Surface roughness of high moisture content wood and bamboo laminated lumber sliced veneer (bamboo)

YU Hongwei; LIU Zhikun; LÜ Rongjin; LUO Congjun; LÜ Zejun; LI Guangyao

doi:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.04.018

Volume 34 Issue 4

Jul. 2017

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YU Hongwei, LIU Zhikun, LÜ Rongjin, LUO Congjun, LÜ Zejun, LI Guangyao. Surface roughness of high moisture content wood and bamboo laminated lumber sliced veneer (bamboo)[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2017, 34(4): 711-720. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.04.018

Citation:

YU Hongwei, LIU Zhikun, LÜ Rongjin, LUO Congjun, LÜ Zejun, LI Guangyao. Surface roughness of high moisture content wood and bamboo laminated lumber sliced veneer (bamboo)[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2017, 34(4): 711-720. doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.04.018

Surface roughness of high moisture content wood and bamboo laminated lumber sliced veneer (bamboo)

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.04.018

1.
School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
2.
Zhejiang Shenghua Yunfeng Greeneo Co., LTD, Deqing 313220, Zhejiang, China

Received Date: 2015-07-12
Rev Recd Date: 2016-09-20
Publish Date: 2017-08-20

Abstract

China, a developing country with comparatively meager timber resources and with natural, precious, and high-quality wood that is becoming scarcer, has produced various artificial veneers imitating the color and grain of precious wood using small-diameter and low-quality timber, which in turn has become an important way to replenish natural decorative veneer resources. Wood timber and bamboo squares fabricated by freshly-felled timber (green timber) finger-joint widened and thickened was sliced directly into wood or bamboo veneers, to not only simplify the manufacturing technique, but also to save on production costs and to increase economic benefits. Freshly-felled Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, and Cinnamomum camphora with moisture content above the fiber saturation point were first, sawed into sheets or lumber; second, transversely truncated into wood blocks without knots; and third, made into combination unit or bamboo cane billets. Next, newly logged Phyllostachys edulis was cut longitudinally and planed roughly into bamboo cane billets. These bamboo cane billets were then smoothly planed and glued by polyurethane rubber and mixed glues. Finally they were widened and thickened into predetermined sizes, wood timber: 2 550 mm × 670 mm × 450 mm; and bamboo squares: 2 550 mm × 670 mm × 485 mm depending on actual production demand. The high moisture content laminated wood timber and bamboo squares used a cold-press gluing process. These were then sliced into wood or bamboo veneer. To determine whether the wood or bamboo veneers fabricated by this new technology met follow-up processing requirements, surface roughness was tested when the air-dried moisture content was about 15% and measured by the stylus tracing method. Results showed that surface roughness of high moisture content wood and bamboo laminated lumber sliced veneer and bamboo could meet the quality requirements of various base material veneers with a strong relationship to the material, grain direction, and finger-joints; but not to bamboo knots. Compared to Triplochiton scleroxylon technical wood and Tilia amurensis technical wood, differences were minor.
- wood science and technology,
- high moisture content wood,
- laminated lumber,
- sliced veneer-bamboo,
- surface roughness

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References

[1]	RICHTER K, FEIST W C, KNAEBE M T. The effect of surface roughness on the performance of finishes (Ⅰ) roughness characterization and stain performance [J]. For Prod J, 1995, 45(7/8): 91-97.
[2]	HAO Wentao, ZHANG Zhankuan, LI Li. Effect of sanding parameter on sliced veneers surface roughness using brush sander without upholder [J]. China Wood Ind, 2013, 27(3): 34-37.
[3]	HE Hongkui, LI Haodong, FU Peng. Study on the relationship between bonding strength and roughness of sanding bamboo surface [J]. J Northwest A & F Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2011, 39(4): 77-80, 88.
[4]	CAO Huanling, ZHANG Wei, FAN Xingduo, et al. Thin bamboo sanding surface roughness measurement and analysis [J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2011, 22(6): 8-10.
[5]	SUN Yuan, LI Li. Effect on bonding strength of surface roughness of sanding wood [J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2010, 21(3): 41-43.
[6]	LI Haodong, LI Li. Effect on bonding strength of sanding surface roughness of wood and bamboo [J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2009, 20(1): 4-8, 11.
[7]	JIANG Zehui, YU Wenji, YE Kelin. Analysis of bamboo surface roughness by stylus method [J]. China Wood Ind, 2001, 15(5): 14-16.
[8]	YANG Yongfu, LI Li, WU Liqing. Effects of physical properties of moso bamboo on planning surface [J]. J Bejing For Univ, 2008, 30(1): 133-136.
[9]	WU Liqing, YANG Yongfu. Study on the effects of cutting thickness of bamboo on its cutting quality [J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2006, 17(1): 15-18.
[10]	WANG Mingzhi, WANG Jieying, LI Li. Roughness and roughness sense of wood surface from different machining processes [J]. J Bejing For Univ, 2005, 27(1): 14-18.
[11]	PENG Limin, WANG Jinlin. A study on processing edge jointed veneer [J]. China Wood Ind, 2004, 18(5): 11-14.
[12]	LI Guangyao, LÜ Zejun, LIU Zhikun. A preliminary study on the main mechanical properties of the high moisture content of wood after finger-jointed [J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2015, 30(3): 224-227.

