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木棉Bombax malabaricum又名红棉、英雄树(广州)、攀枝花(四川)、斑芝棉、斑芝树(台湾)、攀枝(福建),为木棉科Bombacaceae木棉属Bombax落叶大乔木,广泛分布于中国云南、四川、贵州、广西、江西、广东、福建、台湾等省区[1]:也分布于南亚的印度、尼泊尔和东南亚等地区[2-3]。木棉用途广泛,花大色艳,树形优美,常用于庭院、公园绿化,供行道树、独赏树等。木棉还具有极高的药用价值。清代何克谏《生草药性备要》记载:木棉花性味甘,凉,具有清热利湿,解毒,止血等功效,主治肠炎、泄泻、痔疮出血、细菌性痢疾[4]。现代研究发现,木棉花、根系、叶片及树皮中含有多种活性物质,进一步的动物及临床试验证实,这些活性物质对人体具有多种独特的生理和药理功能[5-7]。此外,木棉果中纤维可作枕、褥、救生圈等填充材料:种子榨油可作润滑油、制肥皂:木材轻软,可用作蒸笼、箱板、火柴梗、造纸等用[1]。迄今为止,相关学者对木棉做了大量研究,但多数集中在药用价值方面,而对其资源培育等研究较少,更缺乏相应的综述。因此,本研究就木棉的分布、资源培育现状、观赏价值及园林应用等方面研究展开综述,旨在为今后开展木棉资源培育与利用提供参考。
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