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土壤盐渍化是一个全球性的热点问题,是农业发展所面临的主要危机之一[1]。目前,全世界约有20%的灌溉土地受到盐胁迫影响,中国约有3 460万hm2盐渍土地[2]。果树盐碱地栽培的研究也是国内外关注的重点[3]。盐胁迫下,植物细胞内自由基的产生与清除的动态平衡被打破,造成氧化胁迫,加速膜脂过氧化,有害物质积累,引起代谢紊乱[4]。褪黑素(melatonin,MEL)又称松果素,1958年被LERNER[7]从牛松果体中首次提取出来,其化学成分为N-乙酰基-5-甲氧基色胺。大量研究表明,褪黑素是一种吲哚类激素,具有植物生长调节物质的功能,同时还具有抵抗胁迫的生物刺激物质的功能,对高温、低温、紫外及电离辐射、重金属和化学污染、生物氧化等生物和非生物胁迫都有一定的抵抗作用[8]。目前,有关猕猴桃Actinidia耐盐性的研究已有一些报道[9-10],但关于外源褪黑素对盐胁迫下猕猴桃生长及抗逆生理特性的研究还比较少。猕猴桃为猕猴桃科Actinidiaceae猕猴桃属多年生藤本植物。猕猴桃果实为典型的浆果,主要是以含维生素C高,适口和特异的风味见著。猕猴桃在全球都具有极好的经济发展前景,是一种重要的果树资源[5]。前人研究表明,猕猴桃一般既不耐离子胁迫也不耐渗透胁迫[6]。因此,提高猕猴桃对盐碱地的耐性,保证猕猴桃在盐胁迫下能够维持正常的生理水平,对获得理想的产量和品质有重要意义。本研究以野生美味猕猴桃Actinidia deliciosa实生苗为材料,研究了外源褪黑素对氯化钠胁迫下其实生苗体内的活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质的影响,为合理利用褪黑素缓解美味猕猴桃栽培中的盐害问题提供理论基础。
Exogenous melatonin for NaCl stress with antioxidant enzymes and osmotic substances of Aclinidia deliciosa seedlings
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摘要: 盐胁迫是果树生长发育所面临的主要危机之一。为探讨外源褪黑素对缓解美味猕猴桃Actinidia deliciosa盐胁迫的生理机制,对根灌褪黑素后的美味猕猴桃实生苗进行盐胁迫处理。通过测定对照(ck),氯化钠胁迫(S1),褪黑素预处理和氯化钠胁迫(S2)下的美味猕猴桃实生苗叶片保护酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)活性、抗坏血酸及渗透调节物质的变化,分析外源褪黑素提高植物耐盐性的生理机理。结果表明:与对照(ck)相比,氯化钠胁迫处理后,美味猕猴桃实生苗叶片中丙二醛、脯氨酸、保护酶活性先升高再下降,抗坏血酸和可溶性蛋白质先下降再升高,过氧化氢和可溶性糖显著上升;而根灌褪黑素可有效缓解美味猕猴桃实生苗膜脂过氧化程度,降低丙二醛和过氧化氢,最多时分别降低102.45%和44.35%。同时,可显著增加脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和抗坏血酸,并提高保护酶活性。外源褪黑素可以通过提高抗氧化物酶活性和渗透调节物质含量有效减缓氯化钠盐胁迫的危害,提高美味猕猴桃的耐盐性。Abstract: Salt stress is a major crisis for growth and development of fruit seedlings. To improve salt tolerance of Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), wild A. deliciosa seedlings were used as material to determine the effect of exogenous melatonin (MEL) on physiological mechanisms. The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Sichuan Agricultural University in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Kiwifruit seedlings were irrigated with a MEL solution and treated with 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress. Kiwifruit leaves were sampled at foundation up to 3 to 5 euphyllas at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 d after treatment. Protective enzyme activity[superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)], ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and osmotic substances content were determined with treatments of a control (ck), NaCl stress (S1), and melatonin treated along with NaCl stress (S2). Results showed that compared to the control (ck), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content, SOD activity, POD activity, and CAT activity of kiwifruit with NaCl stress significantly increased first and then decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, AsA content first decreased and then increased (P < 0.05). The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and soluble sugar significantly increasing (P < 0.05). For the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, MDA concentration reduced 102.45% at 6 d and H2O2 concentration decreased 44.35% at 12 d in S2 compared to S1. At the same time, the seedlings with melatonin have the higher level of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, AsA content, and the antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, POD, and CAT) than without melatonin (P < 0.05). Thus, exogenous melatonin could alleviate damage to kiwifruit seedlings and improve salt tolerance.
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Key words:
- plant physiology /
- Actinidia deliciosa /
- exogenous melatonin /
- NaCl stress /
- antioxidant enzyme /
- osmotic regulation
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.02.013