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重金属污染物排放和扩散进入环境而造成日趋严重的污染问题,如何有效地消除环境中重金属污染物已成为世界性难题。植物修复是利用植物及其根际圈微生物体系的吸收、挥发和转化、降解等作用来清除污染环境中的污染物质,与物理和化学途径相比,植物修复手段更廉价高效,且对环境的副作用更少,其修复模式包括植物提取、植物挥发、植物稳定和植物降解等4种,其中植物提取是利用植物对重金属的吸收,通过收获地上部来达到降低土壤重金属浓度的目的,是解决重金属污染问题的理想途径之一,已在学术界及相应的应用领域得到广泛认可[1-2]。植物长期生长在重金属污染的生境中,面临非生物胁迫,逐渐进化成不同的生态型,可筛选其中适应性强的生态型作为植物修复材料。杨肖娥等[3]通过调查中国东南部古老铅锌(Pb/Zn)矿和非矿山生境中的植物种群,发现生长在古老铅锌矿的东南景天Sedum alfredii 是一种新的锌镉(Zn/Cd)超积累植物。这一发现为植物修复提供了一种很有潜力的候选材料。不同地域的东南景天在重金属积累性上存在显著差异,可分为超积累(HE)和非超积累(NHE)等2种生态型(下文都以HE-东南景天、NHE-东南景天表示)。东南景天易于繁殖,采用东南景天叶片为外植体,可诱导愈合组织并再生完整植株[4]。目前,东南景天的研究不仅受到了国内研究者的重视,也引起了国外科学家的关注,已展开其对重金属的吸收富集机制及重金属污染修复效果等一系列研究。
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