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竹子属于禾本科Poaceae竹亚科Bambusoideae,热带和亚热带为其主要分布区。竹亚科又包括了木本的竹类和草本的竹类[1]。世界上的竹子约有88属1 400余种[2],其中草本竹类有28属,180余种。绝大多数草本竹类分布在拉丁美洲,非洲有5属,亚洲和大洋洲共有3属,中国仅台湾有1种草本竹即Leptaspis formosana,其他地区尚未见报道[3]。竹子的开花是一个复杂的生理现象,其开花类型多样,开花周期较长且难以预测。不同竹种的开花周期不同,即使同一竹种,不同地方的开花周期也不是固定不变的。另外,大多数竹种为一生一次性开花植物,随着开花结实,植株衰老死亡[4-7]。竹子的开花特性不仅给竹种分类鉴定、杂交育种等工作带来困难,竹林的大面积开花衰老还导致严重的经济损失和生态环境的破坏[8]。所以竹子的开花现象一直是生物学研究的热点和难点。迄今为止,关于竹子开花现象的描述也有很多,但大多数都是针对木本竹类, 对于草本竹开花现象的研究却未见报道。藓竺属Mniochloa为禾本科竹亚科莪利竹族Olyreae草本竹类,多分布在巴西、古巴等地。因与提灯藓属Mnium很相似,1908年,CHASE将它命名为Mniochloa,并归入黍族Paniceae。近年来,研究者把Mniochloa和Ekmanochloa归入竹亚科莪利竹族[9-10]。本课题组将原产于巴西的草本竹Mniochloa abersend引种至浙江临安,对其形态特征与开花生物学特性进行系统观察与研究,以期为全面了解竹子的开花生物学特性,并可为后续开展竹子杂交育种等研究工作提供参考。
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