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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中国的木材资源相对贫乏，天然珍贵木材、优质木材更是越来越少，利用小径级、低质材生产各种仿天然珍贵树种木材颜色和纹理的人造薄木已成为补充天然装饰薄木资源的途径之一，而木材加工工件表面粗糙度是评价其表面质量的重要指标之一。不少学者对刨切薄木(竹)表面粗糙度进行过很多相关研究。RICHTER等^[1]用探针法测定了木材表面粗糙度对木材表面涂饰的影响；郝文弢等^[2]研究发现，增加砂光次数，增大砂轮转速，减小进给速度，减小砂轮直径均可减小刨切薄木表面粗糙度；贺宏奎等^[3]研究发现，在不同粒度砂带磨削加工竹材后，对试件进行胶合强度试验，砂带粒度过小和过大时，胶合强度均较低，竹材胶合加工表面磨削时选择100目的砂带较为合理；曹欢玲等^[4]研究发现，分别用不同粒度砂带砂磨薄竹材，随着砂带目数增大，竹材砂磨表面粗糙度参数轮廓算术平均偏差R_a，轮廓最大高度R_z和轮廓微观不平度平均间距R_sm值均呈降低趋势，轮廓支承长度率R_mr呈递增趋势；孙媛等^[5]研究发现，砂带粒度越大，磨削水曲柳Fraxinus mandschurica，红松Pinus koraiensis，落叶松Larix gmelinii和榆木Ulmus rubra后，磨削表面粗糙度不一定越好；李浩东等^[6]研究发现，材种和表面组织构造影响表面粗糙度，砂带磨削木竹材表面的胶合强度在磨削砂带粒度为100~150目时达到最大值；江泽慧等^[7]研究发现，竹材表面粗糙度随竹龄的增加而减小，竹青表面比竹黄更光滑，与水曲柳和水青冈Fagus longipetiolata相比，竹材外侧的表面粗糙度相对较小^[7]；杨永福等^[8]研究发现，竹材不同切面切削质量有明显区别，纵向刨切表面质量优于横向刨切，竹材密度及含水率对刨切表面质量影响较为明显，密度越大，刨切表面质量越高，含水率与刨切表面粗糙度呈良好的二次曲线关系；武丽清等^[9]研究发现，切削厚度越大，切削表面越粗糙，切削厚度与表面粗糙度基本呈线形关系；王明枝等^[10]研究发现，树种、切削方式、切面和木材的表面组织构造会影响木材的表面粗糙度，表面粗糙度值因为加工方法不同而不同，随着加工精度的提高而降低；彭立民等^[11]研究发现，集成薄木的表面粗糙度和木材材质有关，且集成木方的胶合面对薄木的表面粗糙度无明显影响。新伐材(生材)在指接后拼宽、拼厚制得集成木(竹)方材，再刨切制得薄木(竹)，不仅能简化生产工艺，还能节约生产成本，提高经济效益。作者就高含水率木(竹)材集成后刨切薄木(竹)生产工艺及薄木(竹)表面粗糙度进行研究，检验该工艺是否满足后续加工工艺需求。

3. 结论与讨论

高含水率木(竹)材经特定工艺集成制得木(竹)方，刨切后所获得的薄木(竹)表面粗糙度，杉木、马尾松、马尾松-樟树木复合集成方材刨切薄木R_a最高值分别为22.896，14.021，17.985 μm，R_z最高值分别为135.004，95.674，115.643 μm，对照GB/T 13010-2006指标要求，马尾松和马尾松-樟树木复合材符合质量要求，杉木的R_a偏高。

