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木棉Bombax malabaricum又名红棉、英雄树(广州)、攀枝花(四川)、斑芝棉、斑芝树(台湾)、攀枝(福建),为木棉科Bombacaceae木棉属Bombax落叶大乔木,广泛分布于中国云南、四川、贵州、广西、江西、广东、福建、台湾等省区[1]:也分布于南亚的印度、尼泊尔和东南亚等地区[2-3]。木棉用途广泛,花大色艳,树形优美,常用于庭院、公园绿化,供行道树、独赏树等。木棉还具有极高的药用价值。清代何克谏《生草药性备要》记载:木棉花性味甘,凉,具有清热利湿,解毒,止血等功效,主治肠炎、泄泻、痔疮出血、细菌性痢疾[4]。现代研究发现,木棉花、根系、叶片及树皮中含有多种活性物质,进一步的动物及临床试验证实,这些活性物质对人体具有多种独特的生理和药理功能[5-7]。此外,木棉果中纤维可作枕、褥、救生圈等填充材料:种子榨油可作润滑油、制肥皂:木材轻软,可用作蒸笼、箱板、火柴梗、造纸等用[1]。迄今为止,相关学者对木棉做了大量研究,但多数集中在药用价值方面,而对其资源培育等研究较少,更缺乏相应的综述。因此,本研究就木棉的分布、资源培育现状、观赏价值及园林应用等方面研究展开综述,旨在为今后开展木棉资源培育与利用提供参考。
Research progress on the cultivation of Bombax malabaricum resource and its landscape application
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摘要: 木棉Bombax malabaricum是中国华南和西南地区典型的乡土树种, 因具有极高的观赏和药用价值而广受重视。从木棉基本状况、人工林资源培育和园林应用等角度出发, 简述了木棉分布、形态特征、种子繁殖、无性繁殖、苗木移栽、生长状况、观赏价值及园林应用的研究进展。并进一步探讨了下一阶段木棉人工林资源培育和开发利用过程中亟待解决的种质资源收集和良种选育、定向培育技术和园林资源开发等问题。Abstract: Bombax malabaricum, a native species in the south and southwest of China, has drawn wide attention because of its high ornamental and medicinal values. From the perspectives of characteristics, forest plantation, and landscape application of Bombax malabaricum, the paper reviewed its distribution, morphology, seed propagation, clone, transplanting, growth characters, ornamental value and landscape application. The paper also proposed some suggestions for the further plantation cultivation, development and utilization of Bombax malabaricum resource, including germplasm resource collection, improved varieties breeding, afforestation technology, utilization of tourism and landscape resources.
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Key words:
- landscape architecture /
- Bombax malabaricum /
- resource cultivation /
- landscape application /
- prospect /
- review
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