-
十字花科Brassicaceae植物多为1年生或多年生的草本植物,包含小白菜Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis、甘蓝Brassica oleracea var. capitata、油菜Brassica napus、萝卜Raphanus sativus等蔬菜作物,还有二月兰Orychophragmus violaceus等观赏植物,以及板蓝根Isatis tinctoria等药用植物等。十字花科植物中富含叶绿素,且叶与茎中的叶绿素远高于其他色素,因此外观上呈现绿色,但在彩叶植物或者叶绿素缺失植物中,由于其他色素大幅增加或叶绿素大幅减少而呈现彩色或黄色等。植物中存在着数量巨大的各类突变体,常作为研究植物生理生化机制与基因组功能的重要材料[1-3]。其中一类叶绿素缺失,植株表型黄化的突变体,称为黄化突变体[4-5]。由于黄化性状易观察,可以直观呈现植物体内叶绿素的多寡,且影响植物光合作用及生长发育,因此黄化突变体是研究叶绿素合成代谢的优良材料。本研究对十字花科植物中发现的黄化突变进行分类,总结黄化突变体形态结构及光合色素含量的变化规律,探求黄化形成原因与分子机制,归纳黄化性状遗传模式,为十字花科植物的叶绿素代谢及叶绿体发育等研究提供参考。
Research progress on the characteristics and molecular mechanism of yellowing mutation in Brassicaceae
-
摘要: 十字花科Brassicaceae植物多数生长发育时间短,生长过程中自然发生,或使用物理或化学方法诱导,常会出现一些颜色较淡或金黄的突变个体即黄化突变体。这些突变体表型直观,表现为植株矮小,叶绿素较低,植株光合作用受抑制,产量降低,因此黄化突变常被视为有害突变。但近20 a来黄化突变体日益受到研究者们的重视与青睐,被用于研究植物叶绿体结构、叶绿素合成代谢等方面。本研究简要介绍了十字花科植物常见的黄化突变类型及其主要的外观特征,综述了十字花科植物黄化突变体的叶绿体超微结构、光合色素及其光合性能,并对十字花科植物黄化突变的遗传特性、分子机制进行了讨论,为十字花科植物叶色突变研究及新品种选育提供理论基础。参52Abstract: During their short growth period, most Brassicaceae plants have some light-green or golden-colored mutants, named as yellow mutants, either naturally grown or induced physically or chemically. Such mutants, with intuitive phenotypes, such as shortness, low chlorophyll content and suppressed photosynthesis usually result in the reduction of yield, thus considered as harmful. In the past two decades, the phenomenon of yellowing mutation has attracted an increasing amount of attention from scholors with the research results applied in the study of plant chloroplast structure and chlorophyll metabolism. This review, with a brief introduction to the common types, phenotype characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic properties of yellowing mutants in Brassicaceae plants, is aimed at a discussion of the genetic characteristics and molecular mechanism of the yellowing mutation in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the study of leaf color mutations and selection of new varieties in Brassicaceae plants. [Ch, 52 ref.]
-
Key words:
- botany /
- Brassicaceae /
- yellowing mutation /
- chlorophyll /
- chloroplast /
- molecular mechanism /
- review
-
[1] 赵波. 甘蓝型油菜矮秆基因定位、克隆及功能分析[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2017. ZHAO Bo. Gentic Mapping, Cloning and Functional Analysis of Dwarf Genes in Brassica napus L.[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2017. [2] 张甜. 芥菜紫叶基因Bj.Pur定位及候选基因分析[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2017. ZHANG Tian. Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Bj.Pur, a Gene Controlling Purple Leaf in Brassica juncea[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2017. [3] 赖艳, 付秋实, 吕建春, 等. 一个新的薄皮甜瓜叶色突变体的生理特性及超微结构分析[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2018, 36(3): 372 − 379. LAI Yan, FU Qiushi, LÜ Jianchun, et al. Analysis of physiological characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of a new leaf color mutant in melon [J]. J Sichuan Agric Univ, 2018, 36(3): 372 − 379. [4] 刘红艳, 周芳, 李俊, 等. 芝麻黄化突变体YL1的叶片解剖学及光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(12): 1856 − 1863. LIU Hongyan, ZHOU Fang, LI Jun, et al. Anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of a yellow leaf mutant YL1 in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sin, 2017, 43(12): 1856 − 1863. [5] 杨小苗, 吴新亮, 刘玉凤, 等. 一个番茄EMS叶色黄化突变体的叶绿素含量及光合作用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(6): 1983 − 1989. YANG Xiaomiao, WU Xinliang, LIU Yufeng, et al. Analysis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis of a tomato chlorophyll-deficient mutant induced by EMS [J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2018, 29(6): 1983 − 1989. [6] 迟鸣雨. 青梗菜黄化突变体生理特性及转录组分析[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2017. CHI Mingyu. Transcriptome and Physiological Characterization Analysis of a Chlorosis Mutant of Pachoi[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2017. [7] 郭士伟, 张云华, 金永庆, 等. 