高含水率杉木、马尾松、马尾松-樟树木复合材集成木方刨切后所获得的刨切薄木，其表面粗糙度同木材构造、密度及纹理方向有关。木材构造主要表现在导管、早晚材、木射线等等。阔叶材中的环孔材，早、晚材导管直径和导管壁有明显变化，径切面上早材的大导管对粗糙度影响较大，而弦切面上避开了早晚材的变化，粗糙度影响相对较小；散孔材细胞腔大、壁薄，导管直径大小没有显著差别，径切面上木材材质结构比较均匀，较弦切面更光滑^[10]。针叶材无导管构造，主要由轴向管胞组成，占整个木材体积的90%以上，早材管胞两端为钝楔形，胞腔较大，胞壁较薄，径向比弦向直径大，常为多边形；晚材管胞两端为尖楔形，胞腔较小，胞壁较厚，径向比弦向直径小，常为扁平的四边形；管胞壁上有具缘纹孔，常见纹孔呈圆形，较大，单行排列，或互列，这些构造的差异均是影响刨切薄木的粗糙度因素。此外，3种木材密度不同^[12]，含水率变化时尺寸变化量不同，刨切时所受剪切应力也不同，而同种木材的纹理方向不同，干缩湿胀性不同，干缩应力方向也不同，故刨切后产生的表面粗糙度也会相应产生变化。

高含水率木集成材刨切薄木指榫连接处的表面粗糙度同指榫加工质量、嵌合度及指榫连接工艺等因素密切有关。指榫连接时为使指榫连接牢固、紧密，其嵌合度必须为正值，接长时指榫榫体受到挤压，在指榫面上产生压缩，但在刨切成薄木时压缩应力得到释放，在指榫连接处产生不同程度的膨胀，从而导致粗糙度增大，但因嵌合度值较小，由此造成的表面粗糙度差异不明显，不影响薄木的后续应用。

毛竹集成材刨切后所获得的刨切薄竹，顺纹方向测定的表面粗糙度明显优于横纹方向；而在同一测定方向上，节间与节部的表面粗糙度无明显差异。竹节处的4个表面粗糙度评定参数与节间相比，无明显差异，因为两者均基本呈原态，无内应力存在，同时为使刨切薄竹的厚度均匀一致，提高刨刀的使用寿命，对竹集成方材的软化工艺进行优化，提高了软化温度，延长了软化时间，提高了薄竹表面质量。

高含水率杉木、马尾松、马尾松-樟树木复合材刨切薄木表面粗糙度与白梧桐科技木、紫椴科技木薄木相比，粗糙度值小，表面更光滑。在高含水率条件下，木材细胞的细胞壁韧性大，而且导管中有自由水存在，在一定程度上增加了刨切薄木的韧性，降低了刨切阻力，减少了细胞(导管)壁的破损，提高了刨切薄木质量。毛竹集成材刨切亦如此。

Reference (12)

