(βW),Cody指数(βC)和Routledge指数(βR)求β多样性,分别计算C1~C9与Y1,Y2,Y3,N1,N2,N3之间的β多样性指数,然后求各组的平均值,得到刺槐林与油松林、刺槐林与天然林之间的β多样性指数(表 3),从而分析刺槐人工林、油松人工林和天然次生林之间的物种多样性差异。从表 3可以得出:刺槐林与油松林之间的β多样性要小于刺槐林与天然林之间的β多样性。由此表明:刺槐林与天然林之间植被差异性要大于刺槐林与油松林之间的植被差异性。同时,分析刺槐人工林和油松人工林及天然次生林之间的β多样性得出,草本层β多样性指数>灌木层β多样性指数。
表 3 刺槐人工林与其他林型之间β多样性指数
Table 3. β diversity index between Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and other communities
林型 层次 βW βC βR C-Y 灌木层 1.54 1.93 7.51 草本层 3.25 6.37 28.00 C-N 灌木层 1.20 2.22 7.53 草本层 3.43 7.02 28.80 说明:C-Y表示刺槐人工林与油松人工林之间的β多样性;C-N代表刺槐人工林与天然次生林之间的β多样性 -
采用Jaccard相似性系数作为不同样地相似性的度量标准,分析各样地之间灌木层相似性和草本层相似性(图 4)。从图 4可以得知:在灌木层,各群落之间“中等不相似”出现概率最大,占总数的49.52%,而“极相似”概率最小,仅占总数的1.90%,所以,所调查的样地之间灌木层相似度处于中等偏低水平;在草本层,各群落之间“极不相似”占总数的66.67%,“极相似”占0.95%,所以,所调查样地之间的草本层相似度处于较低水平;同时,从图 4可以得出,灌木层相似性>草本层相似性。分别计算不同林型和不同林层之间相似性系数的平均值,得出灌木层相似性系数均值规律为:刺槐人工林与刺槐人工林之间的相似性系数>刺槐人工林与油松人工林之间的相似性系数>刺槐人工林与天然次生林之间的相似性系数;草本层也满足这一规律。
Species diversity in the understory of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Caijiachuan Watershed of the Loess Plateau
-
摘要: 为了给晋西黄土区蔡家川流域刺槐Robinia pseudocacia人工林恢复状况评价以及植被配置提供理论依据,采用样地调查的方法,选取刺槐人工林为研究对象,对照当地油松Pinus tabulaeformis人工林和天然次生林,进行林下物种多样性研究。结果表明:①刺槐人工林林下物种共有37种,包括灌木8种,草本29种,灌木层以蔷薇科Rosaceae植物为主,草本层以菊科Compositae和禾本科Gramineae植物为主。②刺槐人工林林下α多样性小于天然次生林,与油松人工林之间的差异较小。③刺槐人工林林下草本层β多样性指数大于灌木层;刺槐林与天然林的β多样性大于刺槐林与油松林的。④刺槐人工林林下植被相似度不高,不同刺槐林样地之间物种种类存在较大的差异,尤其是草本层。晋西黄土区蔡家川流域刺槐人工林林下植被仍具有较大的生长繁殖空间,物种多样性还有待提高。Abstract: To provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the restoration and vegetative allocation of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Caijiachuan Watershed on the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province, this research used the sample survey method to study species diversity of an understory. A R. pseudoacacia plantation was selected as the research object and compared to a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and a natural secondary forest. This study used Shannon-Wiener index(H'), Simpson index (D) and Pielou evenness index (E) to determine the community α diversity. The β diversity of the community was determined by Whittaker index (βW), Cody index(βC), Routledge index(βR), and the similarity of the community was determined by Jaccard index (q). Results showed (1) 37 understory species in the R. pseudoacacia plantation including 8 shrubs and 29 herbs. Rosaceae was the main contributor to the shrub layer with Compositae and Gramineae the main plants of the herb layer. (2) The α diversity of shrub layer is R. pseudoacacia plantation < P. tabulaeformis plantation < natural secondary forest. The α diversity of herb layer is P. tabulaeformis plantation < R. pseudoacacia plantation < natural secondary forest. (3) The β diversity index between R. pseudoacacia plantation and P. tabulaeformis plantation < β diversity index between R. pseudoacacia plantation and natural secondary forest, the β diversity index of herb layer in R. pseudoacacia plantation > the β diversity index of shrub layer. (4)Among different sample plots of the R. pseudoacacia plantation, the shrub layer showed "medium dissimilarity" accounted for 49.52% of the total and "very similar" accounted for 1.90% of the total, the herb layer was "very similar" accounted for 66.67% of the total, "very similar" accounted for 0.95%, so there was a large difference in R. pseudoacacia plantation, especially in the herb layer. Overall, understory vegetation in the R. pseudoacacia plantation of the Caijiachuan Watershed on the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province still had areas for introducing new understory species to help improve species diversity.
