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在温室、大棚等设施栽培系统中,温度、湿度、通气状况等均与露地栽培条件不同[1],土壤缺少雨水淋洗,且设施栽培又具有高度集约化、高复种指数、高肥料施用量的特点,与之相适宜的水肥管理措施的缺乏和特殊的生态环境导致产生诸多土壤问题,其中土壤次生盐渍化问题较为突出。土壤次生盐渍化已经成为了设施栽培中普遍存在问题,导致蔬菜作物产量和品质下降,对设施蔬菜生产的可持续发展产生了严重不利的影响。黄瓜 Cucumis sativus在中国蔬菜设施栽培中占有重要地位,是设施栽培的主要蔬菜之一,对土壤次生盐渍化敏感[2]。土壤次生盐渍化导致黄瓜植株生长受到抑制,盐和盐离子的大量积累诱导植物体发生生化反应,如活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)积累等,造成脂质过氧化反应产生,使植物受到氧化胁迫伤害[3-4]。ROS最重要的形式是羟基自由基、单线态氧、超氧阴离子和过氧化氢。植物可产生一系列的内源机制,如低分子量的非酶抗氧化物质和酶的组分,来保护植物抵御ROS的毒害作用[5]。超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)是一种金属蛋白,催化超氧化物自由基歧化形成过氧化氢和氧气[6],然后过氧化氢被过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和多种过氧化物酶(peroxidases,POD)所清除,转化成水和氧气。SOD,POD,CAT是细胞膜系统免受ROS伤害的保护酶[7-8],在植物体中广泛存在,其活性的高低可在一定程度上反应植物抗逆性的强弱。盐胁迫还导致黄瓜果实品质变差,如可溶性蛋白、总糖、抗坏血酸(Vc)等均受到显著影响,产量下降[9],因此,选育耐盐黄瓜品种和研究其耐盐机制是十分重要的。在前人研究基础上,本研究以黄瓜为材料,采用营养液水培,研究了盐(NaCl)胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶片、根系和韧皮部渗出液SOD,POD和CAT同工酶活性表达的影响,以期为黄瓜设施栽培及耐盐性强黄瓜品种的选育提供理论依据和支撑。
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