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近年来,分布格局研究成为生态学研究领域的热点问题[1-3]。自然状态下,各类植物种群通常并非均匀分布,而是依不同年龄、不同研究尺度呈斑块状分布,形成复杂的种群空间分布特征。这些分布特征是对种群自身生物学特性和外在生态环境的一种表达,并且反过来影响着种群的发展趋势[4]。种群的空间分布格局可以反映物种在群落中不同尺度下的分布类型或配置方式,同一物种在不同的生活史阶段、不同的生境条件也可能表现出完全不同的分布类型[5-7]。而且分布格局具有尺度依赖性,在一个尺度表现为聚集分布,在其他尺度则可能表现为均匀分布或随机分布[8]。一般来说,如果竞争对种群起着主要制约因素,种群趋向于均匀分布;如果生物学特性起主要作用,则大多为聚集分布;如果以上两者都不起决定性作用,种群一般表现为随机分布[4]。种内关联性可以分析种群不同生长阶段个体间的功能关系和相互作用[9]。空间正关联表明相互促进及互利的生态关系,空间负关联表明相互排斥及不利的生态关系,空间无关联则意味着个体间无明确的生态关系[10-11]。狭果秤锤树Sinojackia rehderiana为安息香科Styracaceae秤锤树属Sinojackia植物,仅间断分布于华南和华东,分布范围狭窄且个体数量少。狭果秤锤树性喜湿润的沟谷常绿阔叶林内,分布海拔较低,易受到人为干扰。生境破坏和自身种子萌发率低等原因导致分布范围逐渐变窄[12],有标本采集记录的有些产地已找不到该种的分布。目前,已有一些学者对其群落区系[13]、年龄结构和分布格局[14]、群落结构及更新[15]、种间联结性[16]、遗传印记[17]等方面做过研究,而关于种群空间格局和关联性研究则鲜有报道。本研究旨在为该群落和狭果秤锤树种群就地保护提供理论支持,为迁地保护种群空间配置提供建议。
Natural population distribution pattern of Sinojackia rehderiana in an evergreen broadleaf forest
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摘要:
目的 揭示狭果秤锤树Sinojackia rehderiana自然种群不同生活史个体分布格局,为该种群的保护提供科学依据。 方法 以自然分布于江西省永修县的狭果秤锤树种群为对象,采用相邻格子样方调查法、空间代替时间和O-ring完全随机零模型法,对狭果秤锤树自然种群不同生活史阶段个体的空间分布格局和空间关联性进行分析,探讨其空间分布格局形成原因。 结果 狭果秤锤树径级结构和高度级结构完整,幼苗和幼树的数量在整个种群中占绝对优势,种群更新状态良好,属增长型种群。狭果秤锤树种群在从幼苗发育到成树的过程中,在小尺度上聚集分布,大尺度上为随机分布至均匀分布;随着龄级的增加,聚集分布趋势减弱。在较小的尺度上,不同生活史阶段个体表现出正相关或不相关,在较大的尺度上则表现为不相关或负相关;负相关性主要表现在幼苗与中树、幼树与中树、幼树与成树间(P < 0.05)。 结论 在自然状态下,狭果秤锤树分布格局受自身生物学特性和种内、种间竞争影响,幼苗和幼树生长受限但数量较多,种群目前尚未达到稳定状态。 Abstract:Objective To reveal the spatial distribution pattern in different life cycle stages, and to provide a scientific basis for protection of Sinojackia rehderiana, which was naturally distributed in Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province. Method To probe causes of the spatial distribution pattern formation, the adjacent lattice sampling method, the spatial sequence method instead of time sequence, and the O-ring Completely Random Zero Model method were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and spatial correlation of individuals in different life cycle stages of a natural population of S. rehderiana. Result The DBH class structure and height class structure of S. rehderiana were complete, and the number of seedlings and saplings occupied an absolute advantage for the entire population. Population renewal, which belonged to the growth population, was in a favorable condition. In the process of development from seedling to adult tree, the population of S. rehderiana had an aggregated distribution on a small scale, and had a random to uniform distribution on a large scale. As the age class increased, the aggregated distribution receded. On a small scale, at different life cycle stages of S. rehderiana, there was a significantly positive correlation or no correlation(P=0.05); however, on a large scale there was a negative association or no correlation. The spatial association between seedlings and middle-aged trees, saplings and middle-aged trees, and saplings and adult trees was significantly negative (P=0.05). Conclusion In a natural state, the distribution pattern of S. rehderiana was influenced by its own biological factors, intraspecific competition, and interspecific competition; seedling and sapling growth was limited but plentiful; and the population was not currently in a stable state. -
Key words:
- forest ecology /
- Sinojackia rehderiana /
- point pattern analysis /
- spatial association /
- age class
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链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2020.02.004