-
Key words:
- forest ecology /
- Robinia pseudoacacia plantation /
- species composition /
- α diversity /
- β diversity /
- similarity
-
表 1 样地基本信息
Table 1. Basic situation of sample plots
样地 海拔/m 坡度/(°) 坡向 郁闭度/6 C1 1 132 22 阳坡 69 C2 1 154 20 阴坡 61 C3 1 114 13 半阴坡 68 C4 1 119 16 阴坡 63 C5 1 210 18 阴坡 64 C6 1 215 12 半阴坡 58 C7 1 238 18 阳坡 61 C8 1 289 32 半阴坡 59 C9 1 338 11 阳坡 60 Y1 1 158 15 阳坡 61 Y2 1 112 16 阳坡 10 Y3 1 358 20 阴坡 13 N1 1 109 11 半阳坡 12 N2 1 131 10 阴坡 68 N3 1 152 11 阳坡 10 说明:C,Y,N分别表示刺槐人工林、油松人工林、天然次生林 表 2 刺槐样地内主要物种的重要值
Table 2. Importance values of the main species in sample plots of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation
层次 物种名 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 灌木层 紫丁香Syringa oblata - - 33 29 - - - 20 - 胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor - - - l4 l8 - - - - 黄刺梅Rosa xanthina 86 80 l9 29 55 l7 90 40 62 灰栒子Cotoneaster acutjfolius - - - - - - - - - 妙棘Hippophae rhamnoides - - 5 l4 - - - - - 山檀叶悬钩子Rubus crataegifolius - 7 ll 20 - - 9 - 9 酸枣Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa 14 10 - - 27 - - - - 杠柳FeripZoca sepium - - - 14 - 74 - - - 草本层 猪毛嵩Artemisia scoparia - 12 6 - - - - - - 碱菀Tripolium vulgare - 7 2 - - - - - - 莎草Cyperus rotundus 3 9 - - - - - - - 针茅Stipa capillata 5 7 - 2 - - - - - 甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis - 1 - - 7 - - - - 苦荬菜Ixeris denticulata - 3 1 - - 6 - 10 - 紫花地丁Viola philippica - 1 - - 2 10 - - - 委陵菜Potentilla chinensis - 3 - 11 7 10 - 7 - 油嵩Artemisia ordosica - 4 - - - - - - - 蒙古嵩Artemisia mongolica - - 43 - - - 84 - - 乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula - 1 1 7 - 9 - 9 - 早熟禾Poa annua - - 32 - - - - - - 野豌豆 Sesbania cannabina - 6 1 1 2 - - 1 - 铁杆嵩Artemisia vestita - - - 16 11 3 1 15 1 艾嵩Artemisia vulgaris - - - 3 4 - - 1 3 白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis - - - 11 2 5 - 12 7 黄花龙牙Patrinia scabiosaefolia - 1 - 3 7 1 3 5 1 冰草Agropyron cristatum - - - 1 2 2 - 2 85 蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum - 3 - 5 2 5 - 7 - 祁州漏芦Rhaponticum uniflorum - - - 6 - 2 - 4 - 茵陈嵩Artemisia capillaris 1 11 - - 4 1 - - - 长芒草Stipa bungeana 5 13 - 3 2 2 - 11 - 柴胡Bupleurum chinense - - - 7 2 - - 2 - 白羊草Bothriochloa ischaemum - - - 6 5 - - 8 - 矮臺草Carex supina - - - - 5 - - - - 风毛菊Saussurea japonica - 1 - - 5 - - - - 芦苇Phragmites australis - - - - 4 - - - - 狭叶青嵩Artemisia dacunculus - - - - 5 - - - - 茜草Rubia cordifolia 7 9 3 7 4 11 1 1 1 说明:“-”表示该样地内没有该种植物或者IV<1 表 3 刺槐人工林与其他林型之间β多样性指数
Table 3. β diversity index between Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and other communities
林型 层次 βW βC βR C-Y 灌木层 1.54 1.93 7.51 草本层 3.25 6.37 28.00 C-N 灌木层 1.20 2.22 7.53 草本层 3.43 7.02 28.80 说明:C-Y表示刺槐人工林与油松人工林之间的β多样性;C-N代表刺槐人工林与天然次生林之间的β多样性 -
[1] 张长庆, 张文辉.黄土高原不同立地条件下刺槐人工林种群的无性繁殖与更新[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 37(1):135-144. ZHANG Changqing, ZHANG Wenhui. A study on asexual reproduction and regeneration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in different habitats in hilly area of the Loess Plateau[J]. J Northwest A&F Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2009, 37(1):135-144. [2] 王希才, 王延玲.药乡林场刺槐林的演替研究[J].河南林业科技, 1996, 16(3):22-24. WANG Xicai, WANG Yanling. Study on succession of Robinia pseudoacacia forest in Yaoxiang Forest Farm[J]. J Henan For Sci Technol, 1996, 16(3):22-24. [3] 刘增文, 李雅素.