[1]	RICHTER K, FEIST W C, KNAEBE M T. The effect of surface roughness on the performance of finishes (Ⅰ) roughness characterization and stain performance[J]. For Prod J, 1995, 45(7/8): 91-97.
[2]	郝文弢, 张占宽, 李黎. 无支撑条状刷式砂光工艺参数对薄木表面粗糙度的影响[J]. 木材工业, 2013, 27(3): 34-37.	HAO Wentao, ZHANG Zhankuan, LI Li. Effect of sanding parameter on sliced veneers surface roughness using brush sander without upholder[J]. China Wood Ind, 2013, 27(3): 34-37.
[3]	贺宏奎, 李浩东, 傅鹏. 竹材磨削表面粗糙度与胶合强度关系的研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(4): 77-80, 88.	HE Hongkui, LI Haodong, FU Peng. Study on the relationship between bonding strength and roughness of sanding bamboo surface[J]. J Northwest A & F Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2011, 39(4): 77-80, 88.
[4]	曹欢玲, 张蔚, 范兴铎. 刨切薄竹材砂光表面粗糙度测量与分析[J]. 木材加工机械, 2011, 22(6): 8-10.	CAO Huanling, ZHANG Wei, FAN Xingduo. Thin bamboo sanding surface roughness measurement and analysis[J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2011, 22(6): 8-10.
[5]	孙媛, 李黎. 木材磨削表面粗糙度对胶合强度的影响[J]. 木材加工机械, 2010, 21(3): 41-43.	SUN Yuan, LI Li. Effect on bonding strength of surface roughness of sanding wood[J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2010, 21(3): 41-43.
[6]	李浩东, 李黎. 磨削木竹材表面粗糙度对胶合强度的影响[J]. 木材加工机械, 2009, 20(1): 4-8, 11.	LI Haodong, LI Li. Effect on bonding strength of sanding surface roughness of wood and bamboo[J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2009, 20(1): 4-8, 11.
[7]	江泽慧, 于文吉, 叶克林. 探针法测量与分析竹材表面粗糙度[J]. 木材工业, 2001, 15(5): 14-16.	JIANG Zehui, YU Wenji, YE Kelin. Analysis of bamboo surface roughness by stylus method[J]. China Wood Ind, 2001, 15(5): 14-16.
[8]	杨永福, 李黎, 武丽清. 毛竹物理性质对刨切表面质量的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2008, 30(1): 133-136.	YANG Yongfu, LI Li, WU Liqing. Effects of physical properties of moso bamboo on planning surface[J]. J Bejing For Univ, 2008, 30(1): 133-136.
[9]	武丽清, 杨永福. 切削厚度对竹材刨切质量影响的研究[J]. 木材加工机械, 2006, 17(1): 15-18.	WU Liqing, YANG Yongfu. Study on the effects of cutting thickness of bamboo on its cutting quality[J]. Wood Proc Mach, 2006, 17(1): 15-18.
[10]	王明枝, 王洁瑛, 李黎. 木材表面粗糙度的分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(1): 14-18.	WANG Mingzhi, WANG Jieying, LI Li. Roughness and roughness sense of wood surface from different machining processes[J]. J Bejing For Univ, 2005, 27(1): 14-18.
[11]	彭立民, 王金林. 集成薄木制造工艺研究[J]. 木材工业, 2004, 18(5): 11-14.	PENG Limin, WANG Jinlin. A study on processing edge jointed veneer[J]. China Wood Ind, 2004, 18(5): 11-14.
[12]	李光耀, 吕泽军, 刘志坤. 高含水率木材指榫连接后主要力学性能初探[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2015, 30(3): 224-227.	LI Guangyao, LÜ Zejun, LIU Zhikun. A preliminary study on the main mechanical properties of the high moisture content of wood after finger-jointed[J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2015, 30(3): 224-227.

参数	部位及纹理		杉木集成木A不同刨切含水率下的参考变化			标准差	P值
参数	部位及纹理		49.5%	40.2%	35.2%	标准差	P值
R_a/μm	非指榫处	顺纹	12.648 0	13.553 0	13.970 0	0.552	0.03
	非指榫处	横纹	19.601 0	19.868 0	19.006 0	0.360	0.04
	指榫处	横纹	22.627 0	22.896 0	22.021 0	0.366	0.04
R_z/μm	非指榫处	顺纹	75.601 0	77.308 0	87.374 0	5.194	0.03
	非指榫处	横纹	127.860 0	109.084 0	130.213 0	9.455	0.04
	指榫处	横纹	128.428 0	115.322 0	135.004 0	8.181	0.04
R_sm/mm	非指榫处	顺纹	0.2174 0	0.217 4	0.263 2	0.022	0.02
	非指榫处	横纹	0.3613 0	0.322 4	0.331 6	0.017	0.02
	指榫处	横纹	0.374 2	0.404 1	0.375 8	0.014	0.02
R_q/μm	非指榫处	顺纹	15.850 0	16.665 0	17.202 0	0.556	0.03
	非指榫处	横纹	23.785 0	23.880 0	24.054 0	0.111	0.02
	指榫处	横纹	27.222 0	27.385 0	26.879 0	0.211	0.02

