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过去30多年来中国城镇化的不断推进,社会经济水平增长迅速,人们物质生活水平不断提高,但人类活动对自然生态系统产生了十分严重的破坏,“城市病”和“农村病”等问题日益突出[1-2]。近几年“生态园林城市”以及“美丽乡村”建设的提出与实践强调了人与环境的和谐相处,将城市与乡村的生态环境引向良性发展的趋势。中国把生态文明建设放在突出地位,并纳入社会主义现代化建设总体布局,表明了保护与改善环境的决心,也标志着中国生态文明建设跨入新时代的新征程[3]。竹类植物是重要的森林资源,在全世界约有70多属1 200余种,主要分布在热带及亚热带地区。中国的竹类植物资源丰富,分布广泛,现有竹类植物39属500余种,竹林面积为逾500万hm2,占到世界竹林总面积的1/4[4]。因竹类植物具有生长快、产量高、适应性强等特点,近年来被广泛的运用到城市和乡村绿地景观的营造中,针对竹类植物生态环境功能的研究也逐渐引起国内外学者的重视。直至目前,对竹类植物生态环境功能研究进展的阐述主要集中在涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙以及保护生物多样性等生态功能方面[5-8],针对竹类植物在目前环境科学研究中的热点领域,如城市小气候环境、大气污染、碳循环等方面的综述还涉及较少。针对这些问题,作者主要从改善小气候环境、净化空气、释放空气负离子和固碳释氧等方面对竹类植物的主要环境效应研究进行综述。
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