刺槐人工林养分利用效率[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(3):444-449. LIU Zengwen, LI Yasu. A study on the efficiency of nutrient utilization in black locust plantation[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2003, 23(3):444-449. [4] FU Bojie, LIU Yu, LÜYihe, et al. Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Ecol Complex, 2011, 8(4):284-293. [5] MORI A, TAKEDA H. Effects of undisturbed canopy structure on population structure and species coexistence of an old-growth subalpine forest in central Japan[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2004, 200(1/3):89-100. [6] TAYLOR A H, JIANG Shiwei, ZHAO Lianjun, et al. Regeneration patterens and tree species coexistence in old-growth Abies-Picea forests in southwestern China[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2006, 223(1):303-317. [7] 张晶晶, 赵忠, 宋西德, 等.渭北黄土高原人工刺槐林植物多样性动态[J].西北植物学报, 2010, 30(12):2490-2496. ZHANG Jingjing, ZHAO Zhong, SONG Xide, et al. Biodiversity dynamics of artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest in Weibei Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2010, 30(12):2490-2496. [8] 刘建利, 李凯荣, 易亮, 等.黄土高原丘陵区人工刺槐林林分结构及林下植物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报, 2008, 28(3):49-52, 70. LIU Jianli, LI Kairong, YI Liang, et al. Structure of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and undergrowth plant diversity in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau[J]. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2008, 28(3):49-52, 70. [9] 杨帆, 潘成忠, 鞠洪秀.晋西黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型对土壤碳氮储量的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2016, 23(4):318-324. YANG Fan, PAN Chengzhong, JU Hongxiu. Effects of different land use types on storage of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in western Shanxi hilly Loess Plateau region[J]. Res Soil Water Conserv, 2016, 23(4):318-324. [10] 徐舟, 查同刚, 张志强, 等.晋西黄土区蔡家川流域不同退耕林地的物种多样性研究[J].广东农业科学, 2014(17):170-175. XU Zhou, ZHA Tonggang, ZHANG Zhiqiang, et al. Species diversities of vegetation communities of abandoned croplands in western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau[J]. Guangdong Agric Sci, 2014(17):170-175. [11] 张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011. [12] 毕润成.山西霍山山核桃群落生态特征及其区系分析[J].应用生态学报, 1999, 10(6):650-656. BI Runcheng. Ecological feature and floral analysis of Juglans mandshurica community in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 1999, 10(6):650-656. [13] 高艳鹏, 赵廷宁, 骆汉.晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区人工林下草本植物生物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报, 2011, 31(1):103-108. GAO Yanpeng, ZHAO Tingning, LUO Han. Biodiversity of herbaceous species under artificial forests in hill and gully region of western Shanxi Province[J]. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2011, 31(1):103-108. [14] 卢宝明, 邢韶华, 崔国发, 等.北京山地植物群落的物种多样性比较[J].北京林业大学学报, 2010, 32(增刊1):36-44. LU Baoming, XING Shaohua, CUI Guofa, et al. Comparison of species diversity of plant communities in mountains of Beijing[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2010, 32(suppl 1):36-44. [15] 胡相明, 程积民, 万惠娥.黄土丘陵区人工林下草本层植物的结构特征[J].水土保持通报, 2006, 26(3):41-45. HU Xiangming, CHENG Jimin, WAN Huie. Structure characteristics of herbages under five types of artificial forest plantations in loess hilly region[J]. