Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and discoloration law of knots in Mytilaria laosensis plantation
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摘要:
目的 探明米老排Mytilaria laosensis人工林节子的时空分布特征及变色规律，为培育米老排无节材提供理论参考。 方法 以广西凭祥市热带林业实验研究中心11年生米老排人工林为研究对象，选取20株米老排样木，利用节子解析的方法，对获得的1 101个完整节子进行研究。 结果 从节子发育年龄上，米老排的枝条主要从第1~2年开始生长，第2~4年是其死亡高峰期(91.9%)，这些枝条(87.2%)死亡后在第5~8年内完全愈合并形成节子，其中大部分节子(76.7%)的愈合时间为3~6 a；在第2~4年米老排枝条死亡数量较多，该时段是控制节子形成的关键时期。在节子垂直分布上，节子的数量呈现随树高的增加先上升后急剧下降的趋势，且主要集中在高度为0~8.0 m的树干上。节子变色长度与节子的直径和愈合时间呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，但与分枝角度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。通过逐步回归，得出节子直径、死节长度、节子出现年龄以及愈合时间是影响米老排节子变色长度的关键因子，相关性达极显著水平(P＜0.01)。 结论 在米老排种植后的2~4 a，对树干8.0 m以下进行首次修枝，有助于该树种无节材的培育。采取相应的森林培育措施减小枝条基径和缩短节子愈合所需时间，有助于减少节子对木材带来的影响。图7表3参32 Abstract:Objective The objective is to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and discoloration law of knots in Mytilaria laosensis plantation, so as to provide theoretical reference for the cultivation of clear wood. Method A total of 1 101 complete knots were obtained by knot analysis from 20 trees of 11-year old M. laosensis plantation in Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry in Pingxiang City of Guangxi. Result In the development age of the knots, the branches of M. laosensis mainly began to grow in the 1st and 2nd year, and the death peak came in the 2nd to 4th year(91.9%). These branches (87.2%) completely healed and formed knots in the 5th to 8th year after death, and the healing time of most of them (76.7%) was 3 to 6 years. More branches of M. laosensis died in the 2nd to 4th year, which was a critical period to control the formation of knots. In the vertical distribution, the number of knots increased first and then decreased sharply with the increase of tree height and they were mainly concentrated on the trunk with a height of 0−8 m. The discoloration length of knots was positively correlated with knot diameter and healing time (P＜0.05), but negatively correlated with branch angle (P＜0.05). Through stepwise regression, it was concluded that knot diameter, dead knot length, knot age and knot healing time were the key factors affecting knot discoloration length, and their correlation was very significant (P＜0.01). Conclusion Pruning the trunk below 8.0 m for the first time 2−4 years after planting is beneficial to the cultivation of clear wood. Taking corresponding forest cultivation measures to reduce the base diameter of branches and the time required for knot healing will help ease the impact of knots on wood. [Ch, 7 fig. 3 tab. 32 ref.] -
表 1 米老排人工林各样地概况
Table 1. Information of different sampled plots of M. laosensis plantation
样地号 面积/
hm²平均树
高/m平均胸
径/cm平均枝
下高/m平均冠
幅/m坡向 坡度/
(°)M601 0.06 17.8 18.1 5.3 6.8 阳 25 M602 0.06 17.5 17.2 4.9 7.5 半阳 28 M603 0.06 19.4 17.8 4.5 7.9 阳 23 M604 0.06 17.7 18.1 4.5 6.2 半阳 31 M605 0.06 18.4 17.9 4.8 6.4 半阳 22 
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表 2 取样树信息
Table 2. Summary sampled tree statistics
项目 树高/m 胸径/cm 枝下高/m 冠幅/m 数值范围 17.1~22.8 17.7~25.3 4.5~8.8 6.5~10.4 平均值 19.5 21.4 6.9 8.6 标准差 3.9 4.2 1.2 2.3
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表 3 节子信息表
Table 3. Sample branch description for M. laosensis
项目 分枝角度/(°) 枝条死亡
年龄/a节子愈合所
需时间/a节子着生
高度/m节子直径/mm 变色长度/mm 枝条出现
年龄/a节子愈合
年龄/a死节长度/mm 范围 12.9~88.5 2~8 1~10 0.1~18.4 4.7~59.1 17.2~189.6 1~7 3~11 1.4~148.5 平均值 54.1 2.6 4.6 6.8 23.7 102.5 1.1 7.3 51.1 标准差 10.0 0.8 1.6 4.6 8.1 21.1 0.4 1.5 26.1
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表 4 节子变色长度模型参数估计值和拟合统计量
Table 4. Estimated parameter values and fitted statistics values of discoloration length model
参数 估计值 标准差 t P 残差平方和 R² a0 24.388 2.830 8.619 0.057 371 405.423 0.649 a1 1.729 0.064 26.968 0.000 a2 0.350 0.023 14.927 0.000 a3 −6.635 1.485 −4.467 0.000 a4 5.451 0.395 13.805 0.000 说明：a0是常数，a1、a2、a3和a4分别是模型中节子直径、 死节长度、枝条出现年龄和节子愈合时间的参数
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