小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)黄苗突变体的叶绿素荧光特性栽[J]. 作物学报, 2003, 29(6): 958 − 960. GUO Shiwei, ZHANG Yunhua, JIN Yongqing, et al. Characterization of chlorophyll fluorescence in a mutant of Brassica chinensis L. with xanthan seedling leaves [J]. Acta Agronomica Sin, 2003, 29(6): 958 − 960. [8] 张琨, 刘志勇, 单晓菲, 等. 青梗菜黄化突变体pylm遗传特性分析[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2017, 48(1): 1 − 8. ZHANG Kun, LIU Zhiyong, SHAN Xiaofei, et al. Genetic analysis of a yellow mutant pylm in pakchoi [J]. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2017, 48(1): 1 − 8. [9] 杨冲, 张扬勇, 方智远, 等. 甘蓝叶色黄化突变体YL-1的光合生理特性及其叶绿体的超微结构[J]. 园艺学报, 2014, 41(6): 1133 − 1144. YANG Chong, ZHANG Yangyong, FANG Zhiyuan, et al. Photosynthetic physiological characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of yellow leaf mutant YL-1 in cabbage [J]. Acta Hortic Sin, 2014, 41(6): 1133 − 1144. [10] 杜江涛. 大白菜金黄叶色突变基因lcm2的克隆及鉴定[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2018. DU Jiangtao. Cloning and Identification of a Golden Leaf Gene lcm2 in Chinese Cabbage[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2018. [11] 侯爱琳. 大白菜叶片黄化突变基因lcm3的克隆与鉴定[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2018. HOU Ailin. Cloning and Identification of lcm3, a Leaf Chlorosis Mutantion Gene in Chinese Cabbage[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2018. [12] ZHAO Hua, YU Lei, HUAI Zexun, et al. Mapping and candidate gene identification defining BnChd1-1, a locus involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in Brassica napus [J]. Acta Physiol Plant, 2014, 36(4): 859 − 870. [13] 董遵, 刘敬阳, 马红梅, 等. 甘蓝型油菜黄化(苗)突变体的叶绿素含量及超微结构[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2000, 22(3): 27 − 29, 34. DONG Zun, LIU Jingyang, MA Hongmei, et al. Chlorophyll contents and chloroplast ultrastructure of chlorophyll deficient mutant in B. napus [J]. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2000, 22(3): 27 − 29, 34. [14] 陈艳丽. 甘蓝型油菜黄化突变体的基因定位[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2011. CHEN Yanli. Genetic Mapping of the Yellow Mutant Gene in Brassca napus[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2011. [15] ZHU Lixia, ZENG Xinhua, CHEN Yanli, et al. Genetic characterisation and fine mapping of a chlorophyll-deficient mutant (BnaC.ygl) in Brassica napus [J]. Mol Breed, 2014, 34(2): 603 − 614. [16] 杨胜洪, 杜林方, 赵云, 等. 抽薹期叶绿素缺乏油菜突变体类囊体膜的研究[J]. 云南植物研究, 2001, 23(1): 97 − 104. YANG Shenghong, DU Linfang, ZHAO Yun, et al. Study on the thylakoid membranes from a chlorophyll-deficient oilseed rape mutant at the bolting stage [J]. Acta Bot Yunnan, 2001, 23(1): 97 − 104. [17] FRICK G, SU Qingxiang, APEL K, et al. An Arabidopsis porB porC double mutant lacking light-dependent NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases B and C is highly chlorophyll-deficient and developmentally arrested [J]. Plant J Cell Mol Biol, 2003, 35(2): 141 − 153. [18] BANG W Y, JEONG I S, KIM D W, et al. Role of Arabidopsis CHL27 protein for photosynthesis, chloroplast development and gene expression profiling [J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2008, 49(9): 1350 − 1363. [19] PRIVAT I, HAKIMI M A, BUHOT L, et al. Characterization of Arabidopsis plastid sigma-like transcription factors SIG1, SIG2 and SIG3 [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2003, 51(3): 385 − 399. [20] KUMAR A M, SÖLL D. Antisense HEMA1 RNA expression inhibits heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Physiol, 2000, 122(1): 49 − 56. [21] KOBAYASHI K, KONDO M, FUKUDA H, et al. Galactolipid synthesis in chloroplast inner envelope is essential for proper thylakoid biogenesis, photosynthesis, and embryogenesis [J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 2007, 104(43): 17216 − 17221. [22] 白大勇. 