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2006, 26(3):41-45. [16] 张桐, 王玉杰, 王云琦, 等.晋西黄土区不同森林群落类型植物多样性研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2015, 37(11):82-88. ZHANG Tong, WANG Yujie, WANG Yunqi, et al. Plant diversity in various forest community types in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province, northern China[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2015, 37(11):82-88. [17] 杨晓毅, 李凯荣, 李苗, 等.陕西省淳化县人工刺槐林林分结构及林下植物多样性研究[J].水土保持通报, 2011, 31(3):194-201. YANG Xiaoyi, LI Kairong, LI Miao, et al. Forest structure and diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantations in Chunhua County of Shaanxi Province[J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2011, 31(3):194-201. [18] 蔡道雄, 卢立华, 贾宏炎, 等.封山育林对杉木人工林林下植被物种多样性恢复的影响[J].林业科学研究, 2007, 20(3):319-327. CAI Daoxiong, LU Lihua, JIA Hongyan, et al. The influences of closing for afforestation on vegetation diversity restoration under Chinese fir plantation[J]. For Res, 2007, 20(3):319-327. [19] 李裕元, 邵明安.子午岭植被自然恢复过程中植物多样性的变化[J].生态学报, 2004, 24(2):252-260. LI Yuyuan, SHAO Ming'an. The change of plant diversity during natural recovery process of vegetation in Ziwuling area[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2004, 24(2):252-260. [20] 陈利云, 王弋博.麦积山草地植物群落物种多样性及结构相似性特征[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2014, 28(1):148-152. CHEN Liyun, WANG Yibo. Species diversity, community structure similarity of the grassland communities, Maiji mountain[J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2014, 28(1):148-152. [21] 王健敏, 刘娟, 陈晓鸣, 等.云南松天然林及人工林群落结构和物种多样性比较[J].林业科学研究, 2010, 23(4):515-522. WANG Jianmin, LIU Juan, CHEN Xiaoming, et al. Comparison of community structures and species diversity in natural forests and forest plantation of Pinus yunnanensis[J]. For Res, 2010, 23(4):515-522. [22] 王力, 邵明安, 王全九, 等.黄土高原子午岭天然林与刺槐人工林地土壤干化状况对比[J].西北植物学报, 2005, 25(7):1279-1286. WANG Li, SHAO Ming'an, WANG Quanjiu, et al. Comparison of soil desiccations in natural and Acacia forests in the Ziwuling mountain of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2005, 25(7):1279-1286. [23] 闫东锋, 朱滢, 杨喜田.宝天曼栎类天然林物种多样性与稳定性[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2011, 28(4):628-633. YAN Dongfeng, ZHU Ying, YANG Xitian. Species diversity and stability of a natural Quercus forest in Baotianman, Henan Province[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2011, 28(4):628-633. [24] 沈蕊, 张建利, 何彪, 等.元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落结构特征与相似性分析[J].生态环境学报, 2010, 19(12):2821-2825. SHEN Rui, ZHANG Jianli, HE Biao, et al. The structure characteristic and analysis on similarity of grassland community in dry-hot valley of Yuanjiang River[J]. Ecol Environ Sci, 2010, 19(12):2821-2825. [25] 王仙, 魏天兴, 朱金兆, 等.黄土丘陵区油松根系化感效应研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2015, 37(4):82-89. WANG Xian, WEI Tianxing, ZHU Jinzhao, et al. Allelopathic effect of Pinus tabuliformis root in loess hilly area[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2015, 37(4):82-89. [26] 刘海燕, 魏天兴, 王仙.黄土丘陵区人工林土壤微生物PLFA标记多样性分析[J].北京林业大学学报, 2016, 38(1):28-35. LIU Haiyan, WEI Tianxing, WANG Xian. Soil microbial community structure and functional diversity in typical plantations marked by PLFA in hilly loess region[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2016, 38(1):28-35. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.02.005