参数	部位	纹理	马尾松集成木B不同刨切含水率下的参考变化			标准差	P值
参数	部位	纹理	52.4%	42.1%	36.5%	标准差	P值
R_a/μm	非指榫处	顺纹	9.710 0	9.599 0	10.199 0	0.261	0.03
	非指榫处	横纹	9.124 0	11.195 0	11.249 0	0.989	0.03
	指榫处	横纹	11.754 0	13.847 0	14.021 0	1.030	0.04
R_z/μm	非指榫处	顺纹	70.820 0	85.984 0	58.275 0	11.329	0.03
	非指榫处	横纹	63.268 0	78.373 0	90.168 0	11.010	0.03
	指榫处	横纹	66.247 0	82.349 0	95.674 0	12.031	0.04
R_sm/mm	非指榫处	顺纹	0.285 2	0.247 1	0.256 3	0.016	0.02
	非指榫处	横纹	0.242 9	0.231 6	0.242 9	0.005	0.02
	指榫处	横纹	0.278 4	0.262 5	0.297 9	0.014	0.02
R_q/μm	非指榫处	顺纹	11.943 0	12.309 0	12.214 0	0.155	0.03
	非指榫处	横纹	11.282 0	13.992 0	13.788 0	1.232	0.03
	指榫处	横纹	16.284 0	17.208 0	17.321 0	0.465	0.04

参数	部位	纹理	马尾松樟树木复合集成木B+C不同刨切含水率下的参考变化			标准差	P值
参数	部位	纹理	51.5%	43.3%	34.8%	标准差	P值
	非指榫处	顺纹	14.586 0	14.572 0	14.457 0	0.058	0.02
R_a/μm		横纹	14.740 0	14.722 0	15.544 0	0.383	0.03
	横纹	横纹	14.780 0	15.846 0	17.985 0	1.333	0.04
	非指榫处	顺纹	97.717 0	97.843 0	95.652 0	1.004	0.04
R_z/μm		横纹	97.471 0	102.108 0	106.188 0	3.561	0.04
	指榫处	横纹	110.581 0	108.784 0	115.643 0	2.904	0.04
	非指榫处	顺纹	0.272 4	0.266 7	0.272 4	0.003	0.02
R_sm/mm		横纹	0.219 0	0.225 0	0.222 0	0.002	0.02
	指榫处	横纹	0.287 9	0.309 4	0.293 9	0.009	0.02
	非指榫处	顺纹	18.466 0	18.548 0	18.193 0	0.152	0.03
R_q/μm		横纹	18.202 0	18.082 0	19.420 0	0.604	0.03
	指榫处	横纹	22.641 0	23.578 0	25.956 0	1.395	0.04

参数	部位	纹理	毛竹集成竹D径向不同刨切含水率下的参考变化			标准差	P值
参数	部位	纹理	49.7%	41.3%	36.2%	标准差	P值
	节间	顺纹	10.958 0	12.079 0	12.780 0	0.750	0.06
R_a/μm	节间	横纹	19.918 0	24.076 0	24.114 0	1.969	0.08
R_z/μm	节部	顺纹	10.635 0	12.885 0	13.543 0	1.245	0.12
	节部	横纹	21.817 0	22.056 0	23.286 0	0.644	0.07
R_sm/mm	节间	顺纹	80.182 0	73.998 0	72.717 0	3.259	0.09
	节间	横纹	150.161 0	164.903 0	164.233 0	6.797	0.08
	节部	顺纹	67.271 0	81.224 0	79.778 0	6.265	0.09
	节部	横纹	144.744 0	147.427 0	140.192 0	2.986
R_q/μm	节间	顺纹	0.247 1	0.266 7	0.228 2	0.016
	节间	横纹	0.311 5	0.331 6	0.342 4	0.013
	节部	顺纹	0.208 3	0.217 4	0.294 1	0.038
	节部	横纹	0.356 3	0.356 2	0.351 5	0.002
R_a/μm	节间	顺纹	13.573 0	14.816 0	15.246 0	0.709
	节间	横纹	25.526 0	30.359 0	30.749 0	2.376
	节部	顺纹	13.332 0	16.494 0	17.333 0	1.723
	节部	横纹	27.545 0	27.796 0	28.380 0	0.350

参数	纹理	最大值	最小值	平均值	标准差
R_a/μm	顺纹	7.232	6.184	6.635	0.540
R_a/μm	横纹	15.713	11.546	13.922	1.802
R_z/μm	顺纹	45.591	34.583	40.793	5.643
R_z/μm	横纹	98.980	82.137	90.028	7.232

Surface roughness of high moisture content wood and bamboo laminated lumber sliced veneer (bamboo)

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2017.04.018

Abstract

References

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Proportional views