拟南芥真叶白化突变体cfl1的基因克隆与初步功能分析[D]. 开封: 河南大学, 2013. BAI Dayong. Map-based Cloning and Functional Analysis of Tue-Leaves-Etiolation Mutant cfl1 in Arabidopsis thaliana[D]. Kaifeng: Henan University, 2013. [23] 肖华贵, 杨焕文, 饶勇, 等. 甘蓝型油菜黄化突变体的光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数分析[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(3): 520 − 529. XIAO Huagui, YANG Huanwen, RAO Yong, et al. Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters analyses of chlorophyll-reduced mutant in Brassica napus L. [J]. Acta Agronomica Sin, 2013, 39(3): 520 − 529. [24] CHANG C S J, WU M S H. COP1-Mediated degradation of BBX22/LZF1 optimizes seedling development in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Physiol, 2011, 156(1): 228 − 239. [25] 李玮, 于澄宇, 胡胜武. 芥菜型油菜叶片黄化突变体的初步研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 35(9): 79 − 82. LI Wei, YU Chengyu, HU Shengwu. Primary investigation on a chlorsis mutant in Brassica juncea L. [J]. J Northwest A&F Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2007, 35(9): 79 − 82. [26] GAO Hongbo, SAGE T L, OSTERYOUNG K W. FZL, an FZO-like protein in plants, is a determinant of thylakoid and chloroplast morphology [J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 2006, 103(17): 6759 − 6764. [27] KIM Y K, LEE J Y, CHO H S, et al. Inactivation of organellar glutamyl- and seryl-trna synthetases leads to developmental arrest of chloroplasts and mitochondria in higher plants [J]. J Biol Chem, 2005, 280(44): 37098 − 37106. [28] 赵云, 王茂林, 李江, 等. 幼叶黄化油菜(Brassica napus L.)突变体Cr3529叶绿体超微结构观察[J]. 四川大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 40(5): 974 − 977. ZHAO Yun, WANG Maolin, LI Jiang, et al. Observation of the chloroplast in chlorophyll-reduced seeding mutant Cr3529, Brassica napus L. [J]. J Sichuan Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2003, 40(5): 974 − 977. [29] 吴砚农. 小白菜黄化突变体生理特性及遗传特性分析[D]. 杭州: 浙江农林大学, 2019. WU Yannong. Analysis of Physiological Characteristics and Genetic Characteristics of Pakchoi Yellowing Mutant[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang A&F University, 2019. [30] AUSTIN J, WEBBER A N. Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with reduced chloroplast number [J]. Photosynth Res, 2005, 85(3): 373 − 384. [31] OKAZAKI K, KABEYA Y, SUZUKI K, et al. The PLASTID DIVISION1 and 2 components of the chloroplast division machinery determine the rate of chloroplast division in land plant cell differentiation [J]. Plant Cell, 2009, 21(6): 1769 − 1780. [32] 牟钰. 白菜黄化突变基因py2的精细定位[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2018. MU Yu. Fine Mapping of py2, a Gene Referred to Yellow Leaf Mutant in Packoi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis)[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2018. [33] 方怡然, 薛立. 盐胁迫对植物叶绿素荧光影响的研究进展[J]. 生态科学, 2019, 38(3): 225 − 234. FANG Yiran, XUE Li. Research advances in the effect of salt stress on plant chlorophyll fluorescence [J]. Ecol Sci, 2019, 38(3): 225 − 234. [34] TSANG E W T, YANG Jingyi, CHANG Qing, et al. Chlorophyll reduction in the seed of Brassica napus with a glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase antisense gene [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2003, 51(2): 191 − 201. [35] 田颖, 黄谦心, 刘海衡, 等. 芥菜型油菜黄化突变体L638-y的遗传及黄化基因gr1的分子标记[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 40(12): 90 − 96. TIAN Ying, HUANG Qianxin, LIU Haiheng, et al. Imheritance of chlorophyll-deficient mutant L638-y in Brassica juncea L. and molecular markers for chlorophyll-deficient gene gr1 [J]. J Northwest A&F Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2012, 40(12): 90 − 96. [36] 吴自明, 张欣, 万建民, 等. 叶绿素生物合成的分子调控[J]. 植物生理学报, 2008, 44(6): 1064 − 1070. WU Ziming, ZHANG Xin, WAN Jianmin, et al. Molecular regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis [J]. Plant Physiol Commun, 2008, 44(6): 1064 − 1070. [37] NAGATA N. Identification of a vinyl reductase gene for chlorophyll synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and implications for the evolution of prochlorococcus species [J]. Plant Cell, 2005, 17(1): 233 − 240. [38] 孙捷音, 张年辉, 杜林方. 油菜叶绿素b减少突变体Cr3529叶绿素生物合成的研究[J]. 西北植物研究, 2007, 27(10): 1962 − 1966. SUN Jieyin, ZHANG Nianhui, DU Linfang. Chlorophyll biosynthesis in a chlorophyll b-deficient oilseed rape mutant Cr3529 [J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2007, 27(10): 1962 − 1966. [39] 吕明, 刘海衡, 毛虎德, 等. 芥菜型油菜黄化突变体叶片叶绿素合成代谢变化[J]. 西北植物学报, 2010, 30(11): 2177 − 2183. LÜ Ming, LIU Haiheng, MAO Hude, et al. Changes of chlorophyll synthesis metabolism in chlorophyll-deficient mutant in Brassica juncea [J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2010, 30(11): 2177 − 2183. [40] PONTIER D, ALBRIEUX C, JOYARD J, et al. Knock-out of the magnesium protoporphyrin Ⅸ methyltransferase gene in Arabidopsis: effects on chloroplast development and on chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling [J]. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(4): 2297 − 2304. [41] LARKIN R M. GUN4, a regulator of chlorophyll synthesis and intracellular signaling [J]. Science, 2003, 299(5608): 902 − 906. [42] KOBAYASHI K, FUJII S, SASAKI D, et al. Transcriptional regulation of thylakoid galactolipid biosynthesis coordinated with chlorophyll biosynthesis during the development of chloroplasts in Arabidopsis[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2014, 5(11): 272. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00272. [43] HUANG Yishiuan, LI Hsoumin. Arabidopsis CHLI2 can substitute for CHLI1 [J]. Plant Physiol, 2009, 150(2): 636 − 645. [44] WATERS M T, LANGDALE J A. The making of a chloroplast [J]. EMBO J, 2009, 28(19): 2861 − 2873. [45] CHANG C S J, LI Y H, CHEN L T, et al. LZF1, a HY5-regulated transcriptional factor, functions in Arabidopsis de-etiolation [J]. Plant J, 2008, 54(2): 205 − 219. [46] 张年辉, 杜林方, 赵云, 等. 叶绿素缺乏油菜突变体的LHCⅡ多肽组成、蛋白含量与cab基因转录研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2004, 24(3): 484 − 487. ZHANG Nianhui, DU Linfang, ZHAO Yun, et al. Study on the polypeptide composition and content of LHC Ⅱ and the cab gene transcription inchlorophyll-reduced mutant of oilseed rape seedlings [J]. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2004, 24(3): 484 − 487. [47] MIURA E, KATO Y, MATSUSHIMA R, et al. The balance between protein synthesis and degradation in chloroplasts determines leaf variegation in Arabidopsis yellow variegated mutants [J]. Plant Cell, 2007, 19(4): 1313 − 1328. [48] MOCHIZUKI N, BRUSSLAN J A, LARKIN R, et al. Arabidopsis genomes uncoupled 5(GUN5) mutant reveals the involvement of Mg-chelatase H subunit in plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction [J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci, 2001, 98(4): 2053 − 2058. [49] NAESTED H. Arabidopsis VARIEGATED 3 encodes a chloroplast-targeted, zinc-finger protein required for chloroplast and palisade cell development [J]. J Cell Sci, 2004, 117(20): 4807 − 4818. [50] SAKAMOTO W. Coordinated regulation and complex formation of Yellow Variegated1 and Yellow Variegated2, chloroplastic FtsH metalloproteases involved in the repair cycle of Photosystem Ⅱ in Arabidopsis thylakoid membranes [J]. Plant Cell, 2003, 15(12): 2843 − 2855. [51] SJOGREN L L E, STANNE T M, ZHENG B, et al. Structural and functional insights into the chloroplast ATP-dependent clp protease in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell, 2006, 18(10): 2635 − 2649. [52] ZALTSMAN A, ORI N, ADAM Z. Two types of FtsH protease subunits are required for chloroplast biogenesis and Photosystem Ⅱ repair in Arabidopsis [J]. Plant Cell, 2005, 17(10): 2782 − 2790. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200132
计量
- 文章访问数: 1385
- HTML全文浏览量: 331
- PDF下载量: 214
